October 4, 2026
Njẹ imọwe owo le mu awọn ile-iṣẹ aladani ati awọn oṣiṣẹ sinu eto-ọrọ aje?
Kọ nipasẹ Dr. Jeffrey Dickinson
Ijabọ kan laipẹ lati Pakistan nipa awọn oṣuwọn kekere wọn ti imọwe owo mu oju mi. Botilẹjẹpe ijabọ naa ko ṣe apejuwe awọn ọna ifẹsẹmulẹ, awọn onkọwe ti ijabọ naa gbe ibeere ti o nifẹ si: ṣe imudarasi imọwe owo le yi iṣẹ aje pada lati alailẹgbẹ si (Rauf ati Ali 2026)lodo? Ni Pakistan, awọn ipele imọwe owo jẹ kekere. Nikan 18% awọn agbalagba Pakistani ko ni akọọlẹ banki ni ibamu si data World Bank Global Findex Database 2025. Aafo abo ninu awọn akọọlẹ banki ni Pakistan tun jẹ afihan pupọ nibiti 9.5% nikan ti awọn obinrin ni awọn iṣiro ifowopamọ.
Iwe olokiki kan nipasẹ Dupas ati Robinson (2013) fihan pe awọn obinrin ni anfani pupọ lati nini awọn akọọlẹ ifowopamọ. Nini awọn akọọlẹ ṣe iranlọwọ lati tọju owo wọn lati awọn ipa ita ati ole. Da lori iwadi naa o han gbangba pe ọpọlọpọ awọn obinrin ni ayika agbaye yoo ni anfani lati ni akọọlẹ ifowopamọ, paapaa ni kekere tabi ko si idiyele.
Iyẹn fi aaye pupọ silẹ fun idagbasoke ni awọn ofin ti imọ owo ti gbogbo awọn eniyan Pakistani, kii ṣe awọn obinrin Pakistani nikan. Eyi ni ibiti Dollar Scholars wa lati ṣere. Awọn ẹkọ Dollar Scholars ati oju opo wẹẹbu wa tẹlẹ ni Urdu, ede ti a sọ jakejado Pakistan, ati ede osise ti Pakistan, botilẹjẹpe awọn ede kekere miiran wa.
Ṣugbọn njẹ imọwe owo le ṣe iwakọ awọn ile-iṣẹ lati yipada lati informality si lodo? Tabi awọn oṣiṣẹ lati yipada lati ṣiṣẹ ni aiṣedeede si oojọ ni ifowosi? Ni deede, ẹkọ yoo ni ibatan si yiyan ti iṣẹ ti o ṣe deede tabi ti ko ni imọran. Imọwe owo ni pataki bi ifosiwewe ti o sunmọ fun yiyan iṣẹ ti ko ni imọran / ti ko ni idanwo. Ko nira lati fojuinu, botilẹjẹpe, pe imọwe owo ti o tobi julọ ti o ni ibatan si owo-ori le jẹ ifosiwewe iwuri fun awọn ẹni-kọọkan tabi awọn ile-iṣẹ lati gbe lati iṣẹ aje ti ko ni aiṣedeede. A lagbara litireso wa lori aje alailẹgbẹ. David McKenzie ati awọn miiran ti ṣiṣẹ takuntakun lati ṣe ayẹwo ohun ti o le fa awọn ile-iṣẹ tabi awọn ẹni-kọọkan lati ṣe alabapin ninu eto-ọrọ ti ko ni imọran dipo ti o ṣe deede. Wo awọn itọkasi ni isalẹ fun kika siwaju sii lori koko-ọrọ naa.
Ni ilosiwaju, ọpọlọpọ awọn ibeere yoo tẹsiwaju lati wa ni ayika eka alailẹgbẹ. Awọn ọjọgbọn dola ko lọ kuro nitorinaa a yoo tẹsiwaju titẹ ibeere yii ti ibasepọ laarin ẹkọ owo ati awọn oṣiṣẹ alailẹgbẹ ati awọn ile-iṣẹ. A gbero lati de ọdọ awọn onkọwe ti ijabọ lati Pakistan lati ṣe ifowosowopo ati pin alaye.
Awọn itọkasi
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- Rauf, Usama Abdul, and Rafia Ali. 2026. “Shrinking the Shadow Economy: How Financial Inclusion Can Shrink the Shadow Economy.” Knowledge Brief 2026: 143. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE). https://file.pide.org.pk/pdfpideresearch/kb-143-shrinking-the-shadow-economy-how-financial-inclusion-can-shrink-the-shadow-economy.pdf.
- Rocha, Rudi, Gabriel Ulyssea, and Laísa Rachter. 2018. “Do Lower Taxes Reduce Informality? Evidence from Brazil.” Journal of Development Economics 134: 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.04.003.
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