Ukuqwashisa nge-Scam nokuvikelwa kobunikazi · Isifundo 1 3

Bona imikhonyovu yanamuhla: abakhohlisayo, imibhalo, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhokha

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zonke izabelana ngomkhonyovu, imiyalezo yangempela yezibonelo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngehora lokuqala uma ukhohlisiwe. (About 15 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Qaphela izimpawu ezine imikhonyovu eminingi ehlanganyela: igama omethembayo, inkinga noma umklomelo, ingcindezi, kanye nenkokhelo okunzima ukuyibuyisela emuva.
Khomba imikhonyovu ekhohlisayo eyenza sengathi iyi-ejensi yokukhokha, inkampani yokulethwa, ibhange lakho, noma ilungu lomndeni.
Chaza ukuthi kungani imali ethunyelwe ngekhadi lesipho, i-crypto, ucingo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha kunzima ukuyibuyisela.
Sebenzisa ukumisa, ubambe, futhi ushayele emuva umkhuba, futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma usuvele ukhokhele.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa izimpawu zokukhwabanisa nokuthi kungani kufanele uvikele imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu. Lesi sifundo sikhombisa imikhonyovu abantu endaweni ye-DC abayibona namuhla, ngemiyalezo yesampula, futhi ikunikeza uhlelo lwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngehora lokuqala ngemuva komkhonyovu.

Amagama okumele wazi

Umkhohlisi womkhohlisi (Impostor scam): Umkhonyovu lapho othile enza sengathi ungumuntu noma iqembu omethembayo, njengebhange, i-ejensi kahulumeni, inkampani, noma isihlobo.
I-phishing (Phishing): Umlayezo mbumbulu, i-imeyili, noma iwebhusayithi ezama ukukukhohlisa ukuthi unikeze amaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi, noma olunye ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Uma kukhulunywa ngomyalezo wombhalo, kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-smishing.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha (Payment app): Uhlelo lokusebenza noma isevisi yasebhange esetshenziselwa ukuthumela imali kwabanye abantu, njengeZelle, i-Cash App, iVenmo, noma i-PayPal.
Ukudluliswa okungagunyaziwe (Unauthorized transfer): Imali ethathwe ku-akhawunti yakho ngomunye umuntu ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, isibonelo isela elingene ku-akhawunti yakho.
Ikhodi yesikhathi esisodwa (One-time code): Inombolo emfushane inkampani ethumela efonini yakho noma ku-imeyili ukuhlola ukuthi nguwe ngempela. Ungalokothi uyifunde kumuntu okushayelayo.
Umkhonyovu wokukhokha ngokweqile (Overpayment scam): Umkhonyovu lapho othile ekuthumelela isheke elikhohlisayo ngaphezu kwalokho akukweleta futhi akucela ukuthi ubuyisele imali eyengeziwe.

Izimpawu ezine cishe zonke izabelo zomkhonyovu

Ukukhwabanisa okukhohlisayo uhlobo lokukhwabanisa abantu abalubika kaningi: othile wenza sengathi ungumuntu noma iqembu omethembayo. Ngo-2025, abantu batshele iFederal Trade Commission (FTC) ukuthi balahlekelwe cishe ngama- $ 16 billion ngenxa yokukhwabanisa. Leyo yimali ephakeme kunazo zonke erekhodiwe. Ukukhwabanisa kwe-impostor kuthathe u- $ 3.5 billion. Kulokho, abakhohlisi abazenza ibhizinisi bathatha cishe u- $ 1 billion, futhi amabhange mbumbulu abangela ukulahleka okukhulu kulelo qembu.

Izindaba ziyashintsha, kepha iphethini ihlala ifana. Bheka lezi zimpawu ezine:

Igama omethembayo. Umlayezo uthi uvela ebhange lakho, i-IRS, inkampani ye-toll, ihhovisi leposi, inkampani yakho yamandla, noma isihlobo. I-ID ye-imeyili ne-imeyili kulula ukukhohlisa.
Inkinga noma umklomelo. Ukweleta imali, i-akhawunti yakho ikhiyiwe, isihlobo sisenkingeni, noma uwine okuthile.
Ingcindezi nemfihlo. Kufanele uthathe isinyathelo namuhla. Ungase uzwe izinsongo zokuboshwa, ukuxoshwa, noma ilayisense elahlekile. Utshelwa ukuthi ungatsheli muntu.
Inkokhelo okunzima ukuyibuyisela emuva. Amakhadi ezipho, i-cryptocurrency (crypto), ukudluliswa ngocingo, uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha, noma imali enikezwe umuntu oza ekhaya lakho.

Uma ubona ngisho neyodwa yalezi zimpawu, nciphisa ijubane. Amabhizinisi athembekile nama-ejensi akunikeza isikhathi sokuhlola.

Ithiphu

Yima,

Yeka. Ungachofozi, ukhokhe, noma wabelane nganoma yini okwamanje. Inkinga yangempela izoba khona emizuzwini eyishumi.
Bamba noma uvale umyalezo. Ungaphenduli, futhi ungashayeli inombolo umyalezo okunikeza yona.
Shayela inombolo oyitholayo. Sebenzisa inombolo ngemuva kwekhadi lakho, kumthethosivivinywa wakho, kuhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni, noma kuwebhusayithi ye-ejensi .gov.
Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo. Abakhohlisi bafuna ukuthi ugcine izimfihlo. Umngane, ilungu lomndeni, noma umfundisi wakho we-Dollar Scholars angakusiza ucabange.

Imilayezo emithathu ongayibona kuleli sonto

1. Umbhalo we-toll ongakhokhelwa

ISAZISO SE-E-ZPass: Une-toll engakhokhelwa engu- $ 6.99. Khokha namuhla ukugwema imali ekhokhwayo engu- $ 50 sekwephuzile nokubamba ilayisense yakho yokushayela: [isixhumanisi]

Imibhalo efana nalena iya kubantu kuyo yonke indawo ye-DC. Ummeli Jikelele we-DC uxwayise ukuthi i-DC ayinayo i-ejensi yayo ye-toll, kepha abantu abanezinombolo zocingo ezingama-202 basathola imibhalo ye-toll mbumbulu. Isixhumanisi siya kuwebhusayithi mbumbulu entshontsha inombolo yekhadi lakho nemininingwane yomuntu siqu. Izinhlelo ze-toll zaseMaryland naseVirginia zithi azikaze zicele ukukhokha ngomyalezo wombhalo. Uma ushayela emigwaqweni ye-toll, hlola i-akhawunti yakho kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ejensi yakho ye-toll noma uhlelo lokusebