Thenga ikhaya bese uthola imali mboleko · Isifundo 2 3

Izinketho zamasheya kanye nezinhlobo zemalimboleko e-DC, Maryland, naseVirginia

Qhathanisa izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemalimboleko, thola inkokhelo phansi nosizo lwezindleko zokuvala e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, qonda umshuwalense wemalimboleko, futhi usebenze imali yakho ukuvala. (About 18 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Qhathanisa imalimboleko ejwayelekile, ye-FHA, i-VA, ne-USDA kanye nezinkokhelo zabo ezincane.
Thola usizo lwezindleko zokukhokha nokuvala e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, futhi uhlole imithetho yohlelo ngalunye.
Chaza umshuwalense wemali mboleko nokuthi umshuwalense wemali mboleko yangasese ungasuswa nini.
Bala imali oyidingayo ngesikhathi sokuvala, ngosizo nangaphandle kwalo.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa izinhlobo zemalimboleko nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Lesi sifundo sengeza izinhlelo zendawo ezingasiza abathengi bendawo ye-DC ngokukhokha phansi, imithetho yokuhlola, kanye nesibonelo semali esisebenzayo.

Amagama okumele wazi

Imalimboleko ejwayelekile (Conventional loan): Imali mboleko engafakwanga umshuwalense noma eqinisekisiwe yi-ejensi kahulumeni. Abaningi bathengiswa kuFannie Mae noma uFreddie Mac.
Imalimboleko ye-FHA (FHA loan): Imali mboleko yomshuwalense yi-Federal Housing Administration, eyingxenye ye-HUD. Ivumela inkokhelo ephansi kodwa ikhokhisa umshuwalense wemalimboleko.
Umshuwalense wemali mboleko yangasese (PMI) (Private mortgage insurance (PMI)): Umshuwalense ovikela umbolekisi, hhayi wena, uma uyeka ukukhokha imalimboleko ejwayelekile. Imvamisa kuyadingeka uma ubeka phansi ngaphansi kuka-20%.
Usizo lokukhokha phansi (Down payment assistance): Imali evela ohlelweni olusiza ukukhokhela inkokhelo yakho phansi noma izindleko zokuvala. Kungaba yisibonelelo ongasikhokhi, noma imalimboleko.
Imali mboleko ehlehlisiwe (Deferred loan): Imalimboleko engenayo imali yokukhokha inyanga nenyanga isikhathi esithile. Uyikhokha kamuva, imvamisa lapho uthengisa, ubuyisela imali noma uyeka ukuhlala ekhaya.
Imali yokuvala (Cash to close): Inani eliphelele okufanele ulethe ukuvala: inkokhelo yakho phansi nezindleko zokuvala, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izikweletu noma usizo.
Ikhaya Lokuqala (First-time homebuyer): Ezinhlelweni eziningi, umuntu ongakaze abe nekhaya eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Uhlelo ngalunye lubeka umthetho walo.

Izinhlobo zemalimboleko ngokubuka okusheshayo

Abathengi abaningi basebenzisa enye yezinhlobo ezine zemalimboleko. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi kufanele ubeke malini, ngubani ongafaneleka, nokuthi hlobo luni lomshuwalense wemalimboleko oyikhokhayo.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemalimboleko kanye nezinkokhelo zazo ezincane (kusukela ngoSepthemba 2026)
Uhlobo lwemalimboleko	Inkokhelo ephansi	Kuhle ukwazi
Okujwayelekile	Ngaphansi kwe-3% yemali mboleko ethile	Ngaphansi kuka-20% phansi, uvame ukukhokha i-PMI. Ungasusa i-PMI kamuva.
I-FHA	Ngaphansi kwe-3.5%	Unomshuwalense wemalimboleko, imvamisa impilo yemalimboleko. Kusukela ngoMeyi 25, 2025, izakhamizi ezingezona ezihlala unomphela, njengabantu abanama-visa omsebenzi, abakwazi ukuthola imalimboleko ye-FHA.
VA	Ayikho inkokhelo ephansi yabathengi abafanelekile, uma intengo ingaphakeme kunenani elilinganisiwe (isilinganiso sobungcweti sokuthi ikhaya libiza ini, eliyalwe ngumbolekisi)	Kumalungu ensizakalo afanelekayo, omakadebona, nabanye abashadile abaphilayo. Ayikho imali mboleko yanyanga zonke, kepha ungakhokha imali yokuxhaswa kwemali yesikhathi esisodwa.
I-USDA	Azikho izinkokhelo eziphansi kubathengi abafanelekayo	Kubathengi abahola kancane naphakathi ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezifanelekile. Amakhaya asemadolobheni afana ne-DC awafanelekile. Ungabheka ikheli kuwebhusayithi yokufaneleka kwe-USDA.

