Dollar Scholars Foundation

Imọye itanjẹ ati Idaabobo Idanimọ · Ẹkọ 1 ti 3

Spot Today's Scams: Impostors, Texts, and Payment Apps

The warning signs every scam shares, real example messages, and what to do in the first hour if you have been scammed.

  • Nipa 15 min
  • Awọn ibeere ibeere: 5
  • Ti a ṣayẹwo kẹhin: September 2026
  • 漢語拼音: Money Smart for Adults, Module 11: Protecting Your Identity and Other Assets

Awọn apakan ti ẹkọ yii ko ti tumọ si ede rẹ sibẹsibẹ, nitorinaa wọn han ni ede Gẹẹsi.

Ninu ẹkọ yii

Ohun tí wàá kọ́

  • Recognize the four signs most scams share: a name you trust, a problem or prize, pressure, and a payment that is hard to reverse.
  • Identify impostor scams that pretend to be a toll agency, a delivery company, your bank, or a family member.
  • Explain why money sent by gift card, crypto, wire, or payment app is hard to get back.
  • Use the stop, hang up, and call back routine, and act fast if you already paid.

Bawo ni eyi ṣe sopọ si awọn kilasi wa: Our class covers the warning signs of fraud and why to guard your personal information. This lesson shows the scams people in the DC area see today, with sample messages, and gives you a step-by-step plan for the first hour after a scam.

Awọn ọrọ lati mọ

Itanjẹ impostor (Impostor scam)
Itanjẹ kan nibiti ẹnikan dibọn lati jẹ eniyan tabi ẹgbẹ ti o gbẹkẹle, gẹgẹbi banki kan, ile-iṣẹ ijọba, ile-iṣẹ kan, tabi ibatan kan.
Phishing
Ifiranṣẹ iro, imeeli, tabi oju opo wẹẹbu ti o gbiyanju lati tan ọ jẹ lati fun awọn ọrọ igbaniwọle, awọn nọmba kaadi, tabi alaye ti ara ẹni miiran. Nigbati o ba de nipasẹ ifiranṣẹ ọrọ, nigbakan a pe ni smishing.
Ohun elo isanwo (Payment app)
Ohun elo tabi iṣẹ banki ti a lo lati firanṣẹ owo si awọn eniyan miiran, bii Zelle, Cash App, Venmo, tabi PayPal.
Gbigbe laigba aṣẹ (Unauthorized transfer)
Owo ti o gba lati akọọlẹ rẹ nipasẹ ẹlomiran laisi igbanilaaye rẹ, fun apẹẹrẹ nipasẹ olè ti o wọ inu akọọlẹ rẹ.
Koodu akoko kan (One-time code)
Nọmba kukuru ti ile-iṣẹ kan firanṣẹ si foonu rẹ tabi imeeli lati ṣayẹwo pe o jẹ iwọ gaan. Maṣe ka si ẹnikan ti o pe ọ.
Itanjẹ isanwo apọju (Overpayment scam)
Itanjẹ kan nibiti ẹnikan fi sọwedowo iro ranṣẹ si ọ fun diẹ sii ju ti wọn jẹ gbese lọ ati pe o beere lọwọ rẹ lati fi owo afikun ranṣẹ pada.

Awọn ami mẹrin ti o fẹrẹ to gbogbo awọn mọlẹbi ete itanjẹ

Awọn itanjẹ impostor jẹ iru jegudujera ti awọn eniyan ṣe ijabọ ni igbagbogbo: ẹnikan dibọn lati jẹ eniyan tabi ẹgbẹ ti o gbẹkẹle. Ni ọdun 2025, awọn eniyan sọ fun Federal Trade Commission (FTC) pe wọn padanu nipa $ 16 bilionu si jegudujera. Eyi ni iye ti o ga julọ lori igbasilẹ. Awọn itanjẹ impostor gba $ 3.5 bilionu. Ninu iyẹn, awọn scammers ti o dibọn lati jẹ iṣowo gba fere $ 1 bilionu, ati awọn bèbe iro fa awọn adanu ti o tobi julọ ni ẹgbẹ yẹn.

