Imibiko Yesikweletu Nezikweletu · Isifundo 1 3

Funda umbiko wakho wesikweletu bese ulungise amaphutha

Thola imibiko yakho yamahhala, funda ingxenye ngayinye ngombiko wesampula, thumela impikiswano ngencwadi yokugcwalisa, futhi wazi ukuthi yini okumele uyenze uma iphutha lingalungiswanga. (About 18 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Thola imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala kusuka ku-AnnualCreditReport.com, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yemibiko yamahhala.
Funda isigaba ngasinye sombiko wesikweletu bese ubheka amaphutha ajwayelekile.
Thumela ingxabano kuhhovisi lesikweletu kanye nenkampani ebike iphutha.
Landela ingxabano bese ufaka isikhalazo uma iphutha lingalungiswanga.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa lokho umbiko wesikweletu oqukethe kanye nelungelo lakho lokuphikisana namaphutha. Lesi sifundo sikuhambisa ngombiko wesampula, incwadi yengxabano yokugcwalisa kanye nerekhodi yerekhodi, futhi ikhombisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo uma i-credit bureau ingalungisi iphutha.

Amagama okumele wazi

Umbiko wesikweletu (Credit report): Irekhodi lendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo isikweletu, njengemalimboleko namakhadi wesikweletu, ukuthi ukhokhe malini, nokuthi ukhokhe yini ngesikhathi.
Ihhovisi lesikweletu (Credit bureau): Inkampani eqoqa imininingwane yesikweletu futhi ithengise imibiko yesikweletu. Amahhovisi amathathu esikweletu ezweni lonke yi-Equifax, i-Experian neTransUnion.
Impikiswano (Dispute): Isicelo esisemthethweni esicela i-credit bureau noma inkampani ukuthi ihlole imininingwane okholelwa ukuthi ayilungile futhi iyilungise.
Ifenithi (Furnisher): Inkampani ethumela imininingwane ngawe ehhovisi lesikweletu, njengebhange, inkampani yamakhadi, umbolekisi noma umqoqi wesikweletu.
Uphenyo olunzima (Hard inquiry): Irekhodi lokuthi umbolekisi uhlole isikweletu sakho ngoba ufake isicelo sesikweletu. Kunganciphisa amaphuzu akho kancane.
I-akhawunti yokuqoqa (Collection account): Isikweletu inkampani yokuqala esiyithumele noma ithengiselwe umqoqi wesikweletu ngoba ayizange ikhokhelwe.

Thola imibiko yakho yamahhala ngendlela ephephile

Umbiko wakho wesikweletu uyirekhodi lendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo isikweletu. Uhlu lwemalimboleko yakho namakhadi wesikweletu, ukuthi ukhokhe malini, nokuthi ukhokhe yini ngesikhathi. Ababolekisi, abanikazi bezindlu, izinkampani zomshuwalense nabanye abaqashi bangakubuka. Iphutha embikweni wakho lingakubiza imali mboleko, ifulethi noma inzalo ephansi.

Ama-bureaus amathathu ezikweletu ezweni lonke agcina imibiko: i-Equifax, i-Experian neTransUnion. Ngayinye igcina umbiko wayo ngawe, futhi le mibiko emithathu ayihambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yingakho kufanele uhlole wontathu.

Ungathola yonke imibiko emithathu mahhala masonto onke ku-AnnualCreditReport.com. Ama-bureaus enze imibiko yamahhala yamasonto onke unomphela. Le yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yemibiko yesikweletu yamahhala. Thayipha ikheli ngokwakho esikhundleni sokuchofoza isikhangiso noma isixhumanisi kumyalezo. Awudingi ukuthenga noma yini ukuze uthole imibiko yakho yamahhala lapho.

Vakashela AnnualCreditReport.com efonini yakho noma kwikhompyutha yakho. Noma shayela i-1-877-322-8228 ukuthola imibiko yakho ngeposi.
Faka igama lakho, ikheli, usuku lokuzalwa kanye nenombolo yokuphepha komphakathi. Bese uphendula imibuzo yokuphepha mayelana nama-akhawunti akho adlule.
Khetha zonke izinketho ezintathu zezikweletu.
Londoloza noma uphrinta umbiko ngamunye. Bhala phansi inombolo yokuqinisekisa uma umbiko unalo. Uzoyidinga uma uphikisana nokuthile.

Ayikho inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi? Usengathola umbiko wesikweletu. Imvamisa awukwazi ukuyithola ku-inthanethi, kepha ungacela i-bureau ngayinye ngeposi. Faka amakhophi e-ID kahulumeni akhombisa ikheli lakho lamanje kanye nomthethosivivinywa wakamuva noma isitatimende sasebhange. Shayela i-bureau kuqala ukubuza ukuthi idinga ini: I-Equifax (866) 349-5191, i-Experian (888) 397-3742, iTransUnion (800) 916-8800.