Uma ungesona isakhamuzi sase-US noma umnikazi wekhadi eliluhlaza, buza umbolekisi ngamunye ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu ongazithola. Imithetho yemalimboleko ejwayelekile ihlukile emithethweni ye-FHA, futhi abanye ababolekisi bendawo banikela ngemalimboleko yabo kubabolekisi be-ITIN. Umeluleki wezindlu angakusiza ukuthi uzithole. Kusukela ngoJuni 2026, abalawuli bakahulumeni bacele amabhange ukuthi abheke ngokucophelela amakhasimende asebenzisa i-ITIN. Abanye bangacela eminye imibhalo noma bathi cha, ngakho-ke buza ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.

Usizo ku-DC: I-HPAP ne-DC Iminyango Evulekile

Uhlelo Losizo Lokuthengwa Kwasekhaya (HPAP)

UMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi we-DC (DHCD) ugijima i-HPAP, kanti i-DC Housing Finance Agency (DCHFA) isiza ukuyiphatha. I-HPAP inikeza izikweletu ezingenanzalo ukusiza abathengi bokuqala abahola kancane nabalinganiselwe ukuthenga ikhaya eDC.

Ngubani: abathengi bokuqala. Nge-HPAP, lokho kusho ukuthi awuzange ube nekhaya noma enye indawo yokuhlala eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Izakhamizi ze-DC ziza kuqala. Abanye abantu abasebenze e-DC okungenani unyaka bangafaka isicelo.
Kuphi: Ikhaya kufanele libe se-DC, futhi kufanele kube yikhaya lakho eliyinhloko.
Kungakanani: kuya ngemali engenayo kanye nosayizi wasekhaya. I-DHCD ibuyekeza itafula layo minyaka yonke.
Ukukhokha: abathengi abahola kancane abakhokheli nyanga. Abathengi abahola ngokulinganisela baqala ukwenza izinkokhelo ngonyaka wesithupha. Yonke imalimboleko kufanele uma uthengisa, refinance (ngaphandle kwezinye izinto), noma uyeke ukuhlala ekhaya. Ukubuyisela imali kusho ukuthatha imali mboleko entsha ukukhokha endala yakho, imvamisa ukuthola isilinganiso esiphansi.
Indlela yokufaka isicelo: ngenhlangano yomphakathi, njenge-Housing Counseling Services, i-Latino Economic Development Center (LEDC), noma i-MANNA.

Imali ye-HPAP ilinganiselwe. Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2026, i-DHCD ithe izosiza abafakizicelo abafika kuqala, abakhonzwa kuqala. Izimali nemithetho zingashintsha unyaka ngamunye wezimali. Unyaka wezimali we-DC uqala ngo-Okthoba 1, ngakho-ke buza umeluleki kusenesikhathi mayelana nesikhathi.

