Izinkokhelo kanye nezintela zemali engenayo yomuntu siqu · Isifundo 2 3

Izintela ze-gig, imali, kanye nemali engenayo yokuziqasha

Yini abasebenzi abazimele abakweletayo, indlela yokubeka imali eceleni intela, lapho ukukhokha phakathi nonyaka, namarekhodi alula anciphisa imali yakho yentela.

  • Mayelana nemizuzu engu-15
  • Imibuzo ye-Quiz: 5
  • Last checked: September 2026
  • Yakha ku: I-Money Smart for Adults, Module 3: Imali Yakho Nezindleko (Izandiso ze-Dollar Scholars ezinteleni zokuziqasha)

Izingxenye zalesi sifundo azikahunyushelwa olimini lwakho, ngakho-ke zikhonjiswe ngesiNgisi.

Yini ozoyifunda

  • Chaza ukuthi iyiphi imali engenayo okufanele ibikwe, kufaka phakathi imali, amathiphu, kanye nemali engenayo yohlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha.
  • Linganisa intela yokuziqasha ngemali engenayo usebenzisa isibonelo esisebenzayo.
  • Beka eceleni imali yentela futhi wazi ukuthi izinkokhelo ezilinganisiwe zekota kufanele nini.
  • Gcina amarekhodi alula wemali engenayo nezindleko zebhizinisi, njenge-mileage.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: I-Module 3 ikhuluma ngemisebenzi eseceleni kanye neFomu 1099 kodwa ayifundisi intela yokuziqasha. Lesi sifundo sikhombisa izibalo ngezinombolo zangempela futhi sinika abashayeli, abahlanzekile, abanakekeli, nabanye abasebenzi abazimele uhlelo olulula lokulondoloza nokugcina amarekhodi.

Amagama okumele wazi

Ukuziqasha (Self-employed)
Sebenza ngokwakho esikhundleni somqashi. Akekho ogodla intela emholweni wakho.
Inzuzo yeNet (Net profit)
Imali engenayo yebhizinisi lakho inciphisa izindleko zebhizinisi lakho. Intela yokuziqasha isuselwa kule nombolo, hhayi kuyo yonke imali oyithathayo.
Intela yokuqasha (Self-employment tax)
Intela yezokuphepha kwezenhlalo kanye ne-Medicare yabantu abazisebenzela bona. Isilinganiso singama-15.3%.
Intela elinganisiwe (Estimated tax)
Intela oyikhokha ku-IRS phakathi nonyaka, imvamisa izikhathi ezine, lapho kungekho ntela egodliwe emalini yakho.
Ifomu 1099-NEC (Form 1099-NEC)
Ifomu ibhizinisi elithumela kumuntu elikhokhele ongeyena isisebenzi, elikhombisa ukuthi likhokhele malini.
Ifomu 1099-K (Form 1099-K)
Ifomu lokusebenza lokukhokha, izimakethe eziku-inthanethi, kanye nezicubungula zamakhadi zithumela ukubika izinkokhelo ozitholile ngezimpahla noma izinsizakalo.
Izindleko zebhizinisi (Business expense)
Izindleko ozikhokhelayo ukwenza umsebenzi wakho, njengezimpahla noma amakhilomitha ebhizinisi. Yehlisa inzuzo yakho.

Yonke imali engenayo ibalwa

Uma ukhokhelwa ukushayela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-rideshare, ukuletha ukudla, ukuhlanza amakhaya, ukuluka izinwele, noma ukunakekela izingane, futhi akekho othatha intela emholweni wakho, ungase uziqashe. Lokho kusho ukuthi usebhizinisini lakho, noma ngabe kungumsebenzi wesikhashana noma ohlangothini. Kufanele ubike lokho okuholayo, noma ngabe ukhokhelwa ngokheshi, ngesheke, ngohlelo lokusebenza, noma ngamathiphu.

Okuhlukile: uma usebenza ekhaya lomndeni owodwa futhi umndeni ulawula ukuthi wenza kanjani umsebenzi, ngokwesibonelo njenge-nanny noma umgcini wendlu, ungaba yisisebenzi sasekhaya salowo mndeni esikhundleni. Buza umnikazi we-VITA uma ungaqinisekisi.