Awọn itan yipada, ṣugbọn ilana naa jẹ kanna. Wo awọn ami mẹrin wọnyi:

  • Orukọ ti o gbẹkẹle. Ifiranṣẹ naa sọ pe o wa lati banki rẹ, IRS, ile-iṣẹ owo-ori kan, ọfiisi ifiweranṣẹ, ile-iṣẹ agbara rẹ, tabi ibatan kan. ID ID ati awọn orukọ imeeli rọrun lati fake.
  • Iṣoro kan tabi ẹbun kan. O jẹ gbese owo, akọọlẹ rẹ ti wa ni titiipa, ibatan kan wa ninu wahala, tabi o ṣẹgun nkankan.
  • Ipa ati aṣiri. O yẹ ki o ṣe loni. O le gbọ awọn irokeke ti imuni, gbigbe, tabi iwe-aṣẹ ti o sọnu. A sọ fun ọ pe ki o maṣe sọ fun ẹnikẹni.
  • Isanwo ti o nira lati yipada. Awọn kaadi ẹbun, cryptocurrency (crypto), gbigbe waya, ohun elo isanwo, tabi owo ti a fi fun eniyan ti o wa si ile rẹ.

Ti o ba ri ọkan ninu awọn ami wọnyi, fa fifalẹ. Awọn ile-iṣẹ oloootitọ ati awọn ile-iṣẹ yoo fun ọ ni akoko lati ṣayẹwo.

Sample

Ñëàâà Áîãó, ñëàâà Áîãó,

  1. Duro. Maṣe tẹ, sanwo, tabi pin ohunkohun sibẹsibẹ. Iṣoro gidi kan yoo tun wa nibẹ ni iṣẹju mẹwa.
  2. Duro tabi pa ifiranṣẹ naa. Maṣe dahun, ati pe maṣe pe nọmba ti ifiranṣẹ naa fun ọ.
  3. Pe nọmba kan ti o rii ara rẹ. Lo nọmba ti o wa ni ẹhin kaadi rẹ, lori owo rẹ, ninu ohun elo osise, tabi lori oju opo wẹẹbu .gov ti ibẹwẹ.
  4. Sọrọ si ẹnikan ti o gbẹkẹle. Awọn scammers fẹ ki o tọju awọn aṣiri. Ọrẹ kan, ọmọ ẹgbẹ ẹbi kan, tabi olukọ Dollar Scholars rẹ le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ronu nipasẹ.

Awọn ifiranṣẹ mẹta ti o le rii ni ọsẹ yii

1. Ọrọ owo-ori ti a ko san

Akiyesi E-ZPass: O ni owo-ori ti a ko san ti $ 6.99. Sanwo loni lati yago fun ọya pẹ $ 50 ati idaduro lori iwe-aṣẹ awakọ rẹ: [ọna asopọ]

Awọn ọrọ bii eyi lọ si awọn eniyan ni gbogbo agbegbe DC. Attorney General DC ti kilọ pe DC ko ni ibẹwẹ owo-ori tirẹ, sibẹ awọn eniyan ti o ni awọn nọmba foonu 202 ṣi gba awọn ọrọ owo-ori eke. Ọna asopọ naa lọ si oju opo wẹẹbu iro kan ti o ji nọmba kaadi rẹ ati alaye ti ara ẹni. Awọn eto owo-ori ti Maryland ati Virginia sọ pe wọn ko beere fun isanwo nipasẹ ifiranṣẹ ọrọ. Ti o ba wakọ lori awọn opopona owo-ori, ṣayẹwo akọọlẹ rẹ lori oju opo wẹẹbu osise ti ile-iṣẹ owo-ori rẹ tabi ohun elo. Tẹ adirẹsi naa funrararẹ.

2. Ọrọ ifijiṣẹ package

USPS: Package rẹ ko le firanṣẹ nitori adirẹsi naa ko pari. Ṣe imudojuiwọn adirẹsi rẹ laarin awọn wakati 12: [ọna asopọ]

Iṣẹ Ifiweranṣẹ AMẸRIKA sọ pe ko firanṣẹ awọn ọrọ ayafi ti o ba beere fun awọn imudojuiwọn ipasẹ pẹlu nọmba ipasẹ kan, ati pe awọn ọrọ rẹ ko ni ọna asopọ kan. Ọrọ USPS pẹlu ọna asopọ kan jẹ itanjẹ.

