Thenga ikhaya bese uthola imali mboleko · Isifundo 1 3

Thola i-Mortgage-Ready: Uhlelo lwezinyanga eziyi-12

Uhlelo lwenyanga ngenyanga ukuqinisa isikweletu sakho, ukonga, namaphepha ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo semalimboleko, ngesibonelo esisebenzayo sesikweletu. (About 16 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Bala isilinganiso sakho sesikweletu kuya kwemali engenayo futhi ubone ukuthi ukukhokha isikweletu kushintsha kanjani.
Landela uhlelo lwezinyanga eziyi-12 ukuqinisa isikweletu sakho, ukonga kanye namaphepha ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
Qoqa imibhalo ababolekisi abayicelayo, kufaka phakathi amaphepha angeziwe ababolekisi abaziqashile kanye ne-ITIN.
Tshela ukufaneleka kwangaphambilini kusuka ekuvunyweni kwangaphambilini, bese uthola umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa izinyathelo zokuthenga ikhaya nokuthi ungabala kanjani isilinganiso sesikweletu kuya kwemali engenayo. Lesi sifundo siguqula lezo zinyathelo zibe uhlelo lwezinyanga eziyi-12, olunezinombolo ezisebenzayo kanye nohlu lwemibhalo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabasebenzi.

Amagama okumele wazi

Isilinganiso sesikweletu kuya kwemali engenayo (DTI) (Debt-to-income ratio (DTI)): Izinkokhelo zakho eziphelele zezikweletu zanyanga zonke zihlukaniswe ngemali engenayo yanyanga zonke, ekhonjiswe njengephesenti. Ababolekisi bayayisebenzisa ukwahlulela ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhokhela inkokhelo entsha.
Imali engenayo yanyanga zonke (Gross monthly income): Lokho okuholayo ngenyanga ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwentela nokunye ukuncishiswa.
Inkokhelo ephansi (Down payment): Ingxenye yentengo yasekhaya oyikhokhayo ngemali yakho noma ngosizo oluvela ohlelweni. Imali mboleko ikhokha okusele.
Ukufaneleka kwangaphambili (Pre-qualification): Isilinganiso sokuqala sombolekisi sokuthi ungaboleka malini. Imvamisa kusekelwe kulwazi olunikezayo ngaphandle kobufakazi.
Ukuvunyelwa kwangaphambili (Pre-approval): Incwadi ethi umbolekisi uzimisele ukukuboleka ngenani elithile, imvamisa ngemuva kokuhlola isikweletu sakho neminye imibhalo. Akusona isipho sokugcina semalimboleko.
Umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD (HUD-approved housing counselor): Umeluleki oqeqeshiwe e-ejensi evunyelwe nguMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamadolobha wase-US (HUD). Banikeza izeluleko zamahhala noma ezingabizi kakhulu ekuthengeni, ukuqasha, nokugwema ukubikezelwa.

Lokho ababolekisi abakubheka

Ngaphambi kokuba umbolekisi akunikeze imalimboleko (imalimboleko yokuthenga ikhaya), ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungenza izinkokhelo iminyaka eminingi. Ababolekisi babheka izinto ezine eziyinhloko:

Isikweletu: Imibiko yakho yesikweletu kanye nezikolo zikhombisa ukuthi ukhokhe kanjani izikweletu nezikweletu esikhathini esedlule.
Imali engenayo: uhola malini, nokuthi ungakufakazela yini.
Izikweletu: lokho osuvele ukhokha njalo ngenyanga, uma kuqhathaniswa nemali oyitholayo.
Ukonga: imali yokukhokha phansi, izindleko zokuvala, nezimo eziphuthumayo ngemuva kokuthuthela. Ukuvala, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuxazululwa endaweni ye-DC, umhlangano ekupheleni kokuthengwa kwekhaya lapho usayina khona amaphepha okubolekwa kwemalimboleko, ukhokhe imali yakho ukuvala, futhi uthole okhiye.

Awukwazi ukushintsha lokhu ngenyanga eyodwa. Kepha ngonyaka owodwa ungathola inqubekela phambili yangempela. Lesi sifundo sikunikeza uhlelo.

