Imibiko Yesikweletu Nezikweletu · Isifundo 2 3

Yakha isikweletu kusuka ku-Zero

Uhlelo lwenyanga ngenyanga lokuthola amaphuzu wesikweletu wokuqala, ngezindleko eziqhathaniswa, kwabafikayo, abantu abadala abasha, abanikazi be-ITIN nanoma ngubani ongenawo umlando wesikweletu. (About 16 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Chaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini isikweletu esingabonakali nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuqasha, imisebenzi kanye nemalimboleko.
Qhathanisa amakhadi avikelwe, imalimboleko yokwakha isikweletu, ama-akhawunti womsebenzisi agunyaziwe, imibuthano yokubolekisa kanye nokubika kwerenti.
Chaza ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani isicelo sesikweletu nge-ITIN kubabolekisi abamukelayo.
Landela uhlelo lwenyanga ngenyanga ukuze uthole amaphuzu wesikweletu wokuqala.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa indlela yokwakha isikweletu ngamathuluzi afana namakhadi avikelekile kanye nomlando wesikweletu ohlukile. Lesi sifundo sikunikeza uhlelo lwenyanga ngenyanga, ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko nezinombolo zangempela, nezinyathelo zabasanda kufika nabanikazi be-ITIN.

Amagama okumele wazi

Isikweletu esingabonakali (Credit invisible): Awunawo umlando wesikweletu kunoma yimaphi amahhovisi amathathu esikweletu kazwelonke.
Ifayela elincane (Thin file): Umbiko wesikweletu one-akhawunti embalwa kakhulu. Kungaba mncane kakhulu ukukhiqiza amaphuzu wesikweletu.
Ikhadi lesikweletu eliphephile (Secured credit card): Ikhadi lesikweletu elidinga idiphozi yemali. Idiphozi ivame ukubeka umkhawulo wakho wesikweletu.
Credit-builder loan: Imalimboleko encane egcinwe kwi-akhawunti yokonga ekhiyiwe ngenkathi usenza izinkokhelo. Uthola imali ekugcineni.
Umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe (Authorized user): Umuntu ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa ikhadi lesikweletu lomunye umuntu. Umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe ngokuvamile akabophezelekile ukukhokha i-bill.
ITIN: Inombolo yokuhlonza umkhokhi wentela ngabanye. Inombolo yentela enamadijithi ayi-9 evela ku-IRS kubantu abangakwazi ukuthola inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi.

Ayikho isikweletu asikho isikweletu esibi, kepha singakubiza imali

Uma kungekho neyodwa kulezi zinkampani ezintathu zezikweletu ezweni lonke ezinefayela kuwe, awubonakali ngesikweletu. Uma ifayela lakho line-akhawunti eyodwa noma ezimbili ezintsha, ungaba nefayela elincane, elingaba lincane kakhulu ukukhiqiza amaphuzu. Iphuzu lesikweletu yinombolo, imvamisa kusuka ku-300 kuye ku-850, elivela embikweni wakho wesikweletu. Kusiza ababolekisi ukuthi baqagele ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukhokhe ngesikhathi, futhi amaphuzu aphakeme ngokuvamile asho izindleko eziphansi zokuboleka. Abantu abaningi bakuleli qembu: abasanda kufika e-United States, abantu abadala abasha, nabantu abakhokhela konke ngemali.

Ukungabi namaphuzu akufani nokuba namaphuzu amabi. Noma kunjalo, kungakubiza imali:

Imali mboleko namakhadi: Ababolekisi bangakwenqaba noma bakukhokhise isilinganiso senzalo ephezulu.
Izindlu: Abanikazi bezindlu bangahlola isikweletu sakho ngaphambi kokuqasha kuwe.
Imisebenzi: Abanye abaqashi bahlola isikweletu. E-DC, abaqashi abaningi bangase bangaceli noma basebenzise imininingwane yakho yesikweletu lapho bethatha izinqumo zomsebenzi, ngaphandle kokunye. Ungabika ukwephulwa kwehhovisi le-DC Lamalungelo Abantu.

Eminye imikhuba emihle osuvele unayo ingahle ingabalwa. Izinkokhelo zokuqasha, zocingo kanye nezinkokhelo zosizo ngokuvamile aziveli emibiko yesikweletu ngaphandle kokuthi inkampani ibike. Amakhadi asebhange namakhadi akhokhelwa kusengaphambili awakhi isikweletu, ngoba awuboleki imali. Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha ayisizi noma, ngoba izinkokhelo azibikwa kumahhovisi wesikweletu. Abathengisi bezimoto ababoleka imali yabo (kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi ukuthenga lapha, khokha lapha) bavame ukubika izinkokhelo sekwephuzile kuphela, hhayi izinkokhelo ngesikhathi.