3. Ipe lati ẹka jegudujera ti banki

"Eyi ni ẹgbẹ jegudujera ni banki rẹ. A da idiyele $ 950 duro ni ile itaja kan ni Baltimore. Akọọlẹ rẹ ko ni ailewu. Lati daabobo owo rẹ, a yoo gbe e lọ si akọọlẹ tuntun ti o ni aabo. Ni akọkọ, ka mi koodu ti a ṣẹṣẹ firanṣẹ si ọ. "

FTC sọ pe diẹ ninu awọn itanjẹ ti o gbowolori julọ bẹrẹ pẹlu ipe bii eleyi. Olupe naa le mọ orukọ rẹ ati awọn nọmba ti o kẹhin ti kaadi rẹ. FTC kilo pe scammer nikan ni yoo sọ fun ọ lati gbe owo rẹ lati daabobo rẹ. Ẹnikẹni ti o ba beere fun koodu ti a firanṣẹ si foonu rẹ n gbiyanju lati wọle si akọọlẹ rẹ. Duro ki o pe nọmba ti o wa ni ẹhin kaadi rẹ.

Fun awọn ọrọ, maṣe dahun. Lo aṣayan "ijabọ ijekuje" ti foonu rẹ tabi firanṣẹ ọrọ naa si 7726 (nọmba naa n pe SPAM), ati lẹhinna paarẹ.

Kini idi ti diẹ ninu awọn owo sisan ṣe nira lati gba pada

Bawo ni o ṣe sanwo, ati tani o fi owo ranṣẹ, pinnu iye iranlọwọ ti o le gba.

Anfani rẹ lati gba owo pada
Kí ló ṣẹlẹ̀Ohun ti o le ṣe
Olè kan wọ inu akọọlẹ banki rẹ tabi ohun elo isanwo o si fi owo ranṣẹ laisi igbanilaaye rẹ.Eyi jẹ gbigbe laigba aṣẹ, paapaa ti scammer ba tan ọ jẹ lati pin ọrọ igbaniwọle rẹ tabi koodu. Ofin Federal fun ọ ni awọn ẹtọ to lagbara ti o ba sọ fun banki rẹ tabi ohun elo ni kiakia.
O fi owo ranṣẹ lori ohun elo isanwo funrararẹ, nitori ẹnikan parọ.Banki tabi app nigbagbogbo ko ni lati fun ni pada. Ṣe ijabọ lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o beere lọwọ rẹ.
O sanwó pẹ̀lú káàdì ẹ̀bùn kan.Pe ile-iṣẹ kaadi ẹbun lẹsẹkẹsẹ. Jeki kaadi naa ati risiti naa. Diẹ ninu awọn ile-iṣẹ le fun owo rẹ pada.
O firanṣẹ okun waya, fun apẹẹrẹ nipasẹ Western Union tabi MoneyGram.Pe ile-iṣẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o beere lọwọ rẹ lati da duro ki o yi gbigbe naa pada.
O sanwo pẹlu crypto tabi ni ATM crypto kan.Eyi ni ohun ti o nira julọ lati gba pada. Sọ fun ile-iṣẹ ti o lo ati si FTC.

Eyi ni idi ti awọn scammers fi beere fun awọn sisanwo wọnyi. Ko si ile-iṣẹ gidi tabi ile-iṣẹ ijọba ti yoo sọ fun ọ lati ra kaadi ẹbun lati sanwo wọn.

Kaadi kirẹditi kan yoo fun ọ ni aabo diẹ sii. Labẹ ofin ijọba, julọ ti o le jẹ gbese fun awọn idiyele lori kaadi kirẹditi ti o sọnu tabi ji jẹ $ 50.