Kufanele ubike imali engenayo noma ungakaze uthole ifomu lentela. Amafomu entela yimibiko kuphela. Nakhu ongakuthola:

  • Ifomu 1099-NEC kusuka ebhizinisini elikukhokhele njengomuntu ongeyena umsebenzi. Ngezinkokhelo ezenziwe ngo-2026, ibhizinisi kufanele lithumele eyodwa uma likukhokhela u- $ 2,000 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kuka-2026, inani lalingama- $ 600.
  • Ifomu le-1099-K kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha noma emakethe eku-inthanethi uma uthola ngaphezulu kwe- $ 20,000 yezimpahla noma izinsizakalo ezinkokhelo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Uma wamukela amakhadi wesikweletu noma asebhange ngqo, ngokwesibonelo ngomfundi wekhadi, lezo zinkokhelo zamakhadi zibikwa ku-1099-K nganoma iyiphi inani.
  • Ayikho ifomu nhlobo yemisebenzi eminingi yemali. Imali engenayo isabalulekile.

Imali umngane ayithumela ukuhlukanisa umthethosivivinywa wesidlo sakusihlwa, noma isipho esivela emndenini, akuyona imali yebhizinisi. Gcina izinkokhelo zomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwezinkokhelo zebhizinisi ukuze amarekhodi akho ahlale ecacile.

Kufanele ufake imbuyiselo yentela kahulumeni uma imali oyitholayo evela ekuzisebenziseni ingu- $ 400 noma ngaphezulu, noma ngabe imali yakho ephelele iphansi.

Two taxes: self-employment tax and income tax

An employee pays 7.65% of their pay for Social Security and Medicare, and the employer pays another 7.65%. When you work for yourself, you pay both parts. This is called self-employment tax. The rate is 15.3%: 12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare.

The tax is not figured on all the money you take in. It is figured on 92.35% of your net profit. Net profit is your business income minus your business expenses. You can also deduct half of your self-employment tax when you figure your income tax.

You may also owe regular income tax. That depends on your total income, filing status, deductions, and credits. Many workers with low income owe little or no income tax after the standard deduction (the part of income that is not taxed, $16,100 for a single person in 2026), but they still owe self-employment tax. Refundable credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, can lower what you owe or even give you a refund.

Filing with an ITIN? You still report your self-employment income. Whether you also owe self-employment tax can depend on your tax residency, which is not the same as your immigration status. Ask a VITA volunteer to check.

Isibonelo

Marisol's delivery income in 2025

Marisol lives in Langley Park, Maryland, and delivers food with two apps. In 2025 the apps paid her $26,000, including tips. She kept a mileage log and her receipts.

Marisol's profit and self-employment tax for 2025
ItemAmount
Money from the apps, including tips$26,000
Business miles: 8,000 miles × 70 cents (the 2025 IRS rate)−$5,600
Business share of her phone bill−$300
Insulated delivery bags−$100
Net profit$20,000
Amount subject to self-employment tax: $20,000 × 92.35%$18,470
Self-employment tax: $18,470 × 15.3%$2,826

$20,000 × 92.35% × 15.3% = about $2,826

Marisol can deduct half of that, about $1,413, when she figures her income tax. Whether she owes income tax, and how much, depends on the rest of her tax return.

Her mileage log saved her money. Without it, her profit would be $5,600 higher, and her self-employment tax alone would be about $791 higher.

The IRS mileage rate changes. For 2026 driving, it is 72.5 cents a mile from January through June and 76 cents a mile from July 1 through December 31.

Set money aside every time you are paid

No one takes taxes out of gig pay. If you spend it all, the tax bill can be hard to pay. Protect yourself with a separate account.

  1. Open a second account just for taxes. Many banks and credit unions offer free or low-cost savings accounts. See our lesson on opening an account.
  2. Each time you get paid, move a set percentage into it. Self-employment tax alone is about 14% of your profit. If you may also owe income tax, save more. The worksheet in IRS Form 1040-ES or a VITA volunteer can help you choose a percentage.
  3. Do not use this money for bills. It is for your tax payments.
  4. Use it to pay your estimated tax on time.

$385 weekly profit × 15% = about $58 a week, or about $3,000 a year

For Marisol, saving 15% of her profit each week would cover her self-employment tax of about $2,826, with a little left over.

Pay during the year: estimated tax

The IRS expects you to pay tax during the year, as you earn income. If you expect to owe $1,000 or more when you file, you generally need to make estimated tax payments. If you pay too little or too late, you may owe a penalty, even if you get a refund later.

When estimated tax is due for 2026 income
Income earnedPayment due
January 1 to March 31, 2026April 15, 2026
April 1 to May 31, 2026June 15, 2026
June 1 to August 31, 2026September 15, 2026
September 1 to December 31, 2026January 15, 2027

If a due date falls on a weekend or holiday, you can pay on the next business day. To avoid a penalty, you generally must pay at least 90% of this year's tax, or 100% of last year's tax (110% if your income was over $150,000). DC, Maryland, and Virginia may also expect estimated payments for their income tax.

