Izisekelo zemali: Hlela, Landelela, futhi Londoloze · Isifundo 1 2

Yakha uhlelo lokutshala imali oluhambisana nempilo yakho yangempela

Uhlelo lwenyanga ngesinyathelo lwesampuli yomndeni wendawo ye-DC, kufaka phakathi amathiphu, umsebenzi wemali, amaholo angalingani, nemali ethunyelwe emndenini. (About 15 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Yakha uhlelo lokuchitha imali yanyanga zonke kanye nokonga kusuka kumali engenayo kanye nezikweletu, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Hlela ngemali engenayo eshintshayo, njengamathiphu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-gig, umsebenzi wemali, noma imisebenzi yonyaka.
Faka imali oyithumelayo noma oyinika umndeni njengendleko ehleliwe esikhundleni sokumangala.
Lungisa uhlelo ngenyanga ngemali eyengeziwe futhi ngenyanga encane.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa ukulandelela imali engenayo nezindleko zakho nokwenza uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imali. Lesi sifundo sikhombisa uhlelo oluphelele lwesisebenzi sendawo ye-DC esineholo elishintshayo, nendlela elula yokuhlela izinyanga ngemali eyengeziwe nezinyanga ezincane.

Amagama okumele wazi

Uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali (Spending plan): Uhlelo lokuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani imali olindele ukuyithola inyanga ngayinye, kufaka phakathi izikweletu, ukonga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali. Kubizwa nangokuthi isabelomali.
Inkokhelo Yasekhaya (Take-home pay): Imali oyitholayo ngemuva kwentela nokunye ukuncishiswa kuphuma emholweni wakho.
Imali engenayo engajwayelekile (Irregular income): Imali engenayo eshintsha isonto nesonto noma inyanga nenyanga, njengamathiphu, imali engenayo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-gig, umsebenzi wemali, noma imisebenzi yonyaka.
Inyanga eyisisekelo (Baseline month): Inyanga yakho ephansi kakhulu yemali engenayo. Wakha uhlelo lwakho lokusebenzisa imali kule mali ukuze izikweletu zakho zimbozwe ezinyangeni eziningi.
Isibopho (Obligation): Inkokhelo oyithembise umuntu, njengemali mboleko, imali yesondlo sezingane, imali oyithembise umndeni wakho, noma intela ozoyikweleta.
I-akhawunti yezikweletu (Bills account): I-akhawunti ehlukile, noma imvilophu uma usebenzisa ukheshi, egcina imali kuphela yezikweletu ezihleliwe zanyanga zonke kuze kube yilapho kufanelekile.
Imali ye-Overdraft (Overdraft fee): Imali ekhokhwa yibhange noma inyunyana yesikweletu engakhokhisa uma ukhokha okuthile ngemali engaphezulu kunaleyo onayo ku-akhawunti yakho.
I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti onyaka) (APR (annual percentage rate)): Izindleko zonyaka zokuboleka imali, kufaka phakathi inzalo kanye nezimali eziningi, zikhonjiswe njengephesenti.

Qala ngenyanga yakho eyisisekelo

Uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali lukhombisa ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani imali olindele ukuyithola inyanga ngayinye. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukufaka uhlu lwemali engenayo nezindleko zakho. Ingxenye enzima iza lapho imali yakho ishintsha. Amathiphu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-gig, imisebenzi yemali, nomsebenzi wezikhathi ezithile ungenza inyanga ngayinye ihluke.

Impendulo ukuhlela inyanga eyisisekelo. Le yinyanga yakho ephansi kakhulu yemali engenayo. Akuyona inyanga yakho engcono kakhulu, futhi akuyona isilinganiso sakho. Uma uhlela ngokwesilinganiso sakho, ezinye izinyanga ngeke zibe nemali eyanele yezikweletu zakho. Uma uhlela ngenyanga yakho ephansi kakhulu, izikweletu zakho zimbozwe ezinyangeni eziningi, futhi unquma kusengaphambili ukuthi yini okumele uyenze nganoma yikuphi okungeziwe.

