Ṣiṣe awọn awin ọlọgbọn ati yago fun awọn awin apanirun · Ẹkọ 1 ti 2
The Real Price of a Loan: High-Cost Traps and Safer Options
Turn loan fees into an APR, see what payday, title, rent-to-own, and 'buy now, pay later' deals really cost, learn the rules in DC, Maryland, and Virginia, and find cheaper options.
Ti pari lori ẹrọ yii
Awọn apakan ti ẹkọ yii ko ti tumọ si ede rẹ sibẹsibẹ, nitorinaa wọn han ni ede Gẹẹsi.
Ninu ẹkọ yii
Ohun tí wàá kọ́
- Convert a loan fee into an APR so you can compare offers.
- Recognize payday, car title, online installment, rent-to-own, and pay-over-time products, and what they really cost.
- Explain how DC, Maryland, and Virginia limit loan costs, and check a lender's license.
- Choose a lower-cost option, such as a payment plan or a credit union small loan.
Bawo ni eyi ṣe sopọ si awọn kilasi wa: Our class covers how to compare loans with the Truth in Lending disclosure and why high-cost debt is risky. This lesson adds the math to turn any fee into an APR, the loan rules in DC, Maryland, and Virginia, and a list of cheaper options to try first.
Awọn ọrọ lati mọ
- APR (oṣuwọn ogorun lododun) (APR (annual percentage rate))
- Iye owo lododun ti awin kan, pẹlu iwulo ati ọpọlọpọ awọn idiyele, han bi ogorun kan. O jẹ ki o ṣe afiwe awọn awin ti awọn titobi oriṣiriṣi ati awọn gigun.
- Owo idiyele (Finance charge)
- Iye owo ti o wa ni isalẹ, pẹlu awọn anfani ati awọn idiyele.
- Rollover
- San owo tuntun lori awin igba kukuru lati gbe ọjọ ti o yẹ nigbamii. O san owo kan ni gbogbo igba ati pe o tun jẹ gbese ni kikun.
- Car akọle loan (Car title loan)
- A kukuru, ga-iye owo loan ibi ti o ti fun awọn ayanilowo awọn akọle si ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ rẹ. Ti o ba ti o ko ba san pada, awọn ayanilowo le ya awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ.
- Yiyalo-si-ara (Rent-to-own)
- A ti yio se ibi ti o ya ohun kan nipa ọsẹ tabi osù ati ki o ni o nikan lẹhin ti awọn ti o kẹhin owo. Lapapọ jẹ igba ti o ga ju awọn itaja owo.
- Payday Alternative Loan (PAL)
- A kekere loan lati a Federal gbese Union, pẹlu ifilelẹ lori awọn anfani oṣuwọn ati owo, ṣe lati ropo payday loans.
- Ra Bayi, Sanwo Nigbamii (BNPL) (Buy now, pay later (BNPL))
- Eto ti o pin iye owo ti nkan ti o ra sinu awọn sisanwo diẹ, nigbagbogbo awọn sisanwo mẹrin ni ọsẹ mẹfa.
- Sanwo ilosiwaju app (Pay advance app)
- Ohun elo foonu kan ti o fun ọ ni owo kekere ṣaaju ọjọ isanwo, lẹhinna gba pada lati akọọlẹ banki rẹ nigbati o ba sanwo. Ọpọlọpọ gba owo tabi beere fun awọn italolobo.
How to see the real price of a loan
Lenders like to talk about the fee or the payment: "Only $15!" or "Just $50 a week!" But the fee alone does not tell you if a loan is cheap. You need two numbers. The APR (annual percentage rate) is the yearly cost of a loan, including interest and most fees, shown as a percent. It lets you compare a two-week loan and a one-year loan in the same way. The total of payments tells you how many dollars you will pay in all.
Turn a fee into an APR
- Divide the fee by the amount you borrow.
- Multiply by 365, then divide by the number of days in the loan.
- Multiply by 100 to get a percent.
$15 ÷ $100 × 365 ÷ 14 days × 100 = about 391% APR
A fee of $15 for each $100 is common for payday loans, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) says. That APR is more than 15 times the APR of a credit card that charges 25%.
High-cost products to know
- Payday loan: a small loan due on your next payday. Fees often run from $10 to $30 for each $100, depending on state law.
- Car title loan: a short loan, often 15 or 30 days, where you give the lender your car title. The title is the official paper that shows who owns the car, so the lender can take the car if you do not pay. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) says monthly fees can be as high as 25%, about 300% APR. If you cannot pay, you can lose the car.
- Online installment loan: small monthly payments, but the APR can be 100% or more.
- Rent-to-own, buy now, pay later, and pay advance apps: see the section below.
Apẹẹrẹ
Awọn ọna 5 lati ṣe atunṣe ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ $ 400 kan
Teresa ngbe ni Takoma Park. Ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ rẹ nilo atunṣe $ 400 ki o le lọ si iṣẹ. Eyi ni ohun ti awọn aṣayan marun yoo jẹ fun u. Awọn idiyele awin ọjọ isanwo ati akọle ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ni isalẹ kọja awọn opin ofin ti Maryland, ṣugbọn diẹ ninu awọn ayanilowo ori ayelujara ṣi nfunni ni awọn awin bii iwọnyi.
| Yiyan | Iye owo lati yawo | Lapapọ ti o sanwo |
|---|---|---|
| Eto isanwo pẹlu ile itaja atunṣe: awọn sisanwo meji ti $ 200 | $ 0 | $ 400 |
| Ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi PAL: Awọn oṣu 3 ni 28% anfani, pẹlu ọya ohun elo $ 20 | $ 39 | $ 439 |
| Owo sisan ti a san ni ọsẹ meji: $ 15 fun $ 100 kọọkan | $ 60 | $ 460 |
| A ṣe iṣeduro lati san owo sisan ni igba mẹta, ti a san pada lẹhin ọsẹ mẹjọ | $ 240 | $ 640 |
| Ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ akọle loan ni 25% osu kan, pada lẹhin osu 3 | $ 300 | $ 700 |
| Àṣàyàn tí ó wọ́n jùlọ yàtọ̀ sí àṣàyàn tí ó dín kù | $ 300 | $ 300 |
Ọpọlọpọ awọn ayanilowo ọjọ isanwo ko le san $ 460 ni kikun ni ọsẹ meji lẹhinna. Nitorinaa wọn san owo $ 60 miiran lati gbe ọjọ ti o yẹ. Eyi ni a pe ni rollover. Ti Teresa ba tunse awin naa ni igba mẹta ati san pada ni ọsẹ 8, o san $ 240 ni awọn idiyele lapapọ, diẹ sii ju idaji iye owo ti atunṣe. Awin kirẹditi naa pẹ to, ṣugbọn o jẹ iye owo ti o kere pupọ. Nigbagbogbo ṣe afiwe iye owo dola.
Apẹẹrẹ
Ka Otitọ ni Igbesẹ Igbesẹ
Ofin Federal nilo ayanilowo lati fihan ọ awọn nọmba bọtini ṣaaju ki o to fowo si. Wọn nigbagbogbo wa ninu awọn apoti ni oke ti adehun naa. Hector ngbe ni Hyattsville, Maryland. Ayanilowo ori ayelujara kan nfun u ni $ 1,000 loni, ati pe oun yoo san $ 135 ni oṣu kan fun awọn oṣu 12. Apoti naa fihan:
- Iye owo ti a gba: $ 1,000
- Owo Hector gba gangan.
- Owo idiyele: $ 620
- Iye owo ti o wa ni isalẹ: gbogbo awọn anfani ati awọn idiyele.
- Lapapọ awọn sisanwo: $ 1,620
- Ohun ti o san ti o ba ṣe gbogbo awọn sisanwo 12: 12 × $ 135.
- APR: nipa 100%
- Iye owo lododun bi ogorun.
| APR | Isanwo oṣooṣu | Lapapọ awọn sisanwo |
|---|---|---|
| 24% | $ 94.56 | $ 1,134.72 |
| 33% | $ 98.97 | $ 1,187.64 |
| Nipa 100% (awọn online ìfilọ) | $ 135.00 | $ 1,620.00 |
Labẹ ofin awin alabara ti Maryland, oṣuwọn iwulo ti o ga julọ ti ayanilowo ti o ni iwe-aṣẹ le gba agbara lori awin $ 1,000 jẹ 33% ni ọdun kan. Ipese Hector jẹ nipa $ 430 diẹ sii ju iyẹn lọ. Ṣaaju ki o to fowo si, o yẹ ki o ṣayẹwo boya ayanilowo naa ni iwe-aṣẹ Maryland.
