Izinketho zokuqasha nezindlu · Isifundo 2 2

Ukuqasha noma ukuthenga? Qhathanisa izindleko zangempela

Isibonelo esisebenzayo sendawo ye-DC esiqhathanisa ukuqasha ku- $ 2,000 ngenyanga nokuthenga i-condo engu- $ 320,000, kufaka phakathi izindleko abathengi bokuqala abavame ukuphuthelwa nokuthi kungani inani leminyaka ohlala kuyo ibalulekile. (About 16 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Bhala uhlu lwezindleko zanyanga zonke nezesikhathi esisodwa zokuba nendlu bese uziqhathanisa nokuqasha.
Sebenzisa isibonelo esisebenzayo ukuqhathanisa izindleko eziphelele zokuqasha nokuthenga eminyakeni eminingana.
Chaza ukuthi kungani inani leminyaka ohlela ukuhlala lishintsha impendulo.
Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola lokulungela ukunquma ukuthi uzoqala yini ukulungiselela ukuthenga.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa izidingo zezindlu nezifiso, ukukhetha phakathi kokuqasha nokuthenga, nokuthi yini ongakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Lesi sifundo sengeza isibonelo esisebenzayo sendawo ye-DC eminyakeni emihlanu, izindleko abathengi bokuqala bavame ukuphuthelwa, itafula lokuphuka, kanye nohlu lokulungela.

Amagama okumele wazi

Uthishanhloko nesithakazelo (Principal and interest): Izingxenye ezimbili zenkokhelo yemalimboleko. Uthishanhloko ukhokha inani olibolekile. Inzalo yilokho umbolekisi akukhokhisa ukuboleka.
Imali ye-Condo noma i-HOA (Condo or HOA fee): Imali yanyanga zonke amalungu enhlangano yabanikazi bamakhaya akhokhela izindleko ezabiwe, njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo, izindawo ezivamile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amanzi noma udoti.
Umshuwalense wemali mboleko yangasese (PMI) (Private mortgage insurance (PMI)): Umshuwalense ongase ukhokhe uma ubeka ngaphansi kuka-20% phansi kwimalimboleko ejwayelekile. Ivikela umbolekisi, hhayi wena.
Izindleko zokuvala (Closing costs): Imali oyikhokhayo ukuqedela ukuthengwa kwekhaya, njengemali mbolekisi, ukuhlolwa, umshuwalense wesihloko, izintela zikahulumeni, kanye nentela yempahla ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili nomshuwalense.
Ukulingana (Equity): Ingxenye yekhaya lakho onayo. Yinani lekhaya ngaphandle kwalokho osakukweleta kwimalimboleko.
Iphuzu lokuphuka (Break-even point): Isikhathi lapho izindleko eziphelele zokuthenga ziba ngaphansi kwezindleko eziphelele zokuqasha.
Inkokhelo ephansi (Down payment): Ingxenye yentengo yekhaya oyikhokha ngokheshi ekuqaleni. Uboleka okusele ngemali mboleko.
Itemize: Ukufaka uhlu lwezindleko ezithile, njengenzalo yemali mboleko kanye nentela yempahla, ekubuyeni kwakho kwentela ye-federal ukwehlisa imali oyikhokhayo intela. Yenza lokhu esikhundleni sokuthatha ukuncishiswa okujwayelekile.

Izindleko eziphelele zokuba nendlu

Abantu abaningi baqhathanisa irenti yabo nenkokhelo yemalimboleko. Lokho akulona ukuqhathanisa okulungile. Umnikazi wendlu ukhokha izindleko eziningi umqashi angazenzi:

Inzalo nenzalo: inkokhelo yemalimboleko uqobo.
Intela yempahla: e-DC, amakhaya amaningi akhokhiswa intela ku- $ 0.85 kuwo wonke ama- $ 100 wenani elihloliwe minyaka yonke. Inani elihloliwe yilokho idolobha noma isifunda esithi ikhaya lakho lifanele ngenhloso yentela. Ukuncishiswa kwe-homestead ye-DC kunciphisa intela kubanikazi abahlala ekhaya. E-Maryland naseVirginia, isilinganiso sincike esifundeni noma edolobheni lapho ikhaya likhona.
Umshuwalense we-condo noma umnikazi we-condo: uhlanganisa ikhaya lakho nezimpahla zakho.
Imali ye-Condo noma i-HOA: lokhu kungakhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inhlangano ye-condo nayo ingakhokhisa "ukuhlolwa okukhethekile" kwesikhathi esisodwa sokulungiswa okukhulu, njengophahla olusha.
Umshuwalense wemali mboleko yangasese (PMI): imvamisa iyadingeka uma ubeka ngaphansi kuka-20% phansi kwimalimboleko ejwayelekile. Imalimboleko ejwayelekile yimalimboleko ejwayelekile uhulumeni angayibuyiseli. Imalimboleko ye-FHA ixhaswe yi-Federal Housing Administration futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke phansi kancane njengo-3.5%, kepha ukhokha umshuwalense wemalimboleko.
Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa: lapho i-heater yamanzi iphukile, akekho umnikazi wendawo ongashayela. Londoloza lokhu njalo ngenyanga.

Isibonelo

Izindleko zanyanga zonke: ukuqasha vs. ukuthenga i-condo e-DC

UKame no-Ama baqasha ifulethi elinegumbi elilodwa lokulala eBrookland, eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeDC, ngama- $ 2,000 ngenyanga. Babheka i-condo enegumbi elilodwa lokulala eliseduze ngama- $ 320,000. Bazobeka u-5% phansi futhi baboleke u- $ 304,000 iminyaka engama-30 ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe esingu-7%. Ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, isilinganiso senzalo kanye nenkokhelo yemalimboleko kuhlala okufanayo kuyo yonke imalimboleko. Ngesilinganiso esiguquguqukayo, bangashintsha kamuva. Lokho kusondele esilinganisweni seminyaka engama-30 ocwaningweni lwamasonto onke lukaFreddie Mac ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2026, okwakungu-7.03% ngoSepthemba 24. Isilinganiso sakho singase sibe phezulu noma siphansi.

Izindleko zonyaka wokuqala zokuqasha nokuthenga i-condo engu- $ 320,000
Izindleko zanyanga zonke	Ukuqasha	Thenga
Ukuqasha	$ 2,000	$ 0
Umshuwalense womqashi	$ 15	$ 0
Uthishanhloko kanye nenzalo (7%, iminyaka engama-30)	$ 0	$ 2,023
Intela yempahla ($ 0.85 nge- $ 100, ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuncishiswa kwe-homestead)	$ 0	$ 227
Imali ye-condo	$ 0	$ 450
Umshuwalense womnikazi we-Condo	$ 0	$ 30
I-PMI	$ 0	$ 125
Ukonga ukulungiswa	$ 0	$ 100
Ingqikithi yenyanga ngayinye	$ 2,015	$ 2,955

$ 320,000 × $ 0.85 ÷ $ 100 = $ 2,720 ngonyaka, noma cishe $ 227 ngenyanga

Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukuba ngumnikazi kubiza cishe ama- $ 940 ngaphezulu ngenyanga kunokuqasha. Imali ye-condo, umshuwalense, i-PMI, nezinombolo zokulungisa yizibonelo. Cela imali yangempela ye-condo bese uthola izingcaphuno zomshuwalense zanoma yiliphi ikhaya olicabangayo.

Imali oyidingayo ngaphambi kokuthola izihluthulelo

Ukuthenga futhi kuthatha imali eningi ekuqaleni. Isibonelo, uKwame no-Ama badinga izici ezilandelayo:

Inkokhelo ephansi: I-5% ye- $ 320,000 ingu- $ 16,000.
Izindleko zokuvala: cishe u- $ 9,000 kulesi sibonelo. Umbolekisi wakho kufanele akunikeze isilinganiso semalimboleko zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Ikhombisa izindleko zakho zangempela zokuvala.
Ukuthutha nokulungiswa kwasekuqaleni noma ifenisha: cishe u- $ 2,000.