Thola imali engenayo ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12 ezedlule. Sebenzisa ama-stubs wokukhokha, izitatimende zasebhange, imibiko yemali engenayo kusuka kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza, noma incwajana lapho ubhala khona imali.
Bala kuphela inkokhelo ethatha ekhaya: imali oyitholayo ngemuva kwentela nokunye ukudonswa.
Thola inyanga yakho ephansi kakhulu. Yilokho okuyisisekelo sakho. Uma leyo nyanga ibingajwayelekile kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, ubugula amasonto amathathu), sebenzisa inyanga yakho yesibili ephansi kakhulu.
Awekho amarekhodi okwamanje? Bhala phansi wonke amadola owathola emasontweni amane alandelayo, kufaka phakathi imali. Qala ngaleyo mali, bese uyibuyekeza njengoba ufunda kabanzi.

Isibonelo

Izindawo eziqashwayo zeholide ezinconywa kakhulu e- Carlos

UCarlos uhlala eLangley Park, eMaryland, futhi wabelana ngefulethi elinamakamelo amabili nomzala wakhe. Ungumpheki womugqa endaweni yokudlela eColumbia Heights, eDC, futhi ukhokhelwa njalo emavikini amabili. Ubuye athole amathiphu, futhi ngezinye izimpelasonto upende amafulethi ngemali. Njalo ngenyanga uthumela imali kumama wakhe e-El Salvador.

Izinketho kanambambili ongakhetha kanambambili ongakhetha kanambambili
Imali engenayo	Inani
Izinkokhelo ezimbili ezivela endaweni yokudlela (inkokhelo yasekhaya)	$ 1,800
Amathiphu (inyanga ejwayelekile ephansi kakhulu)	$ 300
Umsebenzi wokudweba imali (inyanga ejwayelekile ephansi kakhulu)	$ 300
Imali engenayo eyisisekelo	$ 2,400

Izinketho zamasheya zikaCarlos zanyanga zonke
Uhlobo	Kuyini	Inani
Isidingo	Ukuqasha (isigamu sakhe)	$ 1,050
Isidingo	Ugesi ne-Inthanethi (isigamu sakho)	$ 85
Isidingo	Izinto zokudla nezinto zasendlini	$ 380
Isidingo	I-Metro nebhasi	$ 110
Isidingo	Ucingo	$ 45
Isidingo	Izingubo, izinwele kanye nemithi	$ 70
Isibopho	Imali kamama wakhe, kanye nemali yokudlulisela	$ 210
Isibopho	Inkokhelo yekhadi lesikweletu	$ 50
Isibopho	Beka eceleni intela yomsebenzi wemali (20% ye- $ 300)	$ 60
Ukonga	Isikhwama esiphuthumayo	$ 100
Ukonga	Izindleko zonyaka (umshuwalense womqashi, izipho)	$ 40
Ufuna	Ukudla nokujabula nabangani	$ 130
Ufuna	Isevisi yokusakaza	$ 15
Okwengeziwe	Okungeziwe kwezimanga	$ 55
Ingqikithi		$ 2,400

Imali engenayo engu- $ 2,400 - $ 2,400 ehleliwe = $ 0 esele ukuhlela

Idola ngalinye manje linendawo yalo. Ukonga kanye nokumangala okungeziwe kuyingxenye yohlelo.

Izidingo, izibopho, ukonga kanye nezifiso

Ukuhlunga izindleko zakho kukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yini okufanele uyivikele nokuthi yini okufanele uyinciphise uma imali iphansi.

Izidingo: Izinto okufanele ube nazo ukuze uphile futhi usebenze: izindlu, izinsiza, ukudla, indlela yokuya emsebenzini, ucingo, nemithi eyisisekelo.
Izibopho: Izinkokhelo ozithembise umuntu: ukukhokha kwemalimboleko nekhadi lesikweletu, ukusekelwa kwengane, imali oyithembise umndeni wakho, nezintela ozozikweleta.
Ukonga: Imali yezimo eziphuthumayo, imigomo, nezindleko eziza kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, njengomshuwalense womqashi noma izipho. Yifake ohlelweni njenge-bill, ngakho-ke ayishiywa okokugcina.
Izimfuno: Izinto ezenza impilo ibe ngcono kodwa ongayenza ngaphandle kwesikhashana: ukudla ngaphandle, izingubo ezintsha, ukusakaza, nohambo.