Ngezikweletu, inombolo esemqoka yisilinganiso sakho sesikweletu kuya kwemali engenayo (DTI). Zonke izinkokhelo zakho zezikweletu zanyanga zonke, kufaka phakathi inkokhelo entsha yasekhaya, zihlukaniswe ngemali engenayo yanyanga zonke (imali yakho engenayo ngaphambi kwentela). Uhlelo ngalunye lwemalimboleko nombolekisi ubeka umkhawulo walo we-DTI. Isibonelo, ngoSepthemba 2026 uhlelo lwe-DC Open Doors lubhale i-DTI ephezulu ye-50%, noma i-45% kwezinye izikweletu ze-FHA. Imali mboleko ye-FHA iyimalimboleko exhaswe yi-Federal Housing Administration. Ivumela abathengi ukuthi bafake phansi kancane njenge-3.5% futhi kungaba lula ukuthola ngesikweletu esiphansi. I-DTI ephansi ishiya indawo ethe xaxa kwisabelomali sakho sokudla, ezokuthutha nokumangala.

Isibonelo

Isibonelo sokusebenza: i-DTI ngaphambi nangemva kokukhokha imalimboleko yemoto

UMarisol noLuis baqasha ifulethi eHyattsville, eMaryland. Ndawonye bathola u- $ 6,500 ngenyanga ngaphambi kwentela. Umbolekisi ulinganisela ukuthi indlu yasedolobheni abayithandayo izobiza u- $ 2,100 ngenyanga ngemalimboleko, intela yempahla kanye nomshuwalense. Imali mboleko yabo yemoto inezinkokhelo eziyi-12 ezisele.

UMarisol noLuis: izikweletu zanyanga zonke uma zisebenza manje noma ezinyangeni eziyi-12
Inkokhelo yanyanga zonke	Faka isicelo manje	Faka isicelo ezinyangeni ezingu-12
Inkokhelo entsha yasekhaya (isilinganiso)	$ 2,100	$ 2,100
Imali mboleko yemoto	$ 450	$ 0
Izinkokhelo ezincane zekhadi lesikweletu	$ 150	$ 150
Imalimboleko yabafundi	$ 200	$ 200
Izikweletu Eziphelele Zanyanga Zonke	$ 2,900	$ 2,450

Manje: $ 2,900 ÷ $ 6,500 = 0.446, noma cishe i-45% DTI

Ngemuva kokuphela kwemalimboleko yemoto: $ 2,450 ÷ $ 6,500 = 0.377, noma cishe i-38% DTI

Ngokulinda kuze kube yilapho imalimboleko yemoto ikhokhwe, i-DTI yabo iwela cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-7. Lokhu kungabasiza ukuthi bafanelekele imalimboleko. Ngemuva kokuthenga, futhi kushiya u- $ 450 ngaphezulu njalo ngenyanga kwisabelomali sabo sezindleko zokuba nekhaya, njengokulungisa. Qaphela ukuthi irenti yabo ayikho etafuleni. Irenti iyama lapho bethenga, futhi inkokhelo entsha yasekhaya ithatha indawo yayo.

Izinyanga ze-12 kuya ku-6: lungisa isikweletu sakho futhi wakhe ukonga

Izinyanga ze-12 kuya ku-9: hlola futhi uhlanze isikweletu sakho

Thola imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu esikweletu ku-AnnualCreditReport.com. Ungazihlola mahhala masonto onke.
Bheka amaphutha, njengama-akhawunti okungewona eyakho noma izinkokhelo sekwephuzile ongazange uzenze. Phikisana namaphutha ngokubhala. Isifundo sethu sokufunda umbiko wakho wesikweletu sikhombisa ukuthi kanjani.
Khokha zonke izikweletu ngesikhathi. Setha izinkokhelo ezizenzakalelayo noma izikhumbuzo.
Khokha amabhalansi ekhadi lesikweletu. Ukusebenzisa imikhawulo yakho yesikweletu kungasiza amaphuzu akho. Bona ukuthi kuthinta kanjani amaphuzu akho wesikweletu.
Awukho umlando wesikweletu okwamanje? Qala manje ngesifundo sethu sokwakha isikweletu. Ezinye izinhlelo zemalimboleko, njengemalimboleko ye-FHA, zinemithetho evumela umbolekisi ukuthi abheke amanye amarekhodi, njengerenti nezinkokhelo zokusebenza.