Awọn clones ohùn ati awọn ipe pajawiri ẹbi

Awọn scammers le daakọ ohun eniyan bayi lati gbigbasilẹ kukuru ti a firanṣẹ lori ayelujara, gẹgẹbi fidio kan. Lẹhinna wọn pe obi tabi baba nla kan. Ohùn naa kigbe o si sọ pe, "Mo wa ninu ijamba ati pe Mo wa ninu tubu. Jọwọ fi owo ranṣẹ. Maṣe sọ fun mama. "

FBI daba pe awọn idile gba lori ọrọ aṣiri tabi gbolohun ọrọ. Ibatan gidi ti o wa ninu wahala yoo mọ. Ohùn ti a daakọ kii yoo ṣe.

  • Yan ọrọ koodu kan pẹlu ẹbi rẹ loni. Maṣe firanṣẹ lori Intanẹẹti.
  • Ti o ba gba ipe pajawiri, beere fun ọrọ koodu, tabi beere ibeere kan nikan eniyan gidi le dahun.
  • Duro ki o pe ibatan rẹ lori nọmba ti o ti ni tẹlẹ.
  • Pe ọmọ ẹgbẹ ẹbi miiran, paapaa ti olupe naa ba sọ pe o jẹ aṣiri.

Apẹẹrẹ

Bawo ni itanjẹ apọju ṣe ṣofo akọọlẹ rẹ

Maria ngbe ni Hyattsville. O ta tabili ti a lo lori ayelujara fun $ 200. Olura naa fi ranṣẹ si i ni ayẹwo fun $ 1,200 o si sọ pe o ṣe aṣiṣe. O beere lọwọ Maria lati tọju $ 200 ki o firanṣẹ afikun $ 1,000 pada lori ohun elo isanwo kan. Ọjọ meji lẹhinna, banki rẹ fihan owo naa bi o ti wa, nitorinaa Maria firanṣẹ.

Nipa ofin, awọn bèbe gbọdọ ṣe owo ti a fi pamọ ni kiakia. Ṣugbọn o le gba awọn ọsẹ lati rii pe ayẹwo jẹ iro. Nigbati ayẹwo naa ba bounces, banki gba iye naa pada.

Kini o ṣẹlẹ si iwe ifowopamọ ti Maria
IgbesẹIye
Meri Aankhon Ko Aaye To Kya Kare+ $ 1,200
Maria Gba Owo Rẹ Pada- $ 1,000
Banki naa rii pe sọwedowo naa jẹ iro o si gba owo naa pada- $ 1,200
O ti wa ni ti o- $ 1,000

$ 1,200 − $ 1,000 − $ 1,200 = − $ 1,000

Ẹtan kanna han ni awọn iṣẹ eke, awọn ipese "ohun ijinlẹ", ati awọn lẹta ẹbun. Ti ẹnikan ba firanṣẹ diẹ sii ju ti wọn jẹ lọ ati beere fun owo pada, o jẹ ete itanjẹ.

Already paid? Your first-hour plan

Scams can happen to anyone. Act fast, and do not be ashamed to ask for help. The sooner you act, the better your chances.

  1. Stop all contact with the scammer. Do not send more money, even if they promise to return the first payment.
  2. Call your bank, card company, or payment app using the number on your card or in the official app. Say, "This is fraud." Ask them to stop or reverse the payment and to protect your account.
  3. For a gift card or a wire, call the gift card company or the wire company right away. Keep the card, the receipt, and the transfer number.
  4. If you shared a password or a code, change your passwords and turn on two-step verification. With it, a site asks for a code, usually sent to your phone, after your password, so a thief who has only your password cannot get in.
  5. Report the scam at ReportFraud.ftc.gov (in Spanish at ReporteFraude.ftc.gov). If it happened online, you can also report it to the FBI at ic3.gov.
  6. If you gave your Social Security number or ITIN, follow the steps in our lesson on protecting your identity.

"Hello, my name is [your name]. I am calling to report fraud on my account ending in [last 4 digits]. Today at [time], I sent $[amount] to [name or phone number the scammer used] because of a scam. Please stop or reverse this payment, block more payments to this person, and open a fraud claim. What is my claim number?"

Write down the date, the time, the name of the person you spoke to, and the claim number.

Ṣọ́ra

Ṣọra fun itanjẹ keji

Lẹhin ti o padanu owo, scammers le kan si ọ lẹẹkansii. Wọn sọ pe wọn le gba owo rẹ pada fun ọya kan, tabi wọn dibọn lati FTC tabi ọfiisi ofin kan. FTC sọ pe awọn ile ibẹwẹ ijọba ati awọn ajo oloootitọ kii yoo beere fun owo lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati gba agbapada.

