Imibiko Yesikweletu Nezikweletu · Isifundo 3 3
Yini ehambisa amaphuzu akho wesikweletu (nokuthi yini engekho)
Bona ukuthi izinkokhelo nezilinganiso zamakhadi zishintsha kanjani amaphuzu ngezibonelo ezisebenzayo, hlunga izinganekwane emaqinisweni, hlola imithetho yesikweletu sezokwelapha sango-2026, futhi ugweme ukukhwabanisa kokulungisa isikweletu.
Kuqediwe kulesi sisetshenziswa
Kulesi sifundo
Yini ozoyifunda
- Chaza izici eziyinhloko ephuzu lesikweletu nokuthi ngamunye ubaluleke kangakanani.
- Bala ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu bese uhlela ukuthi ungakwehlisa kanjani.
- Tshela izinganekwane zezikweletu ngaphandle kwamaqiniso.
- Qaphela imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu futhi wazi ukuthi yini ongayenza ngokwakho mahhala.
Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa izisekelo zokuthola amaphuzu wesikweletu nokuthi ungazibona kanjani imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu. Lesi sifundo sengeza izibonelo ezisebenzayo zokusetshenziswa kwesikweletu nokukhokha sekwephuzile, ukubuyekezwa kwenganekwane, kanye nemithetho yamanje yesikweletu sezokwelapha.
Amagama okumele wazi
- Isikweletu (Credit score)
- Inombolo, imvamisa kusuka ku-300 kuye ku-850, ebikezela ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukhokhe isikweletu ngesikhathi. Kususelwa embikweni wakho wesikweletu.
- Imodeli yokushaya amagoli (Scoring model)
- Ifomula esetshenziswa yinkampani ukuguqula imininingwane embikweni wakho wesikweletu ibe ngamaphuzu. I-FICO neVantageScore yizibonelo ezimbili.
- Umlando wokukhokha (Payment history)
- Irekhodi le-akhawunti yakho yesikweletu ngesikhathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu (Credit utilization)
- Isabelo semikhawulo yekhadi lakho lesikweletu osisebenzisayo, kuboniswe njengephesenti.
- Uphenyo oluthambile (Soft inquiry)
- Isheke lesikweletu elingathinti amaphuzu akho, njengalapho uhlola isikweletu sakho.
- Inkampani yokulungisa isikweletu (Credit repair company)
- Ibhizinisi elithi lingathuthukisa isikweletu sakho ngemali. Umthetho we-Federal ukhawulela lokho okungakukhokhisa nokuthembisa.
Yini engena kumaphuzu akho
Amaphuzu wesikweletu yinombolo ebikezela ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukhokhe isikweletu ngesikhathi. Ivela kulwazi olusembikweni wakho wesikweletu. Unamaphuzu amaningi, hhayi owodwa kuphela, ngoba izinkampani zisebenzisa amafomula ahlukene, abizwa ngokuthi amamodeli wokushaya amagoli. Amaphuzu amaningi asuka ku-300 kuye ku-850. Amaphuzu aphakeme ngokuvamile asho ukuthi ukhokha kancane ukuboleka.
Izikolo ze-FICO zisetshenziswa kabanzi. I-FICO ithi izikolo zayo zibheka amaqembu amahlanu olwazi:
| Isici | Lokho okubukeka | Yabelana |
|---|---|---|
| Umlando wokukhokha | Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhokhe ngesikhathi, noma yikuphi ukukhokha sekwephuzile, ukuqoqwa noma ukuqothuka | 35% |
| Imali ekhokhwayo | Kungakanani okweletayo, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ingakanani imikhawulo yekhadi lakho olisebenzisayo | 30% |
| Ubude bomlando wesikweletu | Isikhathi esingakanani ama-akhawunti akho avuliwe | 15% |
| Isikweletu esisha | Mangaki ama-akhawunti owavula noma owafaka isicelo muva nje | 10% |
| Ingxube yesikweletu | Izinhlobo zezikweletu onazo, njengamakhadi namakhadi | 10% |
| Ingqikithi | 100% |
Amanye amamodeli wokushaya amagoli, afana neVantageScore, anesisindo esihlukile kancane. Imikhuba efanayo isiza kubo bonke: khokha ngesikhathi, gcina ibhalansi iphansi, futhi ufake isicelo kuphela sesikweletu osidingayo.
Amaphuzu akho asebenzisa kuphela lokho okusembikweni wakho wesikweletu. Imali engenayo ayiyona ingxenye yayo. Umbolekisi usengabuza ngemali engenayo kanye nomsebenzi wakho lapho ufaka isicelo.
