October 4, 2026
Ngabe ukufunda nokubhala kwezezimali kungaletha abantu ohlelweni lwamabhange olusemthethweni?
Ibhalwe ngu Dr. Jeffrey Dickinson
Umbiko wakamuva ovela ePakistan mayelana namazinga abo aphansi okufunda nokubhala kwezezimali wadonsa amehlo ami. Yize lo mbiko ungavezi izindlela ze-causal, ababhali balo mbiko baphakamisa umbuzo othakazelisayo: ngabe ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kwezezimali kungagqugquzela abantu bezomnotho ohlelweni lwamabhange olusemthethweni (Rauf Ali 2026)? E-Pakistan, amazinga okufunda kwezezimali aphansi kakhulu. Yi-18% kuphela yabantu abadala basePakistan abangenayo i-akhawunti yasebhange esemthethweni ngokusho kwedatha yeWorld Bank Global Findex Database 2025. Igebe lobulili kuma-akhawunti asebhange ePakistan nalo libonakala kakhulu lapho kuphela i-9.5% yabesifazane abanezibalo zasebhange ezisemthethweni.
Iphepha elidumile le- Dupas Robinson (2013) libonisa ukuthi abesifazane ababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi yocwaningo eKenya bazuza kakhulu ngokuba nama-akhawunti okonga. Yize ama-akhawunti ayenezimali eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuba nama-akhawunti kwasiza ukugcina imali yabo ivikelwe emathonyeni angaphandle nokweba. Yize yonke indawo emhlabeni ihlukile, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abesifazane abaningi emhlabeni wonke bangazuza ngokuba ne-akhawunti yokonga, ikakhulukazi ngezindleko eziphansi noma ezingenamali.
Lokho kushiya indawo enkulu yokukhula ngolwazi lwezezimali lwabo bonke abantu basePakistani, hhayi abesifazane basePakistan kuphela. Yilapho i-Dollar Scholars ingena khona ukuzodlala. Izifundo ze-Dollar Scholars kanye newebhusayithi sezivele zitholakala ngesi-Urdu, ulimi olukhulunywa kulo lonke elasePakistan, kanye nolimi olusemthethweni lwasePakistan, yize kunezinye izilimi ezincane.
Kodwa ukukhuphuka kokufunda kwezezimali kungaletha abantu ohlelweni lwamabhange? Uma sicabanga ngenkinga, futhi sibheka izincwadi zocwaningo ngohlelo lwamabhange olusemthethweni, siyabona ukuthi ukwethenjwa okuphansi emabhange noma kwezinye izikhungo zezezimali, kanye nezimali eziphakeme nakho kunganciphisa ugqozi lwabantu lokuvula noma ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti yabo yasebhange. Kalula nje, kubalulekile kumakhasimende asebhange, futhi amanani abalulekile futhi, hhayi nje imfundo yezezimali (Karlan et al. 2014; Cole et al. 2011). Lokho kusho, zonke lezi zinto zihambisana kahle nemfundo yezezimali.
Esikhathini esizayo, kuzoqhubeka nabantu abaningi abadinga usizo lokufunda ukuthi bangafinyelela kanjani i-akhawunti yasebhange esemthethweni. I-Dollar Scholars ayihambi, ngakho-ke sizoqhubeka nokucindezela lo mbuzo wobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, imfundo yezezimali, kanye namabhange asemthethweni. Sihlela ukufinyelela kubabhali bombiko ovela ePakistan ukuze sabelane ngolwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho, futhi mhlawumbe sisebenzisane ocwaningweni noma kumaphrojekthi emfundo yezezimali yabantu abadala.
Izinkomba
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- Cole, Shawn, Thomas Sampson, and Bilal Zia. 2011. “Prices or Knowledge? What Drives Demand for Financial Services in Emerging Markets?” The Journal of Finance 66 (6): 1933–1967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01697.x.
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- Rauf, Usama Abdul, and Rafia Ali. 2026. “Shrinking the Shadow Economy: How Financial Inclusion Can Shrink the Shadow Economy.” Knowledge Brief 2026: 143. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE). https://file.pide.org.pk/pdfpideresearch/kb-143-shrinking-the-shadow-economy-how-financial-inclusion-can-shrink-the-shadow-economy.pdf.
- World Bank. 2025. “Global Findex Database 2025: Country-Level Data.” Dataset. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex/download-data.
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