Izindlela Ezinhlanu Zokuqala Ukuqhathanisa

Udinga kuphela eyodwa noma ezimbili zalezi zinto. Khetha eyodwa ehambisana nesabelomali sakho futhi ebika izinkokhelo zakho kuma-bureaus wesikweletu.

Amathuluzi wokwakha isikweletu ngokuqhathaniswa
Ithuluzi	Isebenza kanjani	Bheka
Ikhadi lesikweletu eliphephile	Ukhokha idiphozi yemali, isibonelo u- $ 300. Idiphozi ivame ukuba ngumkhawulo wakho wesikweletu. Usebenzisa ikhadi bese ukhokha i-bill. Uthola idiphozi lapho uvala i-akhawunti futhi ungakweleti lutho, noma lapho uthuthela ekhadini elijwayelekile.	Imali yonyaka noma yenyanga. Buza ukuthi ibika yini kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu nokuthi ungathuthela ekhadini elijwayelekile kamuva.
Credit-builder loan	Imvamisa evela enhlanganweni yesikweletu noma engenzi nzuzo. Umbolekisi ubeka imalimboleko encane, imvamisa u- $ 300 kuya ku- $ 1,000, ku-akhawunti yokonga evaliwe. Ukhokha izinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-24. Ngemuva kwalokho uthola imali.	Inzalo nezindleko. Inkokhelo elahlekile ilimaza isikweletu sakho esikhundleni sokusiza.
Umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe	Ilungu lomndeni noma umngane likwengeza ku-akhawunti yabo yekhadi lesikweletu. Ngokuvamile, awunaso isibopho sokukhokha isikweletu.	Buza inkampani yamakhadi ukuthi ibika abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe kuma-bureaus wesikweletu. Izinkokhelo zomnikazi sekwedlule isikhathi noma ibhalansi ephezulu kungalimaza isikweletu sakho. Yisebenzise njengesinyathelo sokuqala, hhayi isinyathelo sakho kuphela.
Umbuthano wokubolekisa	Iqembu ngalinye labantu likhokha esikhwameni esabelwana ngaso njalo ngenyanga. Njalo ngenyanga, ilungu elilodwa lithola yonke imali. Ezinye izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ziqhuba imibuthano yokubolekisa futhi zibika yonke inkokhelo kumahhovisi esikweletu.	Umndeni noma umndeni wakha isikweletu kuphela uma othile ebika izinkokhelo okungenani kuhhovisi elilodwa lesikweletu.
Ukubika kwerenti	Umnikazi wakho, noma insizakalo oyibhaliselayo, ibika izinkokhelo zakho zokuqasha okungenani kuhhovisi elilodwa lesikweletu.	Buza ukuthi yimaphi ama-bureaus athola idatha, uma kukhona imali, nokuthi ngabe izinkokhelo sekwephuzile zibikwa yini. Akuwona wonke amaphuzu esikweletu abala izinkokhelo zerenti.

Isibonelo esisodwa sohlelo lwe-lending circle: i-Mission Asset Fund engenzi nzuzo iqhuba i-Lending Circles namaqembu abalingani. Ithi imalimboleko yayo ayinayo inzalo, ibika izinkokhelo kuma-bureaus amathathu amakhulu ezikweletu, futhi abantu abane-ITIN bangayisebenzisa ukwakha isikweletu.

Isibonelo

Kubiza mali: ikhadi eliphephile noma imalimboleko yokwakha isikweletu

USamuel usebenza endaweni yokudlela eSilver Spring futhi ukhokhelwa ngokwengxenye ngemali. Une- $ 300 elondoloziwe. Uqhathanisa izipesheli ezimbili ezivela kwinyunyana yakhe yesikweletu. Lezi yizinombolo zezibonelo. Njalo buza izindleko zangempela ngokubhala.

Izindleko zonyaka wokuqala zikaSamuel zamathuluzi amabili okwakha isikweletu
Into	Ikhadi elivikelekile	Credit-builder loan
Imali ayifaka	$ 300 idiphozi	$ 636 Izinkokhelo
Imali ayitholayo	$ 300	$ 600
Imali yonyaka	$ 0	$ 0
Isithakazelo	$ 0	$ 36
Izindleko zonyaka	$ 0	$ 36

$ 53 × izinyanga eziyi-12 = $ 636 ikhokhwe; $ 636 - $ 600 ibuyile = $ 36 izindleko

Ikhadi elivikelekile alibizi lutho uma uSamuel ekhetha ikhadi ngaphandle kwemali yonyaka futhi akhokhe ibhalansi ephelele njalo ngenyanga. Ubuyisela idiphozi yakhe lapho evala ikhadi futhi engakweleti lutho, noma lapho ethuthela ekhadini elijwayelekile. Imali mboleko ibiza u- $ 36, kepha isebenza njengohlelo lokonga: ekugcineni une- $ 600. Bobabili bakha isikweletu uma babikwa kumahhovisi. Uma uSamuel engenalo u- $ 300 wediphozi, imalimboleko ingaba yindlela elula yokuqala.

Abanikazi be-ITIN nabanikazi be-ITIN

I-ITIN iyinombolo yentela evela ku-IRS yabantu abangakwazi ukuthola inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi. Ungakha umlando wesikweletu wase-US nge-ITIN. Ezinye izinkampani zamakhadi nabanye ababolekisi bamukela i-ITIN kuzicelo zesikweletu. Akubona bonke abakwenzayo, futhi imithetho ihlukile kumbolekisi ngamunye. Kusukela ngoJuni 2026, abalawuli bakahulumeni bacele amabhange ukuthi abheke amakhasimende asebenzisa i-ITIN. Abanye bangacela eminye imibhalo noma bathi cha, ngakho-ke buza ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Thatha lolu hlu lwemibuzo nawe:

Ngabe uyakwamukela i-ITIN yaleli khadi noma imalimboleko?
Ngabe ubika izinkokhelo ku-Equifax, Experian neTransUnion?
Yiziphi izimali ezikhokhwayo, inyanga ngayinye nangonyaka?
Ikhadi elivikelwe: iyiphi idiphozi encane kunazo zonke, futhi ngingathuthela nini ekhadini elijwayelekile?
Yimiphi imibhalo engiyidingayo, njengepasipoti, i-ID ye-consular noma ubufakazi bekheli?

Sebenzisa isipelingi esifanayo segama lakho, usuku olufanayo lokuzalwa nekheli lakho lamanje kuzo zonke izicelo. Lokhu kusiza ama-credit bureaus ukugcina wonke ama-akhawunti akho kufayela elilodwa.

Isikweletu esivela kwelinye izwe: Umlando wakho wesikweletu ovela kwelinye izwe awuveli emibiko yesikweletu yase-US. Ababolekisi abambalwa base-US basebenza nezinkampani ezingabheka umlando wesikweletu ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Buza umbolekisi ukuthi angakwenza yini lokhu. Uma kungenzeki, qala ngelinye lamathuluzi angenhla.

Isibonelo

Inyanga nenyanga: Ikhwalithi yokuqala ka-Aisha

U-Aisha wathuthela eTakoma Park futhi usebenza ehhotela. Une-ITIN futhi akanawo umlando wesikweletu wase-US. Nansi uhlelo lwakhe. Ungalandela izinyathelo ezifanayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale: Thola imibiko yakho kusuka kuhhovisi ngalinye ukuze ubone ukuthi usuvele unayo ifayela. Ngaphandle kwenombolo yokuphepha komphakathi, buza ngeposi. Gcina imali yediphozithi uma uyidinga.
Inyanga 1: Vula i-akhawunti eyodwa ebika kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu. U-Aisha uvula ikhadi elivikelekile elinomkhawulo we- $ 300. Ubeka inkokhelo ezenzakalelayo kusuka ku-akhawunti yakhe yokuhlola ibhalansi ephelele esitatimendeni ngasinye.
Izinyanga 1 kuya ku-6: Sebenzisa ikhadi nge-bill eyodwa encane, ejwayelekile, njenge-$ 30 bill yefoni. Gcina ibhalansi ingaphansi kwe-30% yomkhawulo. Ekhadini le- $ 300, lokho kusho ukuthi kungaphansi kwe- $ 90. Amaphuzu wesikweletu abheka ukuthi ungakanani umkhawulo wakho owusebenzisayo, obizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu, futhi ukusebenzisa ingxenye encane kuphela kusiza amaphuzu akho. Khokha ibhalansi ephelele ngosuku olufanele njalo ngenyanga.
Inyanga 6: Hlola imibiko yakho kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-akhawunti entsha ikhona futhi ilungile. Isilinganiso se-FICO sidinga okungenani i-akhawunti eyodwa evuliwe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu, futhi okungenani i-akhawunti eyodwa ibikwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Ngakho-ke, ungathola amaphuzu akho okuqala.
Izinyanga 7 kuya ku-12: Qhubeka usebenzisa ikhadi ngamanani amancane futhi ukhokhe ngesikhathi. Buza ukuthi ungathuthela ekhadini elijwayelekile bese ubuyisela idiphozi yakho. Ungafaki isicelo sama-akhawunti amaningi amasha ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngemuva kwenyanga ye-12: Uma uyidinga, engeza uhlobo lwesibili, oluhlukile lwesikweletu, njengemalimboleko yokwakha isikweletu. Gcina i-akhawunti yakho endala ivulekile.

