Izisekelo zemali: Hlela, Landelela, futhi Londoloze · Isifundo 2 2

Qala Isikhwama Esiphuthumayo kusuka ku-Zero

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokonga u- $ 500 wakho wokuqala, lapho ungayigcina khona ngokuphepha, nokuthi ungayigcwalisa kanjani ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa. (About 14 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Qhathanisa ukuthi yini ephuthumayo ephuthumayo lapho ukhokha ngokulondoloza, ngekhadi lesikweletu, noma ngemalimboleko ebiza kakhulu.
Beka umgomo wokuqala ukonga bese uhlela inani lamasonto onke ukuze ulifinyelele.
Khetha indawo ephephile, yomshuwalense yokonga okuphuthumayo bese usetha ukonga okuzenzakalelayo.
Nquma ukuthi yini ebalulwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo, bese wenza uhlelo lokugcwalisa kabusha isikhwama ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sichaza ukuthi kungani isikhwama esiphuthumayo sibalulekile nokuthi ungagcina kuphi ukonga. Lesi sifundo siguqula lokho kube uhlelo lwesonto ngesonto olunezinombolo zangempela, futhi lukhombisa ukuthi ungasivikela kanjani isikhwama sakho futhi usigcwalise kabusha ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa.

Amagama okumele wazi

Isikhwama esiphuthumayo (Emergency fund): Imali oyigcina kuphela ngezindleko ezingalindelekile okufanele ukhokhe, njengokulungiswa kwemoto oyidingayo ukuze ufike emsebenzini noma imali yezokwelapha ephuthumayo.
I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti onyaka) (APR (annual percentage rate)): Izindleko zonyaka zokuboleka imali, kufaka phakathi inzalo kanye nezimali eziningi, zikhonjiswe njengephesenti.
I-Rollover (Rollover): Ukukhokha imali yokuhambisa usuku olufanele lwemalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane kamuva. Usakweleta inani eliphelele, futhi i-rollover ngayinye yengeza imali entsha.
Umshuwalense wediphozithi (Deposit insurance): Ukuvikelwa kukahulumeni okukhokhela imali yakho, kuze kube ngumkhawulo, uma ibhange elinomshuwalense noma inyunyana yesikweletu yehluleka. I-FDIC iqinisekisa amabhange, kanti i-NCUA iqinisekisa izinyunyana zezikweletu.
Idiphozi eqondile (Direct deposit): Lapho umqashi wakho noma i-ejensi kahulumeni ithumela imali ngqo ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange noma yenyunyana yesikweletu esikhundleni sokukunikeza isheke.
I-akhawunti ye-ABLE (ABLE account): I-akhawunti ekhethekile yokonga yabanye abantu abakhubazekile eyaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-46. Imali ekuyo ayibalwa ku-SSI, kuze kufike kumkhawulo.

Isibonelo

Ukulungiswa kwe- $ 400, izindlela ezintathu zokukhokha

U-Amina uhlala e-Alexandria, eVirginia, futhi usebenza njengomsizi wezempilo ekhaya. Ushayela emakhaya amakhasimende akhe. Ngelinye ilanga ekuseni imoto yakhe idinga ukulungiswa kwe- $ 400. Ngaphandle kwemoto, akakwazi ukusebenza. Nakhu okubiza okufanayo kwe- $ 400 yokulungisa, kuye ngokuthi ukhokha kanjani.

Kubiza kanjani ukulungiswa kwemoto engu- $ 400
Indlela u-Amina akhokha ngayo	Izindleko ezengeziwe	Ingqikithi ayikhokhayo
Kusuka esikhwameni sakhe esiphuthumayo	$ 0	$ 400
Ikhadi lesikweletu ku-24% APR, ukukhokha u- $ 25 ngenyanga (cishe izinyanga ezingama-20)	Mayelana ne- $ 87	Mayelana ne- $ 487
Imalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha eku-inthanethi ngemali engu- $ 15 ngayinye ye- $ 100, ekhokhwa emavikini ama-2	$ 60	$ 460
Imali mboleko efanayo, yagingqika izikhathi ezi-4 ngaphambi kokuthi ayikhokhe (amasonto ayi-10)	$ 300	$ 700