Awọn ofin awin ni DC, Maryland, ati Virginia
Ibi kọọkan ni agbegbe wa ni opin si ohun ti awọn ayanilowo le gba agbara lori ọpọlọpọ awọn awin alabara. Diẹ ninu awọn ọja, bii awọn kaadi kirẹditi, tẹle awọn ofin miiran.
- DC: Ofin gbogbogbo fi opin si iwulo si 24% ni ọdun kan, ati awọn awin ọjọ isanwo jẹ arufin ni DC, ni ibamu si Ọfiisi DC ti Attorney General. Attorney General ti fi ẹsun awọn ayanilowo ori ayelujara ti o gba agbara awọn olugbe DC diẹ sii.
- Maryland: Fun awọn awin ti $ 2,000 tabi kere si, awọn ayanilowo ti o ni iwe-aṣẹ le gba agbara si 2.75% ni oṣu kan lori $ 1,000 akọkọ. Eyi jẹ 33% ni ọdun kan. Ọpọlọpọ awọn ayanilowo alabara gbọdọ ni iwe-aṣẹ Maryland.
- Virginia: Niwọn igba ti Ofin Fairness in Lending ti ṣiṣẹ ni Oṣu Kini Oṣu Kini Ọjọ 1, 2021, awọn awin igba kukuru le jẹ to $ 2,500 ati nigbagbogbo ṣiṣe awọn oṣu 4 si 24. Ayanilowo le gba agbara to 36% anfani pẹlu ọya oṣooṣu ti 8% ti awin tabi $ 25, eyikeyi ti o kere ju. O le ni ọkan ninu awọn awin wọnyi ni akoko kan, ati pe awọn ayanilowo ori ayelujara nilo iwe-aṣẹ Virginia paapaa.
Diẹ ninu awọn ayanilowo ori ayelujara foju awọn opin wọnyi. Wọn le sọ pe wọn tẹle awọn ofin ti ipinlẹ miiran, ẹya kan, tabi banki alabaṣepọ kan. Ni Virginia, awin igba kukuru ti a ṣe laisi iwe-aṣẹ jẹ ofo, eyiti o tumọ si pe ayanilowo ko ni ẹtọ lati gba. Ti o ba ti ni awin bii eleyi, sọrọ si iranlọwọ ofin ṣaaju ki o to da isanwo duro.
Ṣayẹwo iwe-aṣẹ ayanilowo ṣaaju ki o to yawo
- Wa orukọ ofin ni kikun ti ayanilowo ni adehun awin tabi ni isalẹ oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ.
- Maryland: wa ni Wiwọle Onibara NMLS, tabi pe Office of Financial Regulation ni 410-230-6077.
- Virginia: lo Igbimọ Ile-iṣẹ Ipinle ti Ṣayẹwo oju-iwe Iwe-aṣẹ kan, tabi pe 804-371-9657.
- DC: beere lọwọ Ẹka ti Iṣeduro, Awọn sikioriti ati Ile-ifowopamọ (DISB) ni 202-727-8000, tabi pe Ẹgbẹ Idahun Onibara ati Idahun Ayalegbe ti Attorney General ni 202-442-9828.
- Ti o ko ba le rii iwe-aṣẹ kan, maṣe yawo. Ṣe ijabọ ipese naa.
Awọn eto isanwo-si-ara, awọn eto isanwo-lori-akoko, ati awọn ohun elo isanwo ilosiwaju
Iyalo-si-ni-ni. Ana rii TV $ 600 ni ile itaja yiyalo-si-ara fun "$ 20 ni ọsẹ kan." Lati ni rẹ, o gbọdọ sanwo fun ọsẹ 78.
$ 20 × ọsẹ 78 = $ 1,560, eyiti o jẹ awọn akoko 2.6 idiyele ile itaja $ 600
Iyalo-si-ara ti ṣeto bi yiyalo, kii ṣe awin kan, nitorinaa iwọ kii yoo rii APR kan. Ti o ba padanu isanwo kan, ile itaja le gba nkan naa pada, ati pe o le padanu ohun ti o san. Ti Ana ba fipamọ $ 20 ni ọsẹ kan dipo, oun yoo ni $ 600 ni ọsẹ 30.