$ 16,000 + $ 9,000 + $ 2,000 = $ 27,000 ngaphambi kosuku lokuthuthela

Kufanele futhi bagcine isikhwama esiphuthumayo ngemuva kokukhokha konke lokhu. Izinhlelo e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia zingasiza abathengi bokuqala ngokukhokha phansi nezindleko zokuvala. Bheka isifundo sethu ngosizo lokukhokha phansi.

Ngokomthetho, ungacela umhlinzeki wakho wemalimboleko ngokubhala ukuthi akhansele i-PMI lapho ibhalansi yakho yemalimboleko ihlelelwe ukufinyelela ku-80% wenani lokuqala lekhaya, uma uhlangabezana nemibandela ethile, njengerekhodi elihle lokukhokha. Kulesi sibonelo, lokho kuthatha cishe iminyaka eyi-11.

Isibonelo

Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva: Kubiza malini ukukhetha ngakunye?

Manje cabanga ukuthi uKwame no-Ama kufanele bathuthele ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu. Sicabanga ukuthi irenti ikhuphuka ngo-3% ngonyaka, izindleko zomnikazi ngaphandle kokukhokhwa kwemalimboleko ne-PMI zikhuphuka ngo-3% ngonyaka, inani le-condo likhuphuka ngo-3% ngonyaka, futhi izindleko zokuthengisa zingu-6% wentengo yokuthengisa.

Ukuqasha: $ 127,419 irenti + $ 900 umshuwalense womqashi = $ 128,319

Thenga i-condo bese uyithengisa ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu
Into	Inani
Imali ekuqaleni	$ 27,000
Izindleko zanyanga zonke zezinyanga ezingama-60	$ 180,265
Ingqikithi ekhokhelwayo	$ 207,265
Intengo yokuthengisa ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu	$ 370,968
Izindleko zokuthengisa ezincishisiwe (6%)	- $ 22,258
Ibhalansi yemalimboleko ekhokhelwa ekuthengisweni	- $ 286,160
Ukubuyiselwa kwemali ekuthengisweni	$ 62,550
Izindleko zokuthenga ($ 207,265 - $ 62,550)	$ 144,715

Eminyakeni emihlanu, ukuqasha kubiza u- $ 16,396 ngaphansi. Kungani? Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, uKwame no-Ama bakhokha u- $ 121,351 ngothishanhloko nenzalo, kepha u- $ 103,511 walokho kuyinzalo. Ngu- $ 17,840 kuphela okhokha imalimboleko.

Uma inani le-condo lingakhuphuki nhlobo, imali ebuyiselwa emuva ingu- $ 14,640 kuphela, futhi izindleko zokuthenga zikhuphukela ku- $ 192,625. Amanani asekhaya angahlala eyisicaba noma awe. Futhi, abaqashi bagcina ama- $ 27,000 abo futhi basebenzisa imali encane inyanga ngayinye. Uma begcina leyo mali, ukuqasha kubukeka kungcono nakakhulu kulesi sibonelo.

Indlela ephelele ye-athikili: Isimo Sezulu Senethiwekhi " Isimo Sezulu Senethiwekhi " Kungani Iminyaka Yesikhathi

Izindleko zesikhathi esisodwa zokuthenga nokuthengisa zisakazeka eminyakeni ohlala kuyo. Lapho uhlala isikhathi eside, zincane lezi zindleko zonyaka ngamunye. Uphinde ukhokhe imali ethe xaxa yemalimboleko minyaka yonke. Nasi isibonelo esifanayo ngobude obuhlukile besikhathi, uma inani le-condo likhuphuka ngo-3% ngonyaka.