Iminyango evulekile ye-DC

I-DC Open Doors, evela ku-DCHFA, inikeza imalimboleko yasekhaya ngosizo lokukhokha phansi emakhaya e-DC. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2026, iwebhusayithi yayo yathi:

Abathengi bokuqala nabaphindayo bangayisebenzisa, futhi awudingi ukuhlala e-DC manje.
Kukhona umkhawulo wemali engenayo, futhi amaphuzu amancane wesikweletu angama-640.
Imali mboleko yosizo lokukhokha phansi ingamboza inkokhelo yakho encane ephelele.
Leyo malimboleko inenzalo engu-0% futhi ayikho izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke. Kufanele ithengise ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, noma ngokushesha uma uthengisa, ubuyisela imali, noma uyeke ukuhlala ekhaya.

Hlola ezinye izinketho ezise- Maryland namaphethelo

Uhlelo lwe-Maryland Mortgage (MMP)

Imali mboleko ye-1st Time Advantage yenzelwe abathengi bokuqala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abangazange babe nekhaya eliyinhloko eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Abanye omakadebona nabanye abathengi ezindaweni ezithile ezihlosiwe nabo bangafaneleka.
Imali mboleko ye-Flex yenzelwe abathengi bokuqala noma abaphindayo.
Iningi lemalimboleko ye-MMP liza nosizo lokukhokha phansi njengemalimboleko engu-0% ehlehlisiwe. Ngo-2026, izinketho zifaka i-flat $ 6,000, noma inani elilingana no-3%, 4%, noma i-5% yemali mboleko yokuqala. Uyikhokha lapho imali mboleko yokuqala iphelile, ngokwesibonelo lapho uthengisa noma ubuyisela imali.
Uma umlingani ovunyiwe, njengabanye abaqashi, ekunikeza usizo, i-MMP ingahambisana nayo kuze kufike ku- $ 2,500 ngaphezulu kwezinye izikweletu.
Wonke umuntu obolekayo kufanele athathe ikilasi lemfundo elivunyiwe.
Kukhona izikweletu ezikhethekile zabathengi eMontgomery County nasePrince George's County.
Faka isicelo ngombolekisi ovunyelwe yi-MMP.

Izindlu zaseVirginia

I-Virginia Housing yenza imalimboleko yasekhaya ngababolekisi abavunyiwe, ngemali engenayo nemikhawulo yamanani.
Isibonelelo sayo se-Down Payment Assistance yisibonelelo sangempela, ngakho-ke awusoze wasikhokhela. Yenzelwe abathengi bokuqala, kanye nabathengi abaphindayo ezindaweni ezithile, abasebenzisa imalimboleko efanelekayo yeVirginia Housing.
Isibonelelo Sosizo Lwezindleko Zokuvala singasiza abathengi abathola imalimboleko ye-VA noma ye-USDA ngeVirginia Housing. Futhi ayikaze ikhokhwe.
Imali mboleko eminingi yeVirginia Housing idinga ikilasi layo lamahhala labathengi bezindlu. Ungayithatha mathupha noma ku-inthanethi. Inkambo eku-inthanethi ithatha cishe amahora ayisishiyagalombili.

Ezinye izifunda namadolobha esifundeni nazo ziqhuba izinhlelo zazo. Umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD angakutshela ukuthi yiziphi ezikulungele.

Imithetho okufanele uyihlole ngaphambi kokuthembela ekusizeni

Uhlelo ngalunye lunemithetho yalo. Buza le mibuzo ngaphambi kokwenza isipho sendlu:

Uyini umkhawulo wemali engenayo ngosayizi womndeni wami?
Ingabe ukhona umkhawulo entengo yasekhaya?
Uhlelo luchaza kanjani umthengi wokuqala?
Kufanele ngihlale ekhaya njengekhaya lami eliyinhloko? Isikhathi esingakanani?
Ingabe ikilasi labathengi lasekhaya liyadingeka? Yimaphi amakilasi abalulekile?
Yimaphi amaphuzu amancane wesikweletu kanye ne-DTI ephezulu engiyidingayo?
Ingakanani imali yami okufanele ngiyifake?
Ingabe isibonelelo noma imalimboleko? Uma kuyimalimboleko, kufanele ngiyikhokhe nini: lapho ngithengisa, ngibuyisela imali, ngiphuma, noma ngemuva kwenani elithile leminyaka?
Ngingakwazi yini ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinhlelo?
Ngabe yamukela abathengi abanesimo sami sokufuduka noma i-ITIN?
Ngabe imali iyatholakala manje, futhi imvume ithatha isikhathi esingakanani?
Yimaphi amakhasimende avunyelwe ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo?