Umkhawulo we- $ 300 × 30% = $ 90, ngakho-ke gcina ibhalansi ingaphansi kwe- $ 90

U-Aisha angawabona kuphi amaphuzu akhe? Izinkampani eziningi zamakhadi wesikweletu zinikeza amakhasimende azo amaphuzu wesikweletu wamahhala. Abeluleki bezindlu abavunyelwe yi-HUD kanye nabeluleki bezikweletu abangenzi nzuzo bavame ukukunikeza umbiko wesikweletu wamahhala namaphuzu, futhi.

Qaphela

Izicupho okufanele uzigweme

Imali ephezulu. Amanye amakhadi nemikhiqizo yomakhi wesikweletu ikhokhisa imali yanyanga zonke, imali yokusetha noma imali yonyaka. Hlanganisa zonke izimali zonyaka owodwa bese uziqhathanisa nekhadi eliphephile elingenayo imali yonyaka.
Izithembiso zamaphuzu asheshayo. Ukwakha isikweletu kuthatha izinyanga. Akekho ongakunikeza amaphuzu amahle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ubunikazi obusha besikweletu. Abanye abathengisi banikeza inombolo entsha yokusebenzisa esikhundleni senombolo yakho yokuphepha kwezenhlalo noma i-ITIN. Ukusebenzisa inombolo engeyona eyakho ukufaka isicelo sesikweletu akukho emthethweni. Ungase ubhekane nenhlawulo noma ejele.
Isikweletu esiningi kakhulu ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuvula ama-akhawunti amasha amaningi ngesikhathi esifushane kunganciphisa amaphuzu akho futhi kwenze ababolekisi bakhathazeke.

Abakhohlisi bavame ukukhomba abantu abasha ezweni. Bheka imikhonyovu ebhekiswe kubantu abasha.

Ithiphu

Usizo lwamahhala oluseduze nawe

E-DC, uMnyango Womshuwalense, Ukuphepha kanye Namabhange unikeza izinhlelo zemfundo yezezimali ngeHhovisi layo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezezimali Nemfundo. E-Maryland, i-CASH Campaign yaseMaryland inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezezimali kwamahhala. Noma kuphi esifundeni, ungathola umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD ongabuyekeza isikweletu sakho ngezindleko ezincane noma ngaphandle kwemali. Udinga i-akhawunti yasebhange noma yenyunyana yesikweletu kuqala? Bona ukuthi ungayivula kanjani i-akhawunti.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ukuba nomlando wesikweletu akufani nokuba nesikweletu esibi, kepha kungakubiza imali.
Qala ngomkhiqizo owodwa obika kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu wesikweletu. Yisebenzise ngemali encane futhi ukhokhe ngesikhathi njalo ngenyanga.
Abanye ababolekisi bamukela i-ITIN. Buza ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
Isilinganiso sokuqala se-FICO sivame ukuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha zomlando obikiwe.
Hlala kude nezindleko eziphezulu, izithembiso zamaphuzu asheshayo, nanoma ngubani othengisa ubunikazi obusha besikweletu.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuqala noma ukwakha kabusha umlando omuhle wesikweletu? (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Ichaza amakhadi avikelwe, izikweletu zokwakha isikweletu namakhadi esitolo, nokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo engasizi ukwakha isikweletu.
Isikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Amakhasi olimi olucacile wokuthi ungayakha kanjani, uhlole futhi uthuthukise isikweletu sakho, abhalelwe abantu abadala abafunda isiNgisi.
Crédito (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Amakhasi acacile aseSpain mayelana nokuthi ungayakha kanjani, uthuthukise, futhi uhlole isikweletu sakho.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.