Ways to pay the IRS:

  • IRS Direct Pay: free, from a checking or savings account, with no sign-in.
  • Your IRS Online Account.
  • Debit or credit card: the card processor charges a fee.
  • Cash at a store, through an IRS-approved retail partner: there is a small fee and a limit on each payment. Pay at least 7 days before the due date. You can also pay cash for free at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center, by appointment.
  • A check by mail, with a Form 1040-ES payment voucher.

Have a W-2 job too? You can ask your employer to take out extra tax in Step 4(c) of your W-4 instead of making estimated payments. See Read Your Pay Stub and Fill Out Your W-4.

Records that save you money

Every business expense you can prove lowers your profit. Lower profit means less self-employment tax and less income tax. Use a paper notebook or an app. Either one works if you keep it up to date.

  • Income: save app summaries and monthly statements. Write down cash and tips on the day you get them.
  • Mileage log: for each work trip, write the date, the miles, and the reason. Write down your car's odometer reading at the start and end of the year.
  • Receipts: supplies, tools, uniforms, cleaning products, and the business part of your phone bill.
  • Parking and tolls for work trips. You can deduct these even if you use the standard mileage rate.
  • One account for business money, so your bank statements support your records.

Personal trips are not business miles. Traffic tickets and other fines are not deductible. If you want to use the standard mileage rate for a car you own, you must choose it in the first year you use that car for your business.

Keep your tax records for at least three years after you file.

Qaphela

Common traps

  • Thinking cash does not count. It does, even with no form.
  • Spending the tax money. Then the bill comes in April and there is no money to pay it.
  • Not filing because you cannot pay. File on time anyway. The penalty for filing late is usually much bigger than the penalty for paying late, and the IRS offers payment plans.
  • Paying a company that promises to make your tax debt disappear. Many charge large fees up front. For free help with a tax debt or an IRS letter, contact a Low Income Taxpayer Clinic.

Ithiphu

Why reported income helps you later

Reporting all your income can feel expensive, but it helps your future. If you have a Social Security number, the self-employment tax you pay earns Social Security credits toward retirement and disability benefits. In 2026, each $1,890 of earnings earns one credit, up to four credits a year.

Your tax returns are also proof of income. Landlords, lenders, and some programs ask for them when you rent an apartment, apply for a loan, or get ready for a mortgage. Income you never reported cannot help you then.

Izinto ezibalulekile

  • Yonke imali engenayo ibalulekile, kufaka phakathi imali namathiphu, noma ngabe ungakaze uthole ifomu 1099.
  • Intela yokuziqasha ingu-15.3% we-92.35% yenzuzo yakho, noma cishe i-14% yenzuzo yakho.
  • Hambisa ingxenye yenkokhelo ngayinye ku-akhawunti ehlukile yokonga intela.
  • Uma ulindele ukukweleta u- $ 1,000 noma ngaphezulu, khokha intela elinganisiwe phakathi nonyaka, imvamisa izikhathi ezine.
  • Amarekhodi amakhilomitha akho nezindleko anciphisa inzuzo yakho, futhi lokho kunciphisa intela yakho.

Hlola ukuqonda kwakho

Phendula imibuzo, bese ukhetha Hlola izimpendulo zami. Thola 4 5 ilungelo ukuqedela lesi sifundo. Awukho umkhawulo wesikhathi, futhi asigcini izimpendulo zakho.

Umbuzo 1 5 UMarisol uhambisa ukudla ngezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ikhasimende elijwayelekile libuye limnikeze u- $ 80 ngamathiphu emali. Akazange athole ifomu 1099 ngo-2026. Iyiphi imali okufanele ayibike?
Umbuzo 2 5 UTomas uzidweba izindlu. Inzuzo yakhe kulo nyaka ingu- $ 10,000. Uzokweleta intela engakanani?
Umbuzo 3 5 Sekusekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2026. U-Chen ushayela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-rideshare futhi ulindele ukukweleta imali engaphezu kuka- $ 1,000 intela ngo-2026. Izokhokhwa nini intela yakhe elandelayo elinganiselwa kuhulumeni?
Umbuzo 4 5 Yikuphi kulokhu umshayeli wokulethwa angavame ukudonsa njengezindleko zebhizinisi?
Umbuzo 5 5 UKame uhlanza amahhovisi futhi ukhokhelwa ngemali. Unenombolo yezokuphepha komphakathi. Uyabuza ukuthi kungani kufanele abike imali engenayo. Iyiphi inzuzo yangempela?

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.