Awọn scammers tun tẹle awọn iroyin. Lẹhin iji lile tabi iṣan omi, wọn dibọn lati FEMA tabi pese awọn atunṣe iyara ti o ba sanwo fun ohun gbogbo ni ilosiwaju. FEMA ko gba owo ohun elo. Awọn ile-iṣẹ ti o ṣe ileri lati ṣatunṣe kirẹditi rẹ jẹ idẹkùn miiran: o jẹ arufin fun ile-iṣẹ atunṣe kirẹditi lati gba agbara fun ọ ṣaaju ki o to ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ.

Fun awọn nọmba foonu agbegbe nibiti o ti le ṣe ijabọ ete itanjẹ kan, wo Awọn itanjẹ ti o fojusi awọn aṣikiri, awọn ayalegbe, ati awọn oluwadi iṣẹ.

Awọn bọtini takeaways

  • Only a scammer will tell you to move your money to keep it safe, or to pay a bill with a gift card.
  • Do not use the link or phone number in a surprise message. Find the real contact information yourself.
  • If a thief sends money from your account, you have strong rights. If you send it yourself after a lie, it is much harder to get back.
  • Agree on a family code word to check emergency calls, even when the voice sounds real.
  • If you paid a scammer, call your bank or the payment company right away, then report it at ReportFraud.ftc.gov.

Ṣayẹwo oye rẹ

Dahun awọn ibeere, lẹhinna yan Ṣayẹwo awọn idahun mi. Gba 4 ti ẹtọ 5 lati pari ẹkọ yii. Eyi jẹ adaṣe: ko si opin akoko, ati pe a ko tọju awọn idahun rẹ.

Ìèëèöèîíåð 1 5 Aisha ngbe ni Guusu ila oorun DC. O gba ifiranṣẹ kan: "Owo-ori ti a ko san ti $ 6.99. Sanwo loni lati yago fun ọya pẹ $ 50. " Ọrọ naa ni ọna asopọ kan. Kini o yẹ ki o ṣe?
Ìèëèöèîíåð 2 5 Olupe kan sọ pe o wa lati banki Deshawn. O mọ orukọ Deshawn o si sọ pe awọn ifowopamọ rẹ wa ninu ewu. O sọ fun Deshawn lati gbe owo naa si "akọọlẹ ailewu" loni. Kini o yẹ ki Deshawn ṣe?
Ìèëèöèîíåð 3 5 Lucia fi $ 400 ranṣẹ lori ohun elo isanwo si "onile" kan ti o parẹ. Ibatan rẹ Ana padanu $ 400 nigbati olè kan wọ inu ohun elo Ana o si firanṣẹ owo naa. Tani ẹjọ ti o ni aabo ti o lagbara labẹ ofin ijọba?
Ìèëèöèîíåð 4 5 Ọgbẹni Nguyen gba ipe kan. Ohùn kan ti o dun bi ọmọ-ọmọ rẹ kigbe o si sọ pe o wa ninu tubu. O nilo $ 2,000 ni awọn kaadi ẹbun, o si sọ pe, "Maṣe sọ fun Mama." Kini o yẹ ki Ọgbẹni Nguyen ṣe akọkọ?
Ìèëèöèîíåð 5 5 Otitọ tabi eke: Nigbati banki rẹ ba fihan owo lati ayẹwo ti o fi sii bi o ti wa, o tumọ si pe ayẹwo naa dara.

Lọ siwaju

Awọn oju opo wẹẹbu ti o gbẹkẹle nibi ti o ti le ni imọ siwaju sii. Awọn ọna asopọ wọnyi lọ si awọn oju opo wẹẹbu miiran ti Dollar Scholars ko ṣiṣẹ.

Ẹkọ yii jẹ ẹkọ owo gbogbogbo, kii ṣe ofin, owo-ori, tabi imọran owo. Awọn ofin ati awọn iye yipada, nitorinaa ṣayẹwo awọn nọmba pataki pẹlu orisun osise.