Izindleko eziphelele zokuqasha vs. izindleko eziphelele zokuthenga, ngeminyaka ehlala
Iminyaka	Ukuqasha	Ukuthenga	Yikuphi okubiza kancane?
3	$ 74,722	$ 99,601	Ukuqasha, ngu- $ 24,879
5	$ 128,319	$ 144,715	Ukuqasha, ngo- $ 16,396
7	$ 185,159	$ 188,737	Ukuqasha, ngu- $ 3,578
8	$ 214,856	$ 210,285	Ukuthenga, ngu- $ 4,571
10	$ 276,933	$ 252,338	Ukuthenga, ngu- $ 24,595

Kulesi sibonelo, iphuzu lokuphuka lifika ngonyaka we-8. Ngamanani ahlukene, amanani, noma izimali, kungafika ngokushesha noma kamuva kakhulu. Uma inani lekhaya lihlala liyisicaba, ukuthenga kubiza kakhulu kunokuqasha yonke iminyaka eyishumi.

Abanye abanikazi bangadonsa inzalo yemali mboleko kanye nentela yempahla ekubuyiselweni kwabo kwentela, kepha kuphela uma befaka ukudonswa. Abantu abaningi bathatha ukuncishiswa okujwayelekile esikhundleni salokho, ngakho-ke abatholi imali eyengeziwe yentela. Umnikazi wentela wamahhala we-VITA angakutshela ukuthi yini esebenzayo kuwe.

Qaphela

Izicupho ezijwayelekile endleleni yokuthenga

"Ukukhokha irenti kungukuchitha imali." Irenti ikhokhela indawo yokuhlala nenkululeko yokuhamba. Eminyakeni yokuqala, iningi lokukhokha imali mboleko liyinzalo, ongalitholi futhi.
Amadili okuqasha noma "ukuqasha-ukuthenga". Ungakhokha imali eyengeziwe njalo ngenyanga ukuze uthenge ikhaya kamuva. Uma uphuthelwa inkokhelo noma ungakwazi ukuthola imali mboleko ngesikhathi, ungalahlekelwa yiyo yonke leyo mali eyengeziwe. Ezinye zalezi zinkontileka nazo zikwenza ukhokhele ukulungiswa. Yiba nomeluleki wezindlu noma ummeli ukuthi abuyekeze noma iyiphi inkontileka ngaphambi kokusayina. E-DC, ungabika amadili angalungile eHhovisi loMmeli Jikelele.
Ukuthenga ikhaya elibiza kakhulu umbolekisi avumayo. Ukuvunywa kombolekisi akuyona isabelomali. Qiniseka ukuthi izindleko ezigcwele zanyanga zonke zikuvumela ukuthi wonge inyanga ngayinye.
Ukweqa amaphepha e-condo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-condo, cela isabelomali senhlangano, ukonga kwayo ukulungiswa, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuhleliwe.

Ngaphezu kwemali, kanye nohlu lokulungela

Imali akuyona ukuphela kombuzo. Cabanga ngalokhu:

Ukuguquguquka: abaqashi bangathuthela kalula emsebenzini omusha noma izidingo zomndeni.
Ukuzinza: abanikazi abahambisana nemali mboleko balawula ikhaya labo futhi abakwazi ukutshelwa ukuthi bahambe lapho isivumelwano sokuqasha siphela.
Ukuhamba: ikhaya elishibhile kude nomsebenzi noma iMetro lingabiza kakhulu ngesikhathi, uphethiloli, kanye nokugibela.
Izikole: e-DC nasezifundeni eziseduze, ikheli lakho livame ukunquma isikole sakho sikahulumeni.
Isikhathi nomsebenzi: abanikazi baphatha noma bakhokhela ukulungiswa ngakunye.

Hlola ibhokisi ngalinye eliyiqiniso kuwe:

Sihlela ukuhlala kule ndawo iminyaka eminingi. Esibonelweni sethu, ukuthenga kwaqala ukubiza kancane kuphela ngonyaka we-8.
Sinemali yokukhokha phansi, izindleko zokuvala, nokuhamba, futhi sizoba nesikhwama esiphuthumayo ngemuva kokuthenga.
Imali engenayo yethu izinzile. Ababolekisi bavame ukubheka iminyaka emibili edlule yomlando womsebenzi. Uma sizisebenzela noma sikhokhelwa ngemali, izimbuyiselo zethu zentela zikhombisa leyo mali engenayo.
Sihlole imibiko yethu yesikweletu kuwo wonke ama-bureaus amathathu wesikweletu mahhala ku-AnnualCreditReport.com futhi salungisa noma yimaphi amaphutha.
Singakwazi ukukhokha izindleko eziphelele zanyanga zonke zokuba ngumnikazi, hhayi nje imali mboleko, futhi silondoloze inyanga ngayinye.
Ezinye izinkokhelo zethu zezikweletu zanyanga zonke ziphansi. Bheka isifundo sethu sokuthola imali mboleko ukuze ufunde ukuthi ababolekisi balinganisa kanjani lokhu.
Sahlangana nomeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD noma sathatha ikilasi lemfundo yabathengi basekhaya.

Ayikho inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi? Izinhlelo eziningi ezijwayelekile zokubolekwa kwemalimboleko, kufaka phakathi imalimboleko ye-FHA, zidinga eyodwa. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2025, imalimboleko ye-FHA nayo ingeyezakhamizi zase-US kuphela, izakhamizi ezisemthethweni ezihlala njalo (abanikazi bekhadi eliluhlaza), namanye amaqembu amancane. Amanye amabhange, izinyunyana zezikweletu, kanye nababolekisi bomphakathi banikeza izikweletu kubabolekisi abane-ITIN. Umeluleki wezindlu angakusiza ukuthi uzithole.

Ithiphu

Qala ngomeluleki wezindlu, hhayi umthengisi

Umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD usebenzela inhlangano engenzi nzuzo noma i-ejensi yomphakathi, hhayi umbolekisi noma umthengisi. Umeluleki angadlula isabelomali sakho, isikweletu, kanye nokonga, futhi angakutshela ngezinhlelo zabathengi bokuqala eDC, Maryland, noma eVirginia. Izinhlelo eziningi zosizo lokukhokha phansi zidinga ikilasi lemfundo yabathengi basekhaya, futhi abeluleki bavame ukufundisa. Sesha ngekhodi ye-ZIP nge-CFPB's housing counselor finder.

Uma uphuthelwe amanye amabhokisi ohlwini, lokho kujwayelekile. Sebenzisa iminyaka yakho yokuqasha ukonga, ukwakha isikweletu sakho, futhi ukhokhe isikweletu. Bese uhlola uhlu futhi ngonyaka ozayo.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Inkokhelo yemali mboleko iyingxenye yezindleko kuphela. Engeza intela yempahla, umshuwalense, imali ye-condo noma ye-HOA, umshuwalense wemalimboleko, nokulungiswa.
Ukuthenga kunezindleko ezinkulu zesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ukuthengisa ikhaya kubiza imali. Yingakho ukuhlala okufushane kuvame ukuthanda ukuqasha.
Isibonelo sethu, ukuqasha kubiza kancane eminyakeni eyisikhombisa yokuqala. Ukuthenga kubiza kancane kuphela ngemuva kwalokho, futhi kuphela ngoba inani lekhaya likhuphukile.
Eminyakeni yokuqala yemalimboleko, iningi lenkokhelo ngayinye iya kwinzalo, ngakho-ke wakha ukulingana kancane kancane.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo, hlangana nomeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD. Usizo luvame ukuba mahhala noma lube nezindleko eziphansi.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ukuthenga Ikhaya: Amathuluzi Nezinsiza Zabathengi Bezindlu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Imihlahlandlela yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokulungiselela ukuthenga, ukuqhathanisa ukunikezwa kwemalimboleko, nokuqonda isilinganiso sakho semalimboleko namaphepha okuvala.
Thola umeluleki wezindlu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Sesha ngekhodi ye-ZIP yabeluleki bezindlu abavunyelwe yi-HUD abasiza ngokuthenga, ukuqasha, kanye nesikweletu, imvamisa ngezindleko ezincane noma ezingenamali.
Amanani entela yempahla yangempela (Enye iwebhusayithi)
DC Office of Tax and Revenue · Ulimi: English

Intela yamanje ye-DC, ngakho-ke ungalinganisa intela yekhaya ocabanga ukuyithenga.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.