Imali yomndeni isibopho. Uma umndeni wakho uncike kuwe njalo ngenyanga, hlela leyo mali njalo ngenyanga, okufanayo nomthethosivivinywa, bese ufaka imali yokudlulisa. Khona-ke akumangalisi. Ukuze wehlise imali, qhathanisa izinsizakalo ngaphambi kokuthumela. Bheka isifundo sokuthumela imali phesheya.

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2026, intela kahulumeni engu-1% isebenza lapho ukhokhela ukudluliselwa kwemali kwelinye izwe ngemali, i-oda lemali, noma isheke le-cashier. Ku- $ 200, lokho kungu- $ 2. Intela ayisebenzi uma ukhokha kusuka ku-akhawunti yasebhange noma yenyunyana yesikweletu noma ngekhadi lasebhange.

Umsebenzi wemali udinga umugqa wentela. Uma imali oyitholayo ngokuzisebenzela wena, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wemali, ingu- $ 400 noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka, ngokuvamile ukweleta intela yokuziqasha engu-15.3% kwabaningi babo, futhi intela yemali engenayo ingasebenza futhi. UCarlos ubeka eceleni u-20% wenkokhelo yakhe yemali, kepha lokho kuyisibonelo nje. Lapho ufaka, usizo lwentela lwamahhala oluvela kusayithi le-VITA lungakukhombisa ukuthi ukweleta malini, ngakho-ke ungakhetha inani elingcono lonyaka ozayo. Bheka isifundo sentela ye-gig nomsebenzi wemali.

Isibonelo

Inyanga eyodwa ngemali eyengeziwe, nenyanga encane

Lapho imali eyengeziwe ingena

UCarlos wanquma kusengaphambili ukuthi imali eyengeziwe iya kuphi. Ngo-Okthoba, amathiphu akhe ayengu- $ 600 futhi umdwebo wakhokha u- $ 500. Lokho kungu- $ 500 ngaphezulu kwenyanga yakhe eyisisekelo.

Lapho uCarlos abeka khona u- $ 500 wemali eyengeziwe
Isinyathelo	Inani
Okokuqala: intela emsebenzini wemali eyengeziwe (20% yemali eyengeziwe engu- $ 200)	$ 40
Isikhwama esiphuthumayo (isigamu salokho okusele)	$ 230
Inkokhelo eyengeziwe ekhadini lakho lesikweletu (ikota eyodwa)	$ 115
Ifuno (ikota eyodwa)	$ 115
Imali engenayo eyengeziwe ephelele	$ 500

Inyanga Eyodwa Kuletha Imali Engapheli

NgoJanuwari, indawo yokudlela yayingatasa. Amathiphu ayengama- $ 150 kuphela, futhi kwakungekho msebenzi wokupenda. UCarlos wayenama- $ 450 ngaphansi kwenyanga yakhe eyisisekelo. Walandela uhlelo lwakhe, ngale ndlela:

Izinketho zamasheya ngenyanga: $ 145.
Sebenzisa imali eyengeziwe ukuze uthole izimanga: $ 55.
Awukho umsebenzi wemali okusho ukuthi ayikho intela okufanele uyibekele eceleni kule nyanga: $ 60.
Ikhefu ukonga izimo eziphuthumayo nezindleko zonyaka ngenyanga eyodwa: $ 140.
Thatha u- $ 50 wokugcina esitokisini sakho se-akhawunti yezikweletu, bese uyibuyisela emuva ngenyanga ezayo.

$ 145 + $ 55 + $ 60 + $ 140 + $ 50 = $ 450

UCarlos akazange athinte irenti, izinsiza, ukudla, noma imali umama wakhe ancike kuyo. Uma ungakwazi ukukhokha umthethosivivinywa ngokugcwele, shayela inkampani ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe bese ubuza ngohlelo lokukhokha.