Thola izimpendulo ngokubhala. Imithetho yohlelo kanye nemali yamadola iyashintsha, imvamisa ekuqaleni konyaka omusha wezimali.

Umshuwalense wemalimboleko: Amaphrimiyamu we-PMI ne-FHA

Uma ubeka phansi inani elincane, umbolekisi ubeka engcupheni enkulu. Umshuwalense wemali mboleko uvikela umbolekisi uma uyeka ukukhokha. Akukuvikeli kodwa yilokho okwenza inkokhelo ephansi ibe nokwenzeka.

I-PMI kumalimboleko ajwayelekile

Ngaphansi kuka-20% phansi kwemalimboleko ejwayelekile, uvame ukukhokha umshuwalense wemali mboleko yangasese (PMI) njengengxenye yokukhokha kwakho kwanyanga zonke. Umthetho we-Federal ukunikeza izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqeda:

Ungacela umhlinzeki wakho ngokubhala ukuthi akhansele i-PMI lapho ibhalansi yakho yemalimboleko ihlelelwe ukufinyelela ku-80% wenani lokuqala lekhaya. Udinga umlando omuhle wokukhokha futhi kufanele uhlangabezane nezinye izimo, njengokukhombisa ukuthi ikhaya alilahlekelwanga yinani.
I-servicer yakho kufanele iqede i-PMI ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ibhalansi yakho ihlelelwe ukufinyelela ku-78% wenani lokuqala, uma ukhona manje ekukhokheni kwakho.

Umshuwalense we-FHA mortgage

Imali mboleko ye-FHA ikhokhisa amaphrimiyamu amabili. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2026, i-premium yangaphambili ingu-1.75% yemali mboleko, futhi ingangezwa kwimalimboleko. Kukhona ne-premium yonyaka, ekhokhwa njengengxenye yenkokhelo yakho yanyanga zonke. Kubathengi abaningi abeka phansi u-3.5%, i-premium yonyaka ingu-0.55% yemalimboleko, futhi ihlala impilo yemalimboleko. Uma ubeka phansi i-10% noma ngaphezulu, iphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-11. Abanye abanikazi kamuva babuyisela imali mboleko ejwayelekile ukuze bayeke ukuyikhokha.

$ 350,000 ikhaya − $ 12,250 phansi = $ 337,750 imalimboleko; $ 337,750 × 0.55% ÷ 12 = cishe $ 155 ngenyanga ekuqaleni

Isibonelo

Isibonelo esisebenzayo: Imali yokuvala ikhaya le- $ 350,000

UMekdes usebenza esibhedlela eDC. Uthenga i-condo engu- $ 350,000 e-DC ngemalimboleko ye-FHA kanye no-3.5% phansi. Isilinganiso sakhe semalimboleko sikhombisa u- $ 10,500 ezindlekweni zokuvala, kufaka phakathi izintela ezikhokhelwa kusengaphambili nomshuwalense. (Izindleko zokuvala ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Le nombolo iyisibonelo nje.)

$ 350,000 × 3.5% = $ 12,250 inkokhelo phansi

Imali yokuvala ikhaya le- $ 350,000, ngosizo nangaphandle (isibonelo)
Into	Ngaphandle kosizo	Imali mboleko yokukhokha phansi
Inkokhelo ephansi (3.5%)	$ 12,250	$ 12,250
Izindleko zokuvala nezinto ezikhokhelwa kusengaphambili	$ 10,500	$ 10,500
Imali mboleko yosizo lokukhokha phansi	$ 0	- $ 12,250
Cash Mekdes Must Bring	$ 22,750	$ 10,500

Imali mboleko yosizo inciphisa imali yakhe ukuthi ivale ngaphezu kwesigamu. Kepha akuyona imali yamahhala. Ngohlelo olufana ne-DC Open Doors, kufanele akhokhe u- $ 12,250 lapho ethengisa, ebuyisela imali noma ehamba, noma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30. Uma umthengisi evuma ukukhokha ingxenye yezindleko zakhe zokuvala, uzodinga imali encane kakhulu. Kufanele futhi ahlele ukugcina ukonga okuphuthumayo ngemuva kokuvala, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa wonke amadola anawo.