Ra bayi, sanwo nigbamii (BNPL). Awọn eto wọnyi pin rira si awọn sisanwo diẹ, nigbagbogbo mẹrin ni ọsẹ mẹfa. Eto kan le jẹ ọfẹ ti o ba sanwo ni akoko. Eewu naa ni lilo ọpọlọpọ awọn eto ni ẹẹkan. Awọn sisanwo ti o gba ni awọn ọjọ kanna le ṣofo akọọlẹ rẹ ki o fa awọn idiyele overdraft. Diẹ ninu awọn ile-iṣẹ BNPL ṣe ijabọ awọn sisanwo si awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi, nitorinaa isanwo ti o padanu le ṣe ipalara kirẹditi rẹ. Awọn ofin ipadabọ ati ariyanjiyan le yatọ si kaadi kirẹditi, nitorinaa ka awọn ofin akọkọ.
Sanwo ilosiwaju apps. Mei, ni Columbia Heights, le gba $ 100 lati ohun app ṣaaju ki o to payday. O jẹ free ti o ba ti o ba ti o duro kan diẹ ọjọ, tabi $ 4.99 lati gba o bayi. O san o lati rẹ paycheck ọsẹ kan nigbamii.
$ 4.99 ÷ $ 100 × 365 ÷ awọn ọjọ 7 × 100 = nipa 260% APR
"Sample" tun jẹ idiyele ti yiya, paapaa ti ohun elo naa ba pe ni aṣayan. Ni ọdun 2024, Attorney General DC fi ẹsun kan ohun elo isanwo ilosiwaju. Ẹjọ naa sọ pe, pẹlu awọn idiyele ifijiṣẹ iyara rẹ, awọn ilọsiwaju lẹsẹkẹsẹ ti ohun elo naa jẹ diẹ sii ju 300% APR ni apapọ. Lilo ohun elo ni gbogbo ọjọ isanwo tun jẹ ki isanwo kọọkan kere si, nitorinaa o le nilo ilosiwaju miiran.
Ṣọ́ra
Awọn aami aisan ati awọn ẹtọ rẹ
- Ayanilowo naa sọ pe "ko si ayẹwo kirẹditi" ati pe ko beere boya o le san awọn sisanwo naa.
- O beere lọwọ rẹ online ifowopamọ orukọ olumulo ati ọrọigbaniwọle.
- O fẹ ọya fun "iṣeduro" tabi "ṣiṣe" ṣaaju ki o to gba owo naa. FTC kilo pe eyi jẹ ami ti ete itanjẹ. Wo bi o ṣe le ṣe idanimọ ete itanjẹ kan.
- O jẹ ki o tun ṣe atunṣe dipo ki o san owo naa.
- O ṣe idẹruba imuni tabi gbigbe, tabi sare fun ọ lati fowo si.
O ko le mu ọ nikan nitori ko san awin ọjọ isanwo, ati pe ayanilowo nilo aṣẹ ile-ẹjọ lati gba owo lati owo oya rẹ. Ti ayanilowo kan ba fi ẹsun kan ọ, maṣe foju awọn iwe ẹjọ. Gba iranlọwọ ofin.
Lati da ayanilowo duro lati gba owo lati akọọlẹ rẹ, sọ fun ayanilowo ni kikọ pe o n gba igbanilaaye rẹ. Lẹhinna sọ fun banki rẹ o kere ju ọjọ iṣowo mẹta ṣaaju isanwo ti o tẹle. Banki naa le gba owo kan. O tun jẹ gbese naa, nitorinaa beere fun eto isanwo. Ti olugba gbese ba pe, wo awọn ẹtọ rẹ pẹlu awọn olugba gbese.
Awọn aṣayan ti o ni ailewu lati gbiyanju ni akọkọ
- Beere fun eto isanwo kan. Ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ IwUlO kan, awọn ile-iwosan, awọn onile, ati awọn ile itaja atunṣe yoo pin owo kan ti o ba beere ṣaaju ọjọ ti o yẹ.
- Beere lọwọ agbanisiṣẹ rẹ. Diẹ ninu awọn agbanisiṣẹ nfunni ni ilosiwaju isanwo laisi idiyele.
- Beere lọwọ ẹgbẹ kirẹditi kan fun awin kekere kan. Ọpọlọpọ jẹ ki o darapọ mọ ti o ba n gbe tabi ṣiṣẹ ni agbegbe kan.
- Lo inawo pajawiri rẹ, lẹhinna tun fọwọsi rẹ. Wo Bẹrẹ inawo pajawiri kan.
- Pe 211 ni DC, Maryland, tabi Virginia fun iranlọwọ ọfẹ wiwa iranlowo agbegbe pẹlu iyalo, awọn idiyele iwulo, ati ounjẹ.
Credit union Payday Alternative Loans
Gẹgẹbi Isakoso Iṣọkan Kirẹditi ti Orilẹ-ede (NCUA), ni 2026 awọn ẹgbẹ kirẹditi Federal le pese Awọn awin Yiyan Payday (PALs) pe:
- Gba agbara oṣuwọn iwulo ti o to 28%, pẹlu ọya ohun elo ti ko ju $ 20 lọ.
- Wín $ 200 si $ 1,000 fun awọn oṣu 1 si 6 si awọn eniyan ti o ti jẹ ọmọ ẹgbẹ fun o kere ju oṣu kan, tabi to $ 2,000 fun awọn oṣu 1 si 12 laisi akoko idaduro ti a beere.
- A ko le yipada. Eniyan kan ko le gba diẹ sii ju mẹta lọ ni oṣu mẹfa.
Kii ṣe gbogbo ẹgbẹ kirẹditi nfunni ni PALs, nitorinaa beere. Diẹ ninu awọn ẹgbẹ kirẹditi gba ITIN (Nọmba Idanimọ Owo-ori Kọọkan) dipo nọmba Aabo Awujọ.
Sample
Iranlọwọ ọfẹ nitosi rẹ
Ṣe o ti ni awin iye owo giga ti o ko le sanwo? Iranlọwọ ofin ọfẹ le wa lati Iranlọwọ Ofin DC, Iranlọwọ Ofin Maryland, ati Awọn Iṣẹ Ofin ti Northern Virginia. Oludamoran kirẹditi ti kii ṣe èrè le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe eto fun awọn gbese pupọ. Wo Ṣe eto isanwo gbese kan.
Awọn bọtini takeaways
- Compare loans by APR and total of payments, not by the fee or the payment size.
- A $15 fee on a $100 loan for two weeks is about 391% APR.
- DC and Maryland set low limits on most loan interest rates, and Virginia requires short-term lenders, including online lenders, to have a license.
- Rent-to-own deals, pay-over-time plans, and pay advance apps can cost much more than they seem to.
- Before a high-cost loan, try a payment plan, a credit union small loan, or free local help.
Ṣayẹwo oye rẹ
Dahun awọn ibeere, lẹhinna yan Ṣayẹwo awọn idahun mi. Gba 5 ti ẹtọ 6 lati pari ẹkọ yii. Eyi jẹ adaṣe: ko si opin akoko, ati pe a ko tọju awọn idahun rẹ.
Lọ siwaju
Awọn oju opo wẹẹbu ti o gbẹkẹle nibi ti o ti le ni imọ siwaju sii. Awọn ọna asopọ wọnyi lọ si awọn oju opo wẹẹbu miiran ti Dollar Scholars ko ṣiṣẹ.
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Ohun ti Lati Mọ Nipa Awọn awin Akọle Ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ati Awọn awin Ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Bawo ni payday ati ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ akọle awin ṣiṣẹ, ohun ti won na ati awọn miiran awọn aṣayan lati gbiyanju akọkọ.
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Qué saber sobre los préstamos de día de pago y con título de propiedad de un carro (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Kanna FTC imọran lori payday ati ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ akọle awin ni Spani.
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Awọn awin Yiyan Payday (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn ofin fun awọn PAL iṣọkan kirẹditi, pẹlu awọn iye, awọn ofin, ati awọn opin ọya.
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Awọn awin ọjọ isanwo (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn ẹtọ rẹ pẹlu awọn ayanilowo ọjọ isanwo, pẹlu bii o ṣe le dẹkun wọn lati gba owo lati akọọlẹ banki rẹ.
Ẹkọ yii jẹ ẹkọ owo gbogbogbo, kii ṣe ofin, owo-ori, tabi imọran owo. Awọn ofin ati awọn iye yipada, nitorinaa ṣayẹwo awọn nọmba pataki pẹlu orisun osise.