Sebenzisa i-akhawunti yezikweletu lapho inkokhelo ikhuphuka futhi yehla

I-akhawunti yezikweletu yi-akhawunti yesibili, noma imvilophu uma usebenzisa ukheshi, ephethe imali kuphela yezikweletu ezihleliwe. Izikweletu ezihleliwe ziyimali efanayo njalo ngenyanga. Lapho inkokhelo ingena ngezikhathi ezahlukene nangamanani ahlukene, i-akhawunti yezikweletu igcina imali ye-bill iphephile kuze kube usuku olubekiwe.

Engeza izikweletu zakho zanyanga zonke. KuCarlos: ukuqasha u- $ 1,050, ugesi ne-inthanethi $ 85, ifoni $ 45, ikhadi lesikweletu $ 50, nemali kamama wakhe $ 210. Ingqikithi: $ 1,440.
Hlukanisa ngenani lamasheke omtholayo ezinyangeni eziningi. UCarlos uthola ezimbili: $ 1,440 ÷ 2 = $ 720 kusuka ku-paycheck ngayinye.
Ngosuku lokukhokha, hambisa leyo mali ku-akhawunti yezikweletu ngokushesha. Amabhange amaningi nezinyunyana zezikweletu zikuvumela ukuthi usethe lokhu ukuze kwenzeke ngokwako.
Khokha izikweletu kuphela kusuka ku-akhawunti yezikweletu. Sebenzisa enye i-akhawunti yakho, kanye namathiphu nomsebenzi wemali, ukudla, iMetro, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Yakha isitoreji sokuqala: zama ukugcina isonto elilodwa elengeziwe lemali ye-bill ku-akhawunti yezikweletu.

Ikhokhelwa njalo emavikini amabili? Eminyakeni eminingi, izinyanga ezimbili zinezinsuku ezintathu zokukhokha. Ungabali inkokhelo yesithathu esisekelweni sakho. Yisebenzise ukwakha isikhwama sakho sezikweletu noma isikhwama sakho esiphuthumayo.

Ikhokhelwe ngemali? Yifake ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Imali e-akhawunti yomshuwalense iphephile kunemali ekhaya, futhi amadiphozithi akunikeza irekhodi lemali engenayo. Amanye amabhange nezinyunyana zezikweletu zivula ama-akhawunti nge-ITIN noma ipasipoti. Bheka isifundo sokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange, ngisho nangaphandle kwenombolo yokuphepha komphakathi.

Qaphela

Izicupho lapho imali iphansi

Lapho inyanga iletha okuncane, ukunikezwa kwemali okusheshayo kungabukeka njengosizo. Abaningi babo bathatha imali kusukela ngenyanga ezayo.

Ukuhlela inyanga yakho engcono kakhulu. Uhlelo olwakhiwe enyangeni enkulu luhluleka ngenyanga ejwayelekile. Sebenzisa isisekelo sakho.
Imali ye-Overdraft. Uma usebenzisa imali engaphezu kwebhalansi yakho, ibhange lakho lingakhokhisa imali yokuthenga ngakunye. Hlola ibhalansi yakho ngaphambi kokukhokha, bese ubuza ibhange lakho ukuthi imali yayo ye-overdraft isebenza kanjani.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Paycheck kusengaphambili. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zikhokhisa imali yokulethwa okusheshayo noma zicele "ithiphu". Imali encane ekuthuthukisweni okuncane ingalingana ne-APR ephezulu kakhulu. Kusengaphambili nakho kuphuma ekukhokheni kwakho okulandelayo, ngakho-ke isikhathi sakho sokukhokha esilandelayo siqala ngokuncane.
Imalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha online. I-DC neMaryland bakhawulela inzalo kumalimboleko amancane amaningi, kanti iVirginia ikhawulela izindleko zemalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane. Kepha ababolekisi be-inthanethi abangenamalayisense basanikeza imalimboleko ngemali ephakeme kakhulu. Bheka isifundo semalimboleko ephezulu.