Qaphela

Gwema ukukhokha uhlu lwemali yamahhala

Amanye amawebhusayithi kanye nabashayeli bathembisa imali yamahhala kahulumeni yokukhokha kwakho uma ukhokha imali kuqala. Abanye bacela inombolo yakho yezokuphepha kwezenhlalo noma ukungena ngemvume ebhange ukuze uhlole ukuthi uyafaneleka yini. Izinhlelo zangempela kulesi sifundo zifakwe ohlwini lwamahhala kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni, futhi abeluleki abavunyelwe yi-HUD bangakusiza ukuthi ufake isicelo ngezindleko ezincane noma ezingenamali. Ungalokothi ukhokhele uhlu lwezibonelelo, futhi ungalokothi unikeze umuntu ngemvume lakho ebhange.

Ithiphu

Buza ababolekisi umbuzo ofanele

Ngaphambi kokukhetha umbolekisi, zibuze: "Ingabe uvunyelwe ukwenza imalimboleko nge [igama lohlelo]? Zingaki zalezi zikweletu ozivalile kulo nyaka? " Umbolekisi osebenzisa lolu hlelo kaningi angakusiza ukuthi ugweme ukubambezeleka.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ezinye izikweletu zidinga ngaphansi kuka-3% noma u-3.5% phansi, futhi imalimboleko ye-VA ne-USDA ayidingi lutho phansi kubathengi abafanelekile.
I-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia zonke zinezinhlelo ezisiza ngokukhokha phansi noma izindleko zokuvala. Eziningi ziyimalimboleko oyikhokhelayo lapho uthengisa, ubuyisela imali noma uhambisa.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ikhaya, hlola umkhawulo wemali engenayo yohlelo ngalunye, umthetho womthengi wokuqala, imfuneko yekilasi, nemithetho yokukhokha.
Ngemalimboleko ejwayelekile, ungacela ukukhansela i-PMI lapho ibhalansi yakho ihlelelwe ukufinyelela ku-80% wenani lokuqala lekhaya.
Imali yokuvala iyinkokhelo yakho ephansi kanye nezindleko zokuvala, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi usizo. Gcina ukonga okuphuthumayo ngemuva kokuvala futhi.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Uhlelo Losizo Lokuthengwa Kwasekhaya (HPAP) (Enye iwebhusayithi)
DC Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) · Ulimi: English

Imalimboleko engenanzalo ye-DC yabathengi bokuqala abahola kancane naphakathi, ngemali engenayo yamanje namatafula okusiza.
Iminyango evulekile ye-DC (Enye iwebhusayithi)
DC Housing Finance Agency (DCHFA) · Ulimi: English

Imali mboleko yasekhaya ngokukhokha phansi kusiza abathengi bokuqala nabaphindayo ukuthenga e-DC.
Uhlelo lwe-Maryland Mortgage (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development · Ulimi: English

Imali mboleko yasekhaya yaseMaryland ngokukhokha phansi kanye nosizo lwezindleko zokuvala, kanye nemali engenayo namathuluzi omkhawulo wentengo.
Virginia Housing: Abathengi bamakhaya (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Virginia Housing · Ulimi: English

Imali mboleko yabathengi bezindlu yokuqala yaseVirginia, ukukhokha phansi kanye nezibonelelo zezindleko zokuvala, kanye namakilasi wamahhala wabathengi bezindlu.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.