Uma inkampani ikwenqaba ngenxa yombiko wakho, kufanele ikuthumelele isaziso. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathola umbiko wamahhala owengeziwe ovela ku-credit bureau eshiwo kwisaziso. Buza kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-60.

Isibonelo

Umbiko wesampula: Umbiko weTransUnion ka-Elena

U-Elena uhlala eHyattsville, eMaryland. Wayehlala eWashington, DC, kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2023. Akakaze ahlale eRichmond, eVirginia. Ukhokha imalimboleko yakhe yemoto ngokukhokha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi izitatimende zakhe zasebhange zikhombisa ukuthi zonke izinkokhelo zaphuma ngesikhathi. Ushicilele umbiko wakhe weTransUnion ngo-Agasti 2026. Nansi inguqulo emfushane.

Isampuli yesampula yesikweletu sika-Elena (inguqulo emfushane)
Isigaba	Lokho okushiwo ngumbiko	Yini okufanele uyihlole
Ulwazi lomuntu siqu	U-Elena M. Mendez. Amakheli: Hyattsville, MD; Washington, DC; Richmond, VA.	Ngabe wonke amagama, ikheli kanye nosuku lokuzalwa kungokwakho?
I-akhawunti: i-credit union imoto loan	Ivulwe ngoJuni 2023. Inkokhelo engu- $ 310 ngenyanga. Kuphawulwe izinsuku ezingama-30 sekwephuzile ngoJanuwari 2026.	Ingabe ibhalansi, izinsuku kanye nesimo sokukhokha senyanga ngayinye zilungile?
I-akhawunti: ikhadi lesikweletu	Umkhawulo we- $ 500. Ibhalansi $ 120. Ikhokhwe ngesikhathi njalo ngenyanga.	Ingabe umkhawulo nokulinganisela kuyahambisana nesitatimende sakho?
I-akhawunti: ikhadi lesikweletu lasebhange	Ivulwe ngoMashi 2026 ngekheli laseRichmond, VA. Ibhalansi $ 1,900. Izinsuku ezingama-60 sekwephuzile.	Ngabe uyivule le akhawunti ngokwakho?
Amaqoqo	Inkampani yocingo, $ 240, engakhokhiwe. Inkokhelo yokuqala sekwephuzile ngo-2017.	Ngabe isikweletu singowakho? Ngabe inani lilungile? Ngabe lidala kakhulu ukuthi lingabika?
Amarekhodi omphakathi	Akukho.	Uma ukuqothuka kubhalwe ohlwini, ingabe kungokwakho futhi kungaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala?
Imibuzo enzima	Inkampani yamakhadi asebhange, Mashi 2026.	Ngabe ufake isicelo sesikweletu enkampanini ngayinye efakwe ohlwini?

Umbiko wangempela mude. Ikhophi yakho ibuye ibonise imibuzo ethambile, njengalapho uhlola umbiko wakho. Nguwe kuphela owaziyo, futhi azithinti amaphuzu akho.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile okufanele uwabheke

Sebenzisa lolu hlu lokuhlola kumbiko wakho ngamunye wesithathu. Umbiko wesampula ka-Elena ngenhla unezinkinga ezintathu. Ungazithola?

Imininingwane engeyona eyakho. Igama, ikheli, usuku lokuzalwa noma inombolo yokuphepha kwezenhlalo ongayazi. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ifayela lakho lixutshwe nefayela lomunye umuntu, imvamisa umuntu onegama elifanayo.
Ama-akhawunti noma imibuzo enzima ongayenzanga. Lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zokwebiwa kobunikazi.
Izinkokhelo ezingalungile sekwephuzile. Inkokhelo ephawulwe sekwephuzile lapho ukhokha ngesikhathi. Thola isitatimende sakho sasebhange noma irisidi.
Isikweletu esifanayo sibhalwe kabili, isibonelo yinkampani yokuqala kanye nomqoqi wesikweletu, kokubili ngebhalansi.
Isimo esingalungile noma amanani, njenge-akhawunti oyivalile ekhombisa ukuthi ivulekile, noma ibhalansi noma umkhawulo ongalungile.
Imininingwane emidala emibi. Imininingwane eminingi emibi ingahlala embikweni wakho iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ukuqothuka kungahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Izinto ezindala kufanele zinyamalale.
Amaqoqo ezokwelapha akufanele abe khona. La mahhovisi amathathu athi awafaki amaqoqo ezokwelapha akhokhelwayo, noma aqale ngaphansi kuka- $ 500.

Uma uthola i-akhawunti ongakaze uyivule, yiphathe njengokwebiwa kobunikazi. Ungabeka isikweletu mahhala. Landela izinyathelo zesifundo sokweba ubunikazi.