Ithiphu

Imizuzu eyi-10 yokuhlola ngesonto

Khetha usuku olufanayo masonto onke, ngokwesibonelo ngeSonto kusihlwa, bese usetha isikhumbuzi efonini yakho. Bese uhlola lezi zinto ezinhlanu:

Bhala phansi yonke imali engenayo kuleli sonto, kufaka phakathi amathiphu nemali.
Bheka ukuthi yini oyisebenzisile. Sebenzisa amarisidi, uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwebhange, noma incwajana yokubhala imali.
Qhathanisa necebo lakho. Yimiphi imigqa ephelile? Yikuphi okuphansi?
Bheka izikweletu ezifanele emasontweni amabili azayo. Ngabe kukhona okwanele ku-akhawunti yezikweletu?
Khetha ushintsho oluncane ngesonto elizayo, uma uludinga.

Uhlelo akudingeki luphelele. Umgomo ukubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi, ngenkathi kunesikhathi sokuzilungisa.

Izindleko eziphansi kanye nosizo lwamahhala oluseduze nawe

I-Metro Lift. Uma uthola izinzuzo zokudla ze-SNAP ezivela ku-DC, Maryland, noma eVirginia, ungabhalisa ku-Metro Lift futhi ukhokhe isigamu sentengo yohambo lweMetrobus neMetrorail. Isaphulelo asisebenzi kumapasi noma emabhasini esifunda afana neTheBus neRide On. Uma uCarlos ethola i-SNAP futhi lonke uhambo lwakhe lwaluseMetrobus naseMetrorail, u- $ 110 wakhe ngenyanga ungahle wehle cishe ku- $ 55.

Siza ngohlelo lwakho. Umqeqeshi wezezimali angakusiza ukwakha uhlelo lwakho lokuqala futhi uqhubeke nokulusebenzisa. La maqembu endawo angasiza:

I-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia: I-Latino Economic Development Center (LEDC) inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezezimali kwamahhala ngesiNgisi nangeSpanishi. Shayela i-202-540-7400.
I-DC: IHhovisi likahulumeni we-DC le-Financial Empowerment and Education liqhuba izinhlelo zemfundo yezezimali, kufaka phakathi i-Financial-Fit DC.
Maryland: I-CASH Campaign yaseMaryland ixhuma izakhamizi zaseMaryland ngokuqeqeshwa kwezezimali kwamahhala.
INyakatho Virginia: I-Britepaths inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezezimali kwamahhala. Shayela i-703-704-6101.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Yakha uhlelo lwakho ngenyanga yakho ephansi kakhulu yemali engenayo, hhayi ngenyanga yakho engcono kakhulu noma isilinganiso sakho.
Faka imali yomndeni, ukonga, kanye nezintela emsebenzini wemali ohlelweni njengezikweletu, ngakho-ke akumangalisi.
Nquma kusengaphambili ukuthi imali eyengeziwe iya kuphi, nokuthi yini ozosika kuqala lapho inyanga iletha okuncane.
I-akhawunti ehlukile yezikweletu igcina imali yezikweletu ezihleliwe iphephile kuze kube usuku olubekiwe.
Ukungena kwemizuzu eyi-10 ngesonto kukusiza ukuthi uthole izinkinga ngenkathi kusenesikhathi sokuzilungisa.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ukwenza isabelomali (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (consumer.gov) · Ulimi: English

Izinyathelo zolimi olulula zokwenza isabelomali, ngephepha lokusebenza lesabelomali samahhala ongaligcwalisa noma ukuphrinta.
Cómo hacer un presupuesto (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (consumer.gov) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela ofanayo ngeSpanishi: izinyathelo ezilula zokwenza isabelomali, ngephepha lokusebenza lamahhala.
Imali Yakho, Imigomo Yakho Toolkit (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Amaphepha okusebenza wamahhala ongawaphrinta ukulandelela imali engenayo nokusetshenziswa kwemali, ukuhlela ukuhamba kwemali, nokusetha ikhalenda lomthethosivivinywa.
I-Metro Lift iyancishiswa amanani entengo (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) · Ulimi: English

Abantu abathola i-SNAP bahlomula kanjani ku-DC, Maryland, noma eVirginia bangabhalisa ukukhokha isigamu sentengo ohambweni lweMetrobus neMetrorail.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.