Isibonelo
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu: Ikhadi likaMarcus
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu yingxenye yemikhawulo yekhadi lakho lesikweletu oyisebenzisayo. Amamodeli wokushaya amagoli abheka ukuthi usondele kangakanani emikhawulweni yakho. Ochwepheshe abaningi, kufaka phakathi i-CFPB, basikisela ukuthi ungasebenzisi ngaphezu kuka-30% wemingcele yakho ephelele.
UMarcus uhlala e-Anacostia. Ikhadi lakhe elilodwa linomkhawulo we- $ 1,000.
| Ibhalansi | Umkhawulo | Ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| $ 800 | $ 1,000 | 80% |
| $ 300 | $ 1,000 | 30% |
| $ 100 | $ 1,000 | 10% |
| Intengo: $ 300 noma ngaphansi | $ 1,000 | 30% noma ngaphansi |
Ibhalansi ÷ umkhawulo × 100 = ukusetshenziswa: $ 800 ÷ $ 1,000 × 100 = 80%
Ukuze uthole kusuka ku-80% kuya ku-30%, uMarcus udinga ukukhokha u- $ 500, ngoba $ 800 - $ 300 = $ 500. Uma eyeka ukusebenzisa ikhadi futhi ekhokha u- $ 125 ngenyanga, kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezine, noma isikhathi eside ngenxa yenzalo.
$ 500 ÷ $ 125 ngenyanga = izinyanga ze-4, kanye nenzalo
Isibonelo
Ukuvala ikhadi elidala: ngaphambi nangemva
UJoy uhlala e-Alexandria. Unamakhadi amabili. Ikhadi A linomkhawulo we- $ 500 kanye nebhalansi engu- $ 400. Ikhadi B linomkhawulo we- $ 1,500 kanye nebhalansi engu- $ 0. Akalokothi asebenzise ikhadi B futhi ufuna ukulivala. Bheka ukuthi kwenzekani ekusetshenzisweni kwakhe.
| Into | Womabili amakhadi avulekile | Ngemuva kokuvala ikhadi B |
|---|---|---|
| Umkhawulo ophelele | $ 2,000 | $ 500 |
| Ibhalansi ephelele | $ 400 | $ 400 |
| Ukusetshenziswa | 20% | 80% |
Ngaphambi: $ 400 ÷ $ 2,000 = 20%. Ngemuva: $ 400 ÷ $ 500 = 80%
Ukuvala ikhadi B akwehlisi isikweletu sakhe. Isusa kuphela u- $ 1,500 wesikweletu esitholakalayo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwakhe kukhuphuka kakhulu. Uma ikhadi B lingenayo imali yonyaka, ukuyigcina ivulekile futhi ingasetshenziswanga kungaba ngcono kumaphuzu akhe. Uma ikhadi linemali ephezulu noma lenza kube nzima kuwe ukugwema ukuchitha imali, ukulivala kusengaba yisinqumo esifanele.
Izinkokhelo sekwephuzile: kungani izinsuku ezingama-30 zibalulekile
Umlando wokukhokha ubaluleke kakhulu. Ababolekisi ngokuvamile ababiki inkokhelo elahlekile kuma-bureaus wesikweletu kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30 ezidlulile usuku olubekiwe. Abanye balinde kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-60. Imali ekhokhwayo sekwephuzile ingikhokhiswa ngokushesha ngemuva kosuku olubekiwe. Uma inkokhelo sekwephuzile ibikiwe, ingahlala embikweni wakho iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Isibonelo, uDenise eBowie unenkokhelo yemoto okufanele ibe ngomhlaka 15. Uma ekhokha ngokugcwele ngomhlaka 22, angase akhokhe imali sekwephuzile, kepha umbolekisi ngokuvamile ngeke abike inkokhelo sekwephuzile. Uma ekhokha izinsuku ezingama-35 ngemuva kosuku olubekiwe, umbiko wakhe ungakhombisa inkokhelo yesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-30 sekwephuzile iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Ngabe ulahlekelwe inkokhelo? Yenza lokhu
- Shayela umbolekisi ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe. Buza ngokuhambisa usuku lwakho olubekiwe, ikhefu elifushane ekukhokheni, noma uhlelo lobunzima. Bhala phansi ukuthi ukhulume nobani nokuthi bathini.
- Khokha okusemandleni akho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukukhokha inani eliphelele ngaphambi kokuba kube yizinsuku ezingama-30 sekwephuzile kuvame ukugcina inkokhelo sekwephuzile embikweni wakho.
- Setha izinkokhelo ezizenzakalelayo okungenani ubuncane kuwo wonke amakhadi nemalimboleko.
- Uma ungakwazi ukuhambisana nezikweletu eziningi, khuluma nomeluleki wesikweletu ongenzi nzuzo. Bheka ukwenza uhlelo lokukhokha izikweletu nokuthi imali yakho yehla nini.
Inganekwane noma iqiniso?
- Inganekwane: Ukuhlola amaphuzu ami wesikweletu kunciphisa.
- Iqiniso: Uma uhlola umbiko wakho noma amaphuzu, kuwuphenyo oluthambile. Akuthinti amaphuzu akho. Uphenyo olunzima lwenzeka lapho ufaka isicelo sesikweletu, futhi lunganciphisa amaphuzu akho kancane. Lapho uthenga imalimboleko yemoto, imalimboleko noma imalimboleko yabafundi, amamodeli wokushaya amagoli avame ukubala amasheke amaningana ngesikhathi esifushane, imvamisa izinsuku eziyi-14 kuye kwezingu-45, njengenye.
- Inganekwane: Imali engenayo enkulu isho amaphuzu aphezulu.
- Iqiniso: Imali engenayo ayikho embikweni wakho wesikweletu, ngakho-ke akuyona ingxenye yesilinganiso sakho.
- Inganekwane: Kufanele ngivale amakhadi amadala engingawasebenzisi.
- Iqiniso: Ukuvala ikhadi kungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwakho, njengoba isibonelo sikaJoy sibonisa. Ukugcina ikhadi onalo iminyaka eminingi livulekile kuvame ukusiza, ikakhulukazi uma lingenayo imali yonyaka.
- Inganekwane: Kufanele ngiphathe ibhalansi futhi ngikhokhe inzalo yokwakha isikweletu.
- Iqiniso: Ukukhokha ibhalansi yakho ephelele njalo ngenyanga kwakha isikweletu, kungasiza amaphuzu akho, futhi akukubizeli inzalo.
- Inganekwane: Ukukhokha iqoqo kuyisusa embikweni wami.
- Iqiniso: Iqoqo elikhokhelwayo lingahlala embikweni wakho kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa, kepha kufanele libonise ukuthi likhokhelwe. Amaqoqo ezokwelapha akhokhelwayo ahlukile: ama-credit bureaus athi awawafaki.
Izikweletu Zezokwelapha Emibiko Yesikweletu: Yini Esebenzayo Ngo-2026
Imithetho mayelana nezikweletu zezokwelapha yashintsha izikhathi eziningana. NgoJanuwari 2025, i-CFPB yaqeda umthetho wokugcina izikweletu eziningi zezokwelapha zingekho emibikweni yesikweletu. NgoJulayi 2025, inkantolo yombuso yakhansela lowo mthetho. Ngakho-ke akukho ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni namuhla.
Ama-bureaus amathathu ezikweletu asalandela inqubomgomo yawo:
- Amaqoqo wezokwelapha akhokhelwayo awafakiwe emibiko yesikweletu.
- Amaqoqo ezokwelapha aqale ngaphansi kuka- $ 500 awafakiwe.
- Iqoqo lezokwelapha elingakhokhelwa alifakiwe kuze kube okungenani unyaka owodwa.
Imithetho yendawo yengeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Imithetho yaseMaryland esebenza kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 2025 ithi abahlinzeki bezokwelapha nabaqoqi bezikweletu kungenzeka bangabiki isikweletu sezokwelapha, futhi amahhovisi ezikweletu kungenzeka angafaki. Umthetho we-2024 waseVirginia uthi abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, nanoma ngubani oqoqa isikweletu sezokwelapha, bangase bangabiki. I-DC idlulise umthetho wesikweletu sezokwelapha ngo-2026 ozovimbela abahlinzeki bezempilo nabaqoqi bezikweletu ukuthi babike isikweletu sezokwelapha. Iqala ukusebenza ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi isabelomali se-DC siyikhokhele, ngakho-ke cela usizo lwezomthetho uma lusebenza kuwe. Ngo-Okthoba 2025, i-CFPB yathi ikholelwa ukuthi umthetho wobumbano weqa imithetho yombuso efana nale, ngakho-ke izinkantolo zinganquma ukuthi zifinyelela kude kangakanani.
- Hlola ezinye izinketho ezise- La Casa de Papel namaphethelo
- Phikisana nanoma yikuphi ukuqoqwa kwezokwelapha okukhokhelwayo, okuqale ngaphansi kwama- $ 500, noma okungaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala.