Amaphuzu asetshenziswa ngumbolekisi wemali mboleko kungenzeka angahambisani namaphuzu wamahhala kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwebhange. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2026, ababolekisi abathengisa imalimboleko kuFannie Mae noFreddie Mac bangasebenzisa amaphuzu e-Classic FICO noma iVantageScore 4.0, ngokususelwa emibiko evela kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu. Hlola yonke imibiko emithathu.

Izinyanga 9 kuya ku-6: londoloza izinto ezintathu

Inkokhelo ephansi: ezinye izikweletu zidinga imali encane njenge-3% noma i-3.5% yentengo. Izinhlelo e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia zingasiza.
Izindleko zokuvala: imali mboleko, isihloko, izintela, nezinto ezikhokhelwa kusengaphambili. Umbolekisi wakho uzozifaka ohlwini lwemalimboleko.
Ukonga okuphuthumayo: imali osenayo ngemuva kokuthuthela, ukulungiswa nokumangala.

Gcina imali yakho ebhange noma kwi-akhawunti yenyunyana yesikweletu. Ababolekisi bavame ukucela izitatimende zasebhange zakamuva, futhi bangabuza ukuthi amadiphozithi amakhulu avela kuphi. Imali egcinwe ekhaya kunzima ukuthi umbolekisi ayibala, ngoba ayiboni ukuthi imali ivelaphi. Yifake kusenesikhathi futhi ugcine amarekhodi. Uma ilungu lomndeni likunika imali, buza umbolekisi ukuthi yimaphi amaphepha alidingayo, njengencwadi yesipho esayiniwe.

Lesi yisikhathi futhi sokufuna usizo ngokukhokha kwakho phansi. Bheka Usizo Lokukhokha Phansi Nezinhlobo Zemalimboleko eDC, Maryland, naseVirginia.

Izinyanga 6 kuya ku-3: Qoqa amaphepha akho

Ababolekisi kufanele bahlole ukuthi imali yakho ingokoqobo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi iqhubeke. Qala ifolda, ephepheni noma efonini yakho, bese wengeza amaphepha njengoba uwathola.

Amaphepha iningi lababolekisi abalicelayo

I-ID yesithombe, njengelayisense yokushayela noma ipasipoti
Inombolo yakho yokuphepha kwezenhlalo noma i-ITIN
Izinketho zamasheya ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezedlule
Amafomu we-W-2 eminyakeni emibili edlule
Izimbuyiselo zentela kahulumeni eminyakeni emibili edlule
Izitatimende zebhange ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, nekhasi ngalinye
Ubufakazi bokuthi ukhokha irenti ngesikhathi, njengamarekhodi asebhange noma imininingwane yokuxhumana yomnikazi wakho
Uhlu lwezikweletu zakho kanye nezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke

Abasebenzi abazimele, i-gig, kanye nabasebenzi bemali

Uma ushayela uhlelo lokusebenza, uhlanza izindlu, ugijima ibhizinisi elincane, noma wenza umsebenzi wesivumelwano, udinga ubufakazi obuthe xaxa. UFannie Mae, othenga izikweletu eziningi zase-US, ngokuvamile ubheka iminyaka emibili yemali engenayo yokuziqasha ekubuyiselweni kwakho kwentela. Ababolekisi abaningi bacela:

Izimbuyiselo zentela yomuntu siqu eminyakeni emibili edlule, nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ukubuyiselwa kwentela yebhizinisi uma ibhizinisi lakho lifaka intela yalo
Amafomu we-1099 avela ezinkampanini ezikukhokhele
Isitatimende senzuzo nokulahleka kulo nyaka kuze kube manje
Izitatimende zebhange zebhizinisi uma une-akhawunti ehlukile

Okubalulekile: kubantu abaziqashile, ababolekisi bavame ukubala imali engenayo ekubuyiselweni kwakho kwentela ngemuva kwezindleko zebhizinisi, hhayi ukuthengisa kwakho okuphelele. Uma uhola imali futhi ungabiki, umbolekisi akakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ukukusiza ufaneleleke. Bheka isifundo sethu sentela yabasebenzi be-gig nabaqashile.