Indlela yokuphikisana, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Izingxabano zikhululekile. Ungaphikisana ku-inthanethi, ngocingo noma ngeposi. I-inthanethi ivame ukushesha kakhulu. I-imeyili eqinisekisiwe enerisidi yokubuyisa ihamba kancane, kepha ifakazela ukuthi yini oyithumele nokuthi ifike nini. Kunoma ikuphi, gcina ikhophi noma isithombe-skrini salokho okuthumele.

Zungeza noma ugqamise iphutha ngalinye kwikhophi yombiko wakho.
Qoqa ubufakazi, njengezitatimende zasebhange, amarisidi, izincwadi ezivela kumbolekisi, noma umbiko wokwebiwa kobunikazi. Thumela amakhophi bese ugcine okuqala.
Thumela ingxabano ku-bureau ngayinye yesikweletu ekhombisa iphutha. Yisho ukuthi yini engalungile, kungani kungalungile, nokuthi yini oyifunayo: yisuse noma uyilungise.
Thumela impikiswano kumhlinzeki futhi. Le yinkampani ebike ulwazi, njengombolekisi noma umqoqi wesikweletu. Ikheli layo livame ukutholakala embikweni wakho.
Bhala isinyathelo ngasinye kulogi: usuku, ngubani oxhumana naye, yini oyithumele, nanoma iyiphi inombolo yokulandelela.
Lindela imiphumela. I-credit bureau ngokuvamile inezinsuku ezingama-30 zokuphenya. Ithumela impikiswano yakho nobufakazi bakho kumhlinzeki, bese kufanele ikutshele imiphumela.
Thola amakhophi amasha emibiko yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kukhombisa kuwo wonke umbiko onephutha.

I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ifaka uhlu lwala makheli wezingxabano. Hlola iwebhusayithi ye-bureau ngaphambi kokuthumela imeyili, uma ikheli lishintshile:

I-Equifax, PO Box 740256, Atlanta, GA 30348
Experian, PO Box 4500, Allen, TX 75013
TransUnion, PO Box 2000, Chester, PA 19016

Isibonelo

Gcwalisa incwadi yengxabano kanye nerekhodi lokurekhoda

Nayi incwadi u-Elena angayithumela mayelana nemalimboleko yakhe yemoto. Shintsha amagama kubakaki abayisikwele ukuze uvumelane necala lakho. Thumela incwadi eyodwa ku-credit bureau kanye nencwadi efanayo enkampanini ebike iphutha.

[Igama lakho eliphelele]
[Ikheli lomgwaqo]
[Idolobha, isimo, ikhodi ye-ZIP]
[Inombolo yocingo]
[Usuku]
[Igama lehhovisi lesikweletu noma inkampani]
[Ikheli lempikiswano]
Isihloko: Ukuphikisana kolwazi embikweni wami wesikweletu. Inombolo yokuqinisekisa: [inombolo evela embikweni wakho, uma ikhona]
Ngibhalela ukuphikisana nemininingwane embikweni wami wesikweletu engalungile. Ngizungeze into kwikhophi enamathiselwe yombiko wami.
Inkampani: [igama lenkampani]. Inombolo ye-akhawunti: [amadijithi amane okugcina kuphela].
Okushiwo ngumbiko: [isibonelo, izinsuku ezingama-30 sekwephuzile ngoJanuwari 2026].
Kungani kungalungile: [Isibonelo, ngikhokhe ngesikhathi. Isitatimende sami sasebhange sikhombisa inkokhelo ngoJanuwari 5, 2026.]
Sicela uphenye futhi [ulungise / ususe] le nto. Sicela ungithumelele imiphumela ngokubhala.
Nginamathisele: ikhophi yombiko wami nento ezungeziwe; [uhlu lobufakazi bakho]; ikhophi ye-ID yami.
Ngobuqotho,
[Isignesha yakho]
[Igama lakho eliphrintiwe]

Gcina i-log elula efana nale. Kuwubufakazi obuwusizo uma kamuva ufaka isikhalazo noma uthola usizo lwezomthetho.

I-log yengxabano ka-Elena
Usuku	Ngubani	Kwenzekani futhi isinyathelo esilandelayo
Agasti 10, 2026	I-TransUnion	Incwadi yempikiswano ethunyelwe ngeposi eliqinisekisiwe. Bhala phansi inombolo yokulandelela. Okulandelayo: bheka imiphumela cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokufika kwencwadi.
Agasti 10, 2026	Inyunyana yezikweletu	Thumela incwadi efanayo ekhelini lempikiswano embikweni. Okulandelayo: shayela uma kungekho mpendulo ezinsukwini ezingama-30.
Septhemba 4, 2026	I-TransUnion	Incwadi yemiphumela: inkokhelo sekwephuzile isusiwe. Okulandelayo: thola umbiko omusha ukuze uhlole.