- E-Maryland, uma i-credit bureau ingasusi isikweletu sezokwelapha esivinjelwe ngumthetho, ungakhononda eHhovisi Lomthetho Wezezimali ku-410-230-6077.
- Buza isibhedlela noma umtholampilo ngosizo lwezezimali ngaphambi kokukhokha i-bill enkulu. E-Maryland, iziguli zesibhedlela zinezinsuku ezingama-240 kusukela kumthethosivivinywa wokuqala ukufaka isicelo.
Qaphela
Imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu
Ezinye izinkampani zithembisa ukusula isikweletu esibi noma ukwengeza amaphuzu ayi-100 ngokushesha, ngemali. Iqiniso liwukuthi akekho ongasusa ngokusemthethweni imininingwane enembile, esesikhathini embikweni wakho. Isikhathi nemikhuba emihle kuphela eyenza kube ngcono.
Umthetho wobumbano, i-Credit Repair Organizations Act, uyakuvikela. Inkampani yokulungisa isikweletu ayikwazi ukukukhokhisa ngaphambi kokuthi yenze umsebenzi oyithembisile. Kufanele ikunikeze inkontileka ebhaliwe efaka uhlu lwezinsizakalo, izindleko eziphelele nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani. Unezinsuku ezintathu zokukhansela ngaphandle kokukhokha lutho.
Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokukhwabanisa kokulungisa isikweletu:
- Ufuna ukukhokhelwa ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
- Akutshela ukuthi ungaxhumani nama-bureaus wesikweletu ngokwakho.
- Ikutshela ukuthi uphikisane nemininingwane oyaziyo ukuthi ilungile.
- Ikutshela ukuthi uqambe amanga ngesicelo sesikweletu noma ufake umbiko wamanga wokweba ubunikazi.
- Inikeza ubunikazi obusha besikweletu noma inombolo ehlukile ongayisebenzisa esikhundleni sakho. Lokho akukho emthethweni.
Bika imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov (ngeSpanishi ku-ReporteFraude.ftc.gov) nakummeli wakho wesifundazwe noma we-DC.
Ithiphu
Zenzele ngokwakho mahhala
Noma yini inkampani yokulungisa isikweletu engayenza ngokusemthethweni, ungazenzela ngokwakho mahhala: thola imibiko yakho, amaphutha wengxabano, ukhokhe ngesikhathi, futhi wehlise amabhalansi akho. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso samahhala, khuluma nomeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD noma umeluleki wesikweletu ongenzi nzuzo. Qala ngokufunda umbiko wakho wesikweletu bese ulunga amaphutha.
Izinto ezibalulekile
- Ukukhokha ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkokhelo imvamisa ayibikwa sekwephuzile kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30 ezedlule, kepha imali ekhokhwayo sekwephuzile ingafika ngokushesha.
- Gcina amabhalansi ekhadi aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhawulo yakho. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuthi ungasebenzisi ngaphezu kuka-30%.
- Ukuhlola umbiko wakho noma amaphuzu akwehlisi amaphuzu akho, futhi imali engenayo ayiyona ingxenye yamaphuzu akho.
- Ukuvala ikhadi elingasetshenziswanga kungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwakho, ngakho-ke cabanga ngaphambi kokuvala eyodwa.
- Akekho ongasusa ngokusemthethweni imininingwane enembile engalungile, futhi izinkampani zokulungisa izikweletu azikwazi ukukhokhisa ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi.
Hlola ukuqonda kwakho
Phendula imibuzo, bese ukhetha Hlola izimpendulo zami. Thola 5 6 ilungelo ukuqedela lesi sifundo. Awukho umkhawulo wesikhathi, futhi asigcini izimpendulo zakho.
Qhubekela phambili
Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.
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Ngingayithola kanjani futhi ngiyigcine iphuzu elihle lesikweletu? (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Imikhuba esiza amaphuzu akho: ukukhokha ngesikhathi, ukugcina ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi noma ngaphansi kwe-30% yemingcele yakho, nokufaka isicelo sesikweletu osidingayo kuphela.
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Ukulungisa ama-FAQ akho wesikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Ungayibona kanjani imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu, amalungelo akho ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinhlangano Zokulungisa Isikweletu, nokuthi yini ongayenza ngokwakho mahhala.
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Preguntas frecuentes acerca de cómo reparar su crédito (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Umhlahlandlela we-FTC ngeSpanishi: Ungayibona kanjani imikhonyovu yokulungisa isikweletu nokuthi yini ongayenza ngokwakho mahhala.
Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.