$ 15 ÷ $ 100 × 365 ÷ izinsuku ze-14 × 100 = cishe i-391% APR

I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti onyaka) yizindleko zonyaka zokuboleka, kufaka phakathi inzalo nezimali eziningi. I-APR engama-24% ekhadini lesikweletu icishe ibe ngu-2% webhalansi inyanga ngayinye. Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha engu- $ 15 ngayinye engu- $ 100 amasonto amabili ilingana ne-APR engaba ngu-391%. Lapho imalimboleko yesikhashana ivuselelwa, noma iguqulwa, ukhokha imali entsha kepha usakweleta i- $ 400 ephelele. Yileyo ndlela i- $ 400 iba ngu- $ 700. Imithetho e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia inciphisa izindleko zalezi malimboleko, kepha abanye ababolekisi abaku-inthanethi abalandeli leyo mithetho. Bheka isifundo semalimboleko yesikhathi esiphezulu.

Nge- $ 400 esikhwameni esiphuthumayo, ukulungiswa kubiza u- $ 400 futhi akukho okunye. Lesi yisizathu sokuqala ukonga, ngisho nangamanani amancane.

Beka umgomo wokuqala

Isikhwama esiphuthumayo yimali oyigcina kuphela ngezindleko ezingalindelekile okufanele ukhokhe. Izimo eziphuthumayo eziningi zibiza amakhulu ambalwa amaRandi, ngakho-ke qala ngomgomo we- $ 500. Lapho ufinyelela, zibekele umgomo wesibili: inyanga eyodwa yezidingo nezibopho zakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukonga izinyanga ezimbalwa zezindleko zokuphila. Isinyathelo ngasinye sikwenza uphephe kakhudlwana.

Ukuze uthole inani lakho lamasonto onke, hlukanisa umgomo wakho ngenani lamasonto ofuna ukuwathatha.

$ 500 ÷ amasonto angama-26 (cishe izinyanga ze-6) = $ 19.23, noma cishe u- $ 20 ngesonto

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukulondoloza u- $ 500
Londoloza masonto onke	Amasonto afinyelela ku- $ 500	Mayelana nesikhathi esingakanani
$ 10	50	Izinyanga ezingu-11 nesigamu
$ 20	25	Cishe izinyanga ezingu-6
$ 25	20	Izinyanga ezi-4 nesigamu
$ 50	10	kugcine ukuphendulwa ngu 2 izinyanga ezidlule

Thola imali ongayilondoloza

Ukonga u- $ 20 ngesonto kungazizwa kunzima lapho imali isivele iphansi. Bheka amanani amancane ezindaweni eziningana:

Ukusikeka okuncane. Bheka uhlelo lwakho lokusebenzisa imali. Ukudla isikhathi esisodwa kancane ngesonto noma ukulahla isevisi eyodwa yokusakaza kungakunika ingxenye noma yonke i- $ 20 yakho.
Ukubuyiselwa kwentela yakho. Uma ufaka, ungacela i-IRS ukuthi ihlukanise ukubuyiselwa kwakho kuma-akhawunti amathathu egameni lakho (noma igama lomlingani wakho, uma ufaka ndawonye). Isoftware yentela ivame ukubuza ngalokhu. Ekubuyiselweni kwephepha, usebenzisa ifomu 8888. Thumela ingxenye yembuyiselo ngqo ukonga. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2025, i-IRS imvamisa iyekile ukuthumela amasheke wokubuyiselwa kwemali ephepheni, ngakho-ke i-akhawunti yasebhange noma yenyunyana yesikweletu nayo yenza ukubuyiselwa kwakho kube lula. Ukuze uthole usizo lwamahhala, bheka isifundo sokugcwalisa intela yakho mahhala.
Ukukhushulwa nokukhokhelwa okungeziwe. Uma uthola ukukhushulwa, gcina ingxenye yayo ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuyisebenzisa. Uma ukhokhelwa njalo emavikini amabili, iminyaka eminingi inezinyanga ezimbili ngemali yesithathu. Londoloza ingxenye noma konke.
Imali emangazayo. Ibhonasi, isipho, noma isonto elinamathiphu amakhulu lingaya ngqo esikhwameni.
Izinkokhelo eziqediwe. Lapho ukhokha isikweletu, qhubeka ukhokha okufanayo, kodwa ukonga kwakho.

Ungayigcina kuphi

Gcina isikhwama sakho esiphuthumayo kwi-akhawunti yokonga ebhange elishuwalense yi-FDIC noma inyunyana yesikweletu eyenziwe yi-NCUA. Umshuwalense wediphozithi uhlanganisa kuze kufike ku- $ 250,000 ngediphozithi ngayinye, ibhange ngalinye elinomshuwalense noma inyunyana yesikweletu, esigabeni ngasinye sobunikazi be-akhawunti. Uma ibhange noma inyunyana yesikweletu yehluleka, ubuyisela imali yakho yomshuwalense.

Indawo engcono kakhulu kulula ukuyifinyelela, kepha akulula kakhulu. I-akhawunti yokonga ehlukile ebhange lakho noma enyunyana yesikweletu ikuvumela ukuthi uhambise imali ngokushesha lapho uyidinga, kepha ngeke uyichithe ngengozi esitolo. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukungaxhumanisi ikhadi lasebhange ku-akhawunti yabo yokonga.

Imali ekhaya ingalahleka, yebiwe, noma ishiswe emlilweni, futhi ayinawo umshuwalense. Amanye amabhange nezinyunyana zezikweletu zivula ama-akhawunti abantu abangenayo inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi. Bheka isifundo sokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange.

Uma uthola izinzuzo zomphakathi

Ezinye izinzuzo zibala ukonga kwakho. Ngo-2026, ukuthola i-Supplemental Security Income (SSI), izinsiza zakho ezibalwayo, kufaka phakathi ukonga okuningi, kufanele kube ngu- $ 2,000 noma ngaphansi komuntu oyedwa, noma u- $ 3,000 wombhangqwana, ngokusho kwe-Social Security Administration. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2026, abantu abakhubazekile baqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-46 bangakwazi ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-ABLE. Imali ekwi-akhawunti ye-ABLE ayibalwa ku-SSI, kuze kube ngumkhawulo. Ezinye izinhlelo zinemithetho ehlukile, ngakho-ke buza u-caseworker wakho noma umeluleki wezinzuzo ngaphambi kokonga imali eningi.

Ithiphu

Yenza ukonga kwenzeke ngokwayo

Buza umqashi wakho ukuthi ungahlukanisa idiphozi yakho eqondile yini, ngakho-ke ingxenye yomholo wakho iya ekongeni imali ethile. Ngokuvamile ungathumela inani elibekiwe, njenge- $ 20, ukonga futhi okunye ukuhlola.
Uma ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa inkokhelo yakho, setha ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwebhange ngosuku olulandelayo lokukhokha.
Uma ukhokhelwa ngokheshi noma ngamathiphu, khetha usuku olulodwa ngesonto ukuze ufake imali yakho yokonga ngaphambi kokuchitha.
Qala ngemali ongaqhubeka nokulondoloza. $ 10 ngesonto ingcono kune- $ 50 isikhathi esisodwa.

Ukulondoloza kuqala, ngaphambi kokuchitha, kusebenza kangcono kunokonga noma yini esele ekupheleni kwenyanga.

Ingabe kuyisimo esiphuthumayo? Buza imibuzo emithathu

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isikhwama sakho, hlola:

Ngabe kungalindelekile? Izipho zamaholide nezinto zesikole ziza minyaka yonke. Zilungiselele ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenzisa imali esikhundleni salokho.
Ingabe kuyadingeka? Ngabe ukukhokha ngeke kulimaze impilo yakho, ukuphepha kwakho, ikhaya lakho, noma umsebenzi wakho?
Ingabe kuyaphuthuma? Kufanele ikhokhwe manje, noma ingalinda ngenkathi uyilondoloza?

Uma impendulo yazo zontathu inguyebo, sebenzisa isikhwama. Yilokho okuhlolwe. Izibonelo: ukulungiswa kwemoto okudingayo ukuze ufike emsebenzini, umthethosivivinywa ophuthumayo wezokwelapha noma wamazinyo, noma ukuqasha ngenyanga lapho amahora akho ancishiwe. Ukudayiswa, ifoni entsha, noma uhambo akuyona into ephuthumayo.

Qaphela

Izimo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo nabantu abafuna ukulondolozwa kwakho

Abakhohlisi bayazi ukuthi abantu bagcina imali ephuthumayo, futhi baqamba izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze bayithole.

Ilungu lomndeni elisenkingeni. Ucingo noma umyalezo uzwakala njengomzukulu wakho, ingane, noma umzala wakho. Badinga imali njengamanje futhi bakucela ukuthi uyigcine iyimfihlo. Abakhohlisi bangakopisha ngisho nezwi lomuntu ngamathuluzi ekhompyutha. Qeda ucingo. Bese ushayela ilungu lomndeni wakho, noma esinye isihlobo, ngenombolo oyaziyo.
"I-akhawunti ephephile". Othile uthi bavela ebhange lakho noma ejensi kahulumeni futhi bakutshela ukuthi uhambise imali yakho ukuze uyivikele. I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ithi ngeke ikutshele ukuthi uhambise imali yakho ukuyivikela. Qeda ucingo bese ushayela ibhange lakho ngenombolo ekhadini lakho noma isitatimende.
Izindlela ezingajwayelekile zokukhokha. Othile ukucela ukuthi ulungise isimo esiphuthumayo ngamakhadi ezipho, i-cryptocurrency, ukudluliswa kwentambo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha. Ayikho ibhizinisi langempela noma i-ejensi kahulumeni ezokutshela ukuthi uthenge ikhadi lesipho ukuze ulikhokhe.

Ungasheshi. Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo ngaphambi kokuthumela imali. Bika imikhonyovu ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov. Funda kabanzi esifundweni sokubona imikhonyovu.

Gcwalisa isikhwama ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa

Ukusebenzisa isikhwama sakho akukhona ukwehluleka. Isikhwama senze lokho esenzelwe ukukwenza. Manje yenza uhlelo lokugcwalisa kabusha.

Entwasahlobo edlule, u-Amina wayene- $ 500 elondoloziwe. Wayedinga u- $ 350 ngezinyo eliphukile elibuhlungu futhi edinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Wayesele u- $ 150.

$ 350 ukugcwalisa kabusha ÷ $ 25 ngesonto = amasonto ayi-14

Bhala phansi ukuthi usesebenzisile malini nokuthi ungakanani osele.
Buyela emuva enanini lakho lamasonto onke. Engeza kancane uma ungakwazi, isibonelo u- $ 25 esikhundleni se- $ 20.
Thumela imali yakho elandelayo emangazayo, njengokubuyiselwa kwentela, ibhonasi, noma inkokhelo yesithathu, esikhwameni.
Cabanga ngalokho okuholele kulesi simo esiphuthumayo. Ungakwazi yini ukuhlela ngesikhathi esilandelayo? Uma imoto yakho idinga ukulungiswa njalo ngonyaka, engeza umugqa wokulungisa imoto ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenzisa imali.

Lapho isikhwama sifinyelela ku- $ 500 futhi, qhubeka ubheke umgomo wakho olandelayo: inyanga eyodwa yezidingo zakho nezibopho zakho.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Okuphuthumayo okungu- $ 400 okukhokhelwa ukonga kubiza u- $ 400. Ikhokhwe ngemalimboleko ebiza kakhulu evuselelwa, ingabiza u- $ 700.
Qala ngomgomo we- $ 500. Ukonga u- $ 20 ngesonto kukuholela lapho cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Gcina isikhwama ku-akhawunti yokonga yomshuwalense we-FDIC noma i-NCUA, ihlukaniswe nezindleko zakho zansuku zonke.
Londoloza ngokuzenzakalelayo: Hlukanisa idiphozi yakho eqondile, noma usethe ukudluliswa kosuku olulandelayo lokukhokha.
Ukusebenzisa isikhwama akuyona ukwehluleka. Ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa, yenza uhlelo lokugcwalisa kabusha.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Umhlahlandlela obalulekile wokwakha isikhwama esiphuthumayo (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokwakha ukonga: setha umkhuba, zenzekelayo ukudlulisa, uhlukanise idiphozi yakho eqondile, futhi ugcine ingxenye yokubuyiselwa kwentela yakho.
Londoloza Izinto Ezingalindelekile Nekusasa Lakho (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) · Ulimi: English

Imibono yokuthola imali yokulondoloza, ukusetha ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, nokugcina ukonga ku-akhawunti yomshuwalense.
Ahorrar para lo inesperado y para el futuro (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela ofanayo ngeSpanishi: ukuthola imali yokulondoloza, ukusetha ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, nokugcina ukonga ku-akhawunti yomshuwalense.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.