Ababolekisi abane-ITIN

I-ITIN (Inombolo Yokuhlonza Umkhokhi Wentela Ngabanye) iyinombolo yentela evela ku-IRS yabantu abangakwazi ukuthola inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi. Amanye amabhange, izinyunyana zezikweletu, kanye nababolekisi bomphakathi benza izikweletu kubabolekisi be-ITIN. Lezi zikweletu zingadinga inkokhelo enkulu noma zibiza ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke qhathanisa okunikezwayo ngokucophelela. Ababolekisi bavame ukubuza:

Incwadi yakho ye-ITIN evela ku-IRS
Ipasipoti noma enye i-ID yesithombe sikahulumeni
Izimbuyiselo zentela zikahulumeni ezifakwe ku-ITIN yakho, imvamisa iminyaka emibili
Ubufakazi bomsebenzi ozinzile kanye nemali engenayo, njengamarekhodi okukhokha noma izitatimende zasebhange
Amarekhodi okuqasha ngesikhathi kanye nezinkokhelo zokusetshenziswa

Qinisekisa ukuthi i-ITIN yakho isasebenza. I-IRS ithi i-ITIN iyaphelelwa yisikhathi uma ingasetshenziswa ekubuyiselweni kwentela yombuso iminyaka emithathu yentela ilandelana. Yazi futhi ukuthi kusukela ngoMeyi 25, 2025, imalimboleko ye-FHA ayisavulekele izakhamizi ezingezona ezihlala unomphela, njengabantu abanama-visa okusebenza. Izakhamizi zase-US nezakhamizi ezisemthethweni (abanikazi bekhadi eliluhlaza) basakwazi ukufaka isicelo.

Kusukela ngoJuni 2026, abalawuli bakahulumeni bacele amabhange ukuthi abheke ngokucophelela amakhasimende asebenzisa i-ITIN. Baphinde bathi ababolekisi bezindlu bangabheka isimo sakho sokufuduka lapho benquma ukuthi ungakhokha yini imalimboleko. Abanye bangacela eminye imibhalo noma bathi cha, ngakho-ke buza ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Umeluleki wezindlu angakusiza ekutholeni ababolekisi abasayenza imalimboleko ye-ITIN.

Izinyanga 3 kuya ku-0: ikilasi, ukuvunywa kwangaphambilini, kanye nomkhawulo wakho wentengo

Thatha ikilasi lemfundo yasekhaya

Izinhlelo eziningi zidinga ikilasi. Isibonelo, imalimboleko yeMaryland Mortgage Program kanye nemalimboleko amaningi eVirginia Housing adinga ikilasi elivunyiwe ngaphambi kokuvala. UFannie Mae udinga imfundo yobunikazi bezindlu ngezikweletu ezithile zokukhokha phansi lapho bonke abathengi bengabathengi bokuqala. Ama-ejensi okweluleka ngezindlu avunyelwe yi-HUD afundisa la makilasi, imvamisa mahhala noma imali encane. I-Virginia Housing inikeza ikilasi lamahhala, ku-inthanethi noma mathupha.

Ukwamukelwa kwangaphambili kanye nokuvunyelwa kwangaphambili

Ababolekisi bawasebenzisa la magama ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukufaneleka kwangaphambili kuvame ukulinganisa okusheshayo ngokususelwa kulokho okutshela umbolekisi. Ukuvunywa kwangaphambili kuvame ukusho ukuthi umbolekisi uhlole isikweletu sakho neminye imibhalo. Akekho noyedwa ongumbolekisi oqinisekisiwe. Abathengisi nabathengisi bezezakhiwo bavame ukucela ukubona incwadi yokuvunywa kwangaphambili ngokunikezwa kwakho.

Beka umkhawulo wakho wentengo

Umbolekisi angakuvuma ngaphezu kwalokho ongakwazi ukukukhokha ngokunethezeka. Bala izindleko eziphelele zanyanga zonke zokuba ngumnikazi: inkokhelo yemalimboleko, intela yempahla, umshuwalense wabanikazi bezindlu, i-condo noma inhlangano yabanikazi bamakhaya (HOA), izinsiza, kanye nemali yokulungisa.

Sebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokutshala imali ukuthola imali eningi ongayikhokhela inyanga nenyanga.
Buza umbolekisi wakho noma umeluleki wezindlu ukuthi iyiphi intengo yasekhaya ehambisana naleyo nkokhelo, nezintela, umshuwalense, kanye nezimali ezifakiwe.
Bheka kuphela amakhaya noma ngaphansi kwaleyo ntengo, noma ngabe imvume yakho yangaphambilini iphakeme.

Usizo lwamahhala lwabeluleki bezindlu abavunyelwe yi-HUD

Umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD angabuyekeza isikweletu sakho nesabelomali, enze uhlelo nawe, achaze ukunikezwa kwemalimboleko, futhi akutshele ngezinhlelo zokukhokha zendawo. Bangakunikeza izeluleko ezizimele zokuthi ngabe imalimboleko ikulungele yini. Usizo luvame ukuba mahhala noma luphansi.

Shayela i-HUD ku-800-569-4287 ukuthola i-ejensi eseduze nawe.
Sesha ngekhodi ye-ZIP nge-CFPB Housing Counselor Search.
Buza umeluleki okhuluma ulimi lwakho, bese ucela ukuthi bahlangana yini ngocingo noma ku-inthanethi.

Qaphela

Izicupho ezingavimba imalimboleko yakho

Isikweletu esisha ngaphambi kokuvala. Ungathengi imoto noma ifenisha ngesikweletu, futhi ungavuli amakhadi amasha, kuze kube yilapho uvala. Inkokhelo entsha iphakamisa i-DTI yakho, futhi umbolekisi angahlola isikweletu sakho futhi ngaphambi kokuvala.
Imali engenayo engekho kwimbuyiselo yakho yentela. Ngokuvamile, ababolekisi abakwazi ukuyibala.
Izinkampani zokulungisa izikweletu ezikhokhisa kuqala. Akukho emthethweni ukuthi bakukhokhise ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi. Akekho ongasusa ngokusemthethweni imininingwane emibi embikweni wakho. Ungaphikisana namaphutha ngokwakho mahhala.

Ithiphu

Qala ifolda yendlu namuhla

Njalo ngenyanga, gcina ama-stubs akho okukhokha, izitatimende zasebhange, namarisidi okuqasha kufolda eyodwa. Lapho umbolekisi ecela amaphepha, ungawathumela ngosuku olulodwa esikhundleni senyanga.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ababolekisi bahlukanisa zonke izinkokhelo zakho zezikweletu zanyanga zonke, kufaka phakathi inkokhelo entsha yasekhaya, ngemali engenayo ngaphambi kwentela. Ukukhokha isikweletu ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo kunganciphisa le nombolo kakhulu.
Qala cishe unyaka ngaphambili: hlola imibiko yakho yesikweletu kuqala, bese ukwakha ukonga, bese uqoqa amaphepha akho.
Ababolekisi bavame ukubala kuphela imali engenayo ongayifakazela, njengemali engenayo ekubuyiselweni kwakho kwentela.
Incwadi yokuvuma kwangaphambili akuyona imalimboleko eqinisekisiwe. Ungathathi isikweletu esisha ngaphambi kokuvala.
Abeluleki bezindlu abavunyelwe yi-HUD banikeza usizo lwamahhala noma oluphansi. Shayela i-800-569-4287 ukuthola eyodwa.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ukuthenga indlu: amathuluzi nezinsiza zabathengi bamakhaya (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga ikhaya ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo onezinhlu zokuhlola kanye nezincazelo ze-Loan Estimate and Closing Disclosure.
Thola umeluleki wezindlu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Sesha ngekhodi ye-ZIP yama-ejensi wokweluleka ngezindlu avunyelwe yi-HUD eduze kwakho.
Imibiko Yesikweletu Yamahhala (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Ungawuthola kanjani imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu, ku-inthanethi, ngocingo, noma ngeposi.
Informes de crédito gratuitos (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Inguqulo yaseSpain yomhlahlandlela we-FTC wokuthola imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.