Uma iphutha lingalungiswanga

Kwesinye isikhathi i-credit bureau ithi inkampani iqinisekisile ulwazi, ngakho-ke ihlala. Usenezinketho.

Phikisana nomhlinzeki ngqo, uma ungakakwenzi. Imvamisa kufanele iphenye futhi iphendule zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuthola impikiswano yakho.
Thumela ubufakazi obusha. Uma uthola eminye imibhalo, thumela impikiswano entsha bese uyifaka.
Engeza isitatimende. Cela i-credit bureau ukuthi ifake isitatimende esifushane mayelana nengxabano kufayela lakho. Izovela ngemibiko yesikhathi esizayo. Ungacela i-bureau ukuthi iyithumele kunoma ngubani othole umbiko wakho muva nje. Kungahle kube nemali ekhokhwayo yalokho.
Faka isikhalazo ku-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ku-consumerfinance.gov/complaint noma (855) 411-2372. I-CFPB ithumela isikhalazo sakho enkampanini. Izinkampani eziningi ziphendula zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-15.
Thola usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala. Ummeli angakutshela uma unesimangalo ngaphansi kwe-Fair Credit Reporting Act, umthetho wobumbano mayelana nemibiko yesikweletu.

Usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala endaweni ye-DC: Usizo lwezomthetho DC (202) 628-1161, iMaryland Legal Aid 888-465-2468, kanye nezinsizakalo zezomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia 703-778-6800. Ungafaka futhi isikhalazo ehhovisi lokuvikelwa kwabathengi le-DC Attorney General ku-202-442-9828, iHhovisi laseMaryland lezokulawulwa kwezezimali ku-410-230-6077, noma isigaba sokuvikelwa kwabathengi seVirginia Attorney General ku-804-786-2042.

Qaphela

Amawebhusayithi afanayo nabasizi abakhohlisayo

Amanye amawebhusayithi asebenzisa amagama abukeka njenge-AnnualCreditReport.com, noma ayipela ngendlela ehlukile. Bangazama ukukuthengisela okuthile noma ukuqoqa ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu. Njalo uthayiphe AnnualCreditReport.com ngokwakho.

Uma othile exhumana nawe ngenkinga ngombiko wakho wesikweletu futhi ecela inombolo yakho yezokuphepha komphakathi, iphasiwedi noma inkokhelo, yeka. Thola imibiko yakho ngokwakho. Ungalokothi ukhokhe inkampani ukuphikisana namaphutha ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi. Ukukhokhisa kuqala kuphambene nomthetho. Bona ukuthi yini ehambisa amaphuzu akho wesikweletu nokuthi ungayibona kanjani inkohliso.

Ithiphu

Yenza umkhuba

Setha isikhumbuzi efonini yakho ukuze uhlole imibiko yakho njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kwesinyathelo esikhulu, njengokuqasha ifulethi noma ukufaka isicelo semalimboleko yemoto. Ngoba imibiko imahhala masonto onke, ungahlola ihhovisi elilodwa ngesikhathi sonyaka, noma wonke amathathu ngasikhathi sinye.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ungathola imibiko yamahhala evela ku-Equifax, Experian neTransUnion masonto onke ku-AnnualCreditReport.com.
Hlola yonke imibiko emithathu. Iphutha lingaba umbiko owodwa hhayi kwabanye.
Phikisana ngokubhala ne-credit bureau kanye nenkampani ebike iphutha, futhi ugcine amakhophi akho konke.
I-credit bureau ngokuvamile inezinsuku ezingama-30 zokuphenya. Uma iphutha lihlala, engeza isitatimende bese ufaka isikhalazo ku-CFPB.
Izingxabano zikhululekile. Awudingi ukukhokha noma ngubani ukulungisa iphutha langempela.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Imibiko Yesikweletu Yamahhala (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Ungawuthola kanjani imibiko yakho yamahhala yamasonto onke ku-inthanethi, ngocingo noma ngeposi, nokuthi ungathola nini imibiko eyengeziwe yamahhala.
Ukuphikisana namaphutha emibiko yakho yesikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Imiyalelo yengxabano yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngezincwadi zesampula zama-bureaus wesikweletu kanye nebhizinisi elibike iphutha.
Informes de crédito gratuitos (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela we-FTC ngeSpanishi: Ungawuthola kanjani imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala masonto onke futhi ugweme amawebhusayithi mbumbulu.
Faka isikhalazo (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Faka isikhalazo mayelana nehhovisi lesikweletu noma inkampani ebike imininingwane engalungile, ku-inthanethi noma ngocingo ku- (855) 411-2372.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.