Ukuboleka ngokuhlakanipha nokugwema ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko · Isifundo 1 2

Intengo yangempela yemalimboleko: izicupho ezibiza kakhulu nezinketho eziphephile

Guqula imali mboleko ibe yi-APR, ubone ukuthi usuku lokukhokha, isihloko, ukuqasha, kanye 'nokuthenga manje, khokha kamuva' amadili abiza ngempela, funda imithetho e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, futhi uthole izinketho ezishibhile. (About 18 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Guqula imali mboleko ibe yi-APR ukuze ukwazi ukuqhathanisa okunikezwayo.
Qaphela usuku lokukhokha, isihloko semoto, isitolimende esiku-inthanethi, ukuqasha, kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhokha, nokuthi ibiza malini ngempela.
Chaza ukuthi i-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia zinciphisa kanjani izindleko zemalimboleko, futhi uhlole ilayisense yombolekisi.
Khetha inketho engabizi kakhulu, njengohlelo lokukhokha noma imalimboleko encane yenyunyana yesikweletu.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa ukuthi ungaqhathanisa kanjani imalimboleko ne-Truth in Lending ukudalulwa nokuthi kungani isikweletu esiphezulu siyingozi. Lesi sifundo sengeza izibalo zokuguqula noma iyiphi imali ibe yi-APR, imithetho yemalimboleko e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, kanye nohlu lwezinketho ezishibhile ongazama kuqala.

Amagama okumele wazi

I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti onyaka) (APR (annual percentage rate)): Izindleko zonyaka zemalimboleko, kufaka phakathi inzalo nezimali eziningi, zikhonjiswe njengephesenti. Ikuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise imalimboleko yobukhulu obuhlukile nobude.
Imali ekhokhwayo (Finance charge): Izindleko eziphelele zemali mboleko, kufaka phakathi inzalo kanye nezindleko.
I-Rollover (Rollover): Ukukhokha imali entsha ngemalimboleko yesikhashana ukuhambisa usuku olufanele kamuva. Ukhokha imali ngayinye futhi usakweleta inani eliphelele.
Imali mboleko yesihloko semoto (Car title loan): Imali mboleko emfushane, ebiza kakhulu lapho unikeza umbolekisi isihloko semoto yakho. Uma ungabuyiseli, umbolekisi angathatha imoto.
Ukuqasha ukuqasha (Rent-to-own): Isivumelwano lapho uqasha khona into ngesonto noma ngenyanga futhi ube ngumnikazi wayo kuphela ngemuva kokukhokha kokugcina. Ingqikithi ivame ukuphakama kakhulu kunentengo yesitolo.
I-Payday Alternative Loan (PAL) (Payday Alternative Loan (PAL)): Imali mboleko encane evela kwinyunyana yezikweletu zikahulumeni, enemikhawulo yezinga lenzalo kanye nezimali, eyenziwe ukufaka esikhundleni semalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha.
Thenga manje, khokha kamuva (BNPL) (Buy now, pay later (BNPL)): Uhlelo oluhlukanisa izindleko zento oyithengayo zibe izinkokhelo ezimbalwa, imvamisa izinkokhelo ezine emasontweni ayisithupha.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha kusengaphambili (Pay advance app): Uhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni olukunikeza isamba esincane semali ngaphambi kosuku lokukhokha, bese uyibuyisela ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange lapho ukhokhelwa. Abaningi bakhokhisa imali noma bacele amathiphu.

Indlela Yokubona Intengo Yangempela Yemali Mboleko

Ababolekisi bathanda ukukhuluma ngemali noma inkokhelo: "Kuphela $ 15!" noma "Nje $ 50 ngesonto!" Kepha imali iyodwa ayikutsheli ukuthi imalimboleko ishibhile. Udinga izinombolo ezimbili. I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti wonyaka) yizindleko zonyaka zemalimboleko, kufaka phakathi inzalo nezimali eziningi, ezikhonjiswe njengephesenti. Ikuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise imalimboleko yamasonto amabili kanye nemalimboleko yonyaka owodwa ngendlela efanayo. Ingqikithi yezinkokhelo ikutshela ukuthi mangaki amadola ozowakhokha esewonke.

Guqula imali ibe yi-APR

Hlukanisa imali ngenani olibolekayo.
Phinda ngo-365, bese uhlukanisa ngenani lezinsuku zemalimboleko.
Phinda ngo-100 ukuze uthole amaphesenti.

$ 15 ÷ $ 100 × 365 ÷ izinsuku ze-14 × 100 = cishe i-391% APR

Imali engu- $ 15 nge- $ 100 ngayinye ijwayelekile kumalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha, kusho i-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Leyo APR ingaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-15 ze-APR yekhadi lesikweletu elikhokhisa u-25%.

Imikhiqizo engabizi kakhulu okufanele uyazi

Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha: imalimboleko encane okufanele ikhokhwe ngosuku lwakho olulandelayo lokukhokha. Imali evame ukugijima kusuka ku- $ 10 kuya ku- $ 100 ngayinye, kuya ngomthetho wombuso.
Imalimboleko yesihloko semoto: imalimboleko emfushane, imvamisa izinsuku eziyi-15 noma ezingama-30, lapho unikeza umbolekisi isihloko sakho semoto. Isihloko yiphepha elisemthethweni elikhombisa ukuthi ngubani ongumnikazi wemoto, ngakho-ke umbolekisi angathatha imoto uma ungakhokhi. I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ithi imali yanyanga zonke ingafinyelela ku-25%, cishe i-300% APR. Uma ungakwazi ukukhokha, ungalahlekelwa yimoto.
Imali mboleko yesitolimende eku-inthanethi: izinkokhelo ezincane zanyanga zonke, kepha i-APR ingaba ngu-100% noma ngaphezulu.
Qasha ukuze ube ngumnikazi, thenga manje, ukhokhe kamuva, futhi ukhokhe kusengaphambili izinhlelo zokusebenza: bheka isigaba esingezansi.

Isibonelo

Izindlela Ezinhlanu Zokukhokhela Ukulungiswa Kwemoto Engu- $ 400

UTeresa uhlala eTakoma Park. Imoto yakhe idinga ukulungiswa kwe- $ 400 ukuze akwazi ukusebenza. Nakhu ukuthi izinketho ezinhlanu zingambiza. Amanani entengo yemalimboleko yesihloko semoto ngezansi angaphezu kwemingcele yezomthetho yaseMaryland, kepha abanye ababolekisi be-inthanethi basanikela ngemalimboleko efana nalezi.

Izindleko zokuboleka u- $ 400 izindlela ezinhlanu ezahlukene
Ukukhetha	Izindleko zokuboleka imali	Ingqikithi ayikhokhayo
Uhlelo lokukhokha ngesitolo sokulungisa: izinkokhelo ezimbili ze- $ 200	$ 0	$ 400
Inyunyana yesikweletu PAL: Izinyanga ezi-3 ngenzalo engama-28%, kanye nemali yesicelo engu- $ 20	$ 39	$ 439
Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha ekhokhwa emavikini ama-2: $ 15 nge- $ 100 ngayinye	$ 60	$ 460
Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha ivuselelwe izikhathi ezi-3, ibuyiselwe ngemuva kwamasonto angu-8	$ 240	$ 640
Imali mboleko yesihloko semoto ku-25% ngenyanga, ibuyiselwe ngemuva kwezinyanga ze-3	$ 300	$ 700
Ukukhetha okubiza kakhulu kuncishiswe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu	$ 300	$ 300

Ababolekisi abaningi abakwazi ukukhokha i-$ 460 ephelele emasontweni amabili kamuva. Ngakho-ke bakhokha enye imali engu- $ 60 ukuhambisa usuku olubekiwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-rollover. Uma uTeresa evuselela imalimboleko kathathu futhi ayikhokha ngesonto lesi-8, ukhokha u- $ 240 ngezimali zizonke, ezingaphezu kwengxenye yezindleko zokulungisa. Imalimboleko yenyunyana yesikweletu ihlala isikhathi eside, kepha ibiza kancane kakhulu. Njalo qhathanisa izindleko zedola.

Isibonelo

Funda Iqiniso ebhokisini lokubolekisa

Umthetho kahulumeni udinga ukuthi umbolekisi akubonise izinombolo ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokusayina. Imvamisa zitholakala emabhokisini phezulu kwenkontileka. UHector uhlala eHyattsville, eMaryland. Umbolekisi aku-inthanethi umnikeza u- $ 1,000 namuhla, futhi uzokhokha u- $ 135 ngenyanga izinyanga eziyi-12. Ibhokisi libonisa:

Imali ekhokhwayo: $ 1,000: Imali uHector ayitholayo ngempela.
Imali ekhokhwayo: $ 620: Izindleko zokuboleka imali - zonke izithakazelo kanye nezindleko.
Ingqikithi yezinkokhelo: $ 1,620: Lokho akukhokhayo uma enza zonke izinkokhelo eziyi-12: 12 × $ 135.
I-APR: Cishe i-100%: Izindleko zonyaka njengephesenti.

Ukuboleka u- $ 1,000 izinyanga eziyi-12 kuma-APR amathathu
APR	Inkokhelo yanyanga zonke	Ingqikithi yezinkokhelo
24%	$ 94.56	$ 1,134.72
33%	$ 98.97	$ 1,187.64
Mayelana ne-100% (ukunikezwa kwe-inthanethi)	$ 135.00	$ 1,620.00

Ngaphansi komthetho wemalimboleko yabathengi waseMaryland, inzalo ephakeme kakhulu umbolekisi onelayisense angayikhokhisa ngemalimboleko engu- $ 1,000 ngu-33% ngonyaka. Ukunikezwa kukaHector kubiza cishe ama- $ 430 ngaphezulu kwalokho. Ngaphambi kokusayina, kufanele ahlole ukuthi umbolekisi unelayisense yaseMaryland yini.

Imithetho yemalimboleko e-DC, Maryland naseVirginia

Indawo ngayinye endaweni yethu ikhawulela lokho ababolekisi abangakukhokhisa kumalimboleko amaningi abathengi. Eminye imikhiqizo, njengamakhadi wesikweletu, ilandela eminye imithetho.

I-DC: Umthetho ngokuvamile ukhawulela inzalo ku-24% ngonyaka, futhi imalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha ayikho emthethweni e-DC, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-DC loMmeli Jikelele. Ummeli Jikelele umangalele ababolekisi be-inthanethi abakhokhisa izakhamizi ze-DC ngaphezulu.
Maryland: Ngemalimboleko engu- $ 2,000 noma ngaphansi, ababolekisi abanamalayisense bangakhokhisa kuze kufike ku-2.75% ngenyanga ku- $ 1,000 yokuqala. Lokho kungu-33% ngonyaka. Iningi lababolekisi babathengi kufanele babe nelayisense yaseMaryland.
Virginia: Kusukela i-Fairness in Lending Act iqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2021, imalimboleko yesikhashana ingafinyelela ku- $ 2,500 futhi imvamisa ihlala izinyanga ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-24. Umbolekisi angakhokhisa inzalo efinyelela ku-36% kanye nemali yanyanga zonke engu-8% yemalimboleko noma u- $ 25, noma yikuphi okuncane. Ungathola eyodwa kuphela yalezi malimboleko ngesikhathi, futhi ababolekisi abaku-inthanethi badinga ilayisense yaseVirginia futhi.

Abanye ababolekisi abaku-inthanethi bayayishaya indiva le mingcele. Bangase bathi balandela imithetho yelinye izwe, isizwe, noma ibhange lozakwethu. E-Virginia, imalimboleko yesikhashana eyenziwe ngaphandle kwelayisense ayinalutho, okusho ukuthi umbolekisi akanalo ilungelo lokuyilanda. Uma usuvele unayo imalimboleko efana nale, khuluma nosizo lwezomthetho ngaphambi kokuthi uyeke ukukhokha.

Hlola ilayisense yombolekisi ngaphambi kokuboleka imali

Thola igama eliphelele elisemthethweni lombolekisi esivumelwaneni semalimboleko noma ezansi kwewebhusayithi yayo.
Maryland: sesha ku-NMLS Consumer Access, noma ushayele iHhovisi Lomthetho Wezezimali ku-410-230-6077.
Virginia: sebenzisa ikhasi le-State Corporation Commission's Verify a License , noma ushayele i-804-371-9657.
I-DC: buza uMnyango Wezomshuwalense, Ukuphepha kanye Namabhange (DISB) ku-202-727-8000, noma ushayele ithimba le-Attorney General's Consumer and Tenant Response ku-202-442-9828.
Uma ungakwazi ukuthola ilayisense, ungaboleki. Bika isipho.

Hlela ngokwezifiso Amathempulethi angu Izinhlelo Zokukhokha Imali Yokukhokha

Ukuqasha ukuze ube ngumnikazi. U-Ana ubona i-TV engu- $ 600 esitolo sokuqasha "$ 20 ngesonto." Ukuze abe ngumnikazi, kufanele akhokhe amasonto angama-78.

$ 20 × amasonto angama-78 = $ 1,560, okuyizikhathi ezingu-2.6 intengo yesitolo se- $ 600

Ukuqasha kusethwe njengerenti, hhayi imalimboleko, ngakho-ke imvamisa ngeke ubone i-APR. Uma uphuthelwa inkokhelo, isitolo singabuyisela le nto, futhi ungalahlekelwa yilokho okukhokhelayo. Uma u-Ana egcina u- $ 20 ngesonto esikhundleni salokho, uzoba ne- $ 600 emasontweni angama-30.

Thenga manje, khokha kamuva (BNPL). Lezi zinhlelo zihlukanisa ukuthenga zibe izinkokhelo ezimbalwa, imvamisa ezine emasontweni ayisithupha. Uhlelo lungaba mahhala uma ukhokha ngesikhathi. Ingozi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Izinkokhelo ezithathwe ngezinsuku ezifanayo zingakhipha i-akhawunti yakho futhi zibangele imali ye-overdraft. Ezinye izinkampani ze-BNPL zibika izinkokhelo kuma-bureaus wesikweletu, ngakho-ke ukukhokha okuphuthelwe kungalimaza isikweletu sakho. Imithetho yokubuya nokuphikisana ingahluka kwikhadi lesikweletu, ngakho-ke funda imigomo kuqala.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhokha kusengaphambili. UMei, eColumbia Heights, angathola u- $ 100 kuhlelo lokusebenza ngaphambi kosuku lokukhokha. Kumahhala uma elinde izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma u- $ 4.99 ukuyithola manje. Uyibuyisela ekhokheni lakhe ngemuva kwesonto.

$ 4.99 ÷ $ 100 × 365 ÷ izinsuku ze-7 × 100 = cishe i-260% APR

"Ithiphu" libuye libe yizindleko zokuboleka, noma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza lukubiza ngokuzikhethela. Ngo-2024, i-DC Attorney General yamangalela uhlelo olulodwa lokukhokha kusengaphambili. Icala lathi ngezimali zalo zokulethwa okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kohlelo lokusebenza kubiza ngaphezu kwe-300% APR ngokwesilinganiso. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza nsuku zonke zokukhokha kwenza inkokhelo ngayinye ibe ncane, ngakho-ke ungadinga enye inkokheli.

Qaphela

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa namalungelo akho

Umbolekisi uthi "akukho isheke lesikweletu" futhi akabuzi ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhokhela izinkokhelo.
Faka igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi yebhange eliku-inthanethi.
Ifuna imali "yomshuwalense" noma "ukucubungula" ngaphambi kokuthola imali. I-FTC ixwayisa ukuthi lokhu kuwuphawu lomkhonyovu. Bona ukuthi ungawubona kanjani umkhonyovu.
Lokhu kuphoqa ukuthi uvuselele esikhundleni sokukhokha imalimboleko.
Isongela ukuboshwa noma ukuxoshwa, noma ukuphuthuma ukuba usayine.

Awukwazi ukuboshwa ngenxa nje yokungakhokhi imalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha, futhi umbolekisi udinga umyalelo wenkantolo wokuthatha imali emholweni wakho. Uma umbolekisi ekumangalela, ungawashayi indiva amaphepha enkantolo. Thola usizo lwezomthetho.

Ukuvimbela umbolekisi ukuthi athathe imali ku-akhawunti yakho, tshela umbolekisi ngokubhala ukuthi uthatha imvume yakho. Bese utshela ibhange lakho okungenani izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokukhokha okulandelayo. Ibhange lingakhokhisa imali. Usakweleta imalimboleko, ngakho-ke cela uhlelo lokukhokha. Uma umqoqi wesikweletu eshayela, bheka amalungelo akho nabaqoqi bezikweletu.

Izinketho eziphephile ongazizama kuqala

Cela uhlelo lokukhokha. Izinkampani eziningi zosizo, izibhedlela, abanikazi bezindlu, nezitolo zokulungisa zizohlukanisa umthethosivivinywa uma ubuza ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe.
Buza umqashi wakho. Abanye abaqashi banikeza inkokhelo ngaphandle kwezindleko.
Cela inyunyana yesikweletu ngemali mboleko encane. Abaningi bakuvumela ukuthi ujoyine uma uhlala noma usebenza endaweni ethile.
Sebenzisa isikhwama sakho esiphuthumayo bese usigcwalisa kabusha. Bheka Qala isikhwama esiphuthumayo.
Shayela i-211 e-DC, eMaryland, noma eVirginia ukuthola usizo lwamahhala lokuthola usizo lwendawo ngerenti, izikweletu zosizo nokudla.

I-Credit Union Payday Alternative Loans

Ngokusho kweNational Credit Union Administration (NCUA), ngo-2026 izinyunyana zezikweletu zikahulumeni zinganikeza i-Payday Alternative Loans (PALs) ukuthi:

Khokhisa inzalo efinyelela ku-28%, kanye nemali yesicelo engekho ngaphezu kuka- $ 20.
Boleka u- $ 200 kuya ku- $ 1,000 izinyanga ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-6 kubantu ababe ngamalungu okungenani inyanga eyodwa, noma kuze kufike ku- $ 2,000 izinyanga ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-12 ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokulinda esidingekayo.
Ayikwazi ukugingqika. Umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukuthola ngaphezu kwezintathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Akuzona zonke izinyunyana zesikweletu ezinikeza ama-PAL, ngakho-ke buza. Ezinye izinyunyana zezikweletu zamukela i-ITIN (Inombolo Yokuhlonza Intela Yomuntu Ngabanye) esikhundleni senombolo yokuphepha komphakathi.

Ithiphu

Usizo lwamahhala oluseduze nawe

Usuvele unayo imalimboleko ebiza kakhulu ongeke uyikhokhe? Usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala lungatholakala ku-Legal Aid DC, Maryland Legal Aid, kanye neLegal Services yaseNyakatho Virginia. Umeluleki wesikweletu ongenzi nzuzo angakusiza wenze uhlelo lwezikweletu eziningi. Bheka Yenza uhlelo lokukhokha izikweletu.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Qhathanisa imalimboleko nge-APR kanye nenani eliphelele lokukhokha, hhayi ngemali noma usayizi wokukhokha.
Imali engu- $ 15 kwimalimboleko engu- $ 100 amasonto amabili icishe ibe ngu-391% APR.
I-DC neMaryland babeka imingcele ephansi kumanani amaningi enzalo yemalimboleko, futhi iVirginia idinga ababolekisi besikhathi esifushane, kufaka phakathi ababolekisi be-inthanethi, ukuba babe nelayisense.
Amadili okuqasha, izinhlelo zokukhokha ngaphezulu kwesikhathi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhokha kusengaphambili zingabiza kakhulu kunalokho okubonakalayo.
Ngaphambi kwemalimboleko ebiza kakhulu, zama uhlelo lokukhokha, imalimboleko encane yenyunyana yesikweletu, noma usizo lwamahhala lwendawo.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Konke okumele ukwazi mayelana nemali mboleko yemoto nemali mboleko (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Isebenza kanjani imalimboleko yesihloko semoto nemoto, kubiza malini, nezinye izinketho zokuzama kuqala.
Qué saber sobre los préstamos de día de pago y con título de propiedad de un carro (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Iseluleko esifanayo se-FTC ngemalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha kanye nesihloko semoto, ngeSpanishi.
Imali mboleko ehlukile yokukhokha (Enye iwebhusayithi)
National Credit Union Administration (MyCreditUnion.gov) · Ulimi: English

Imithetho ye-PAL yenyunyana yesikweletu, kufaka phakathi amanani, imigomo, nemikhawulo yemali.
Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Amalungelo akho nababolekisi bosuku lokukhokha, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ungabavimbela kanjani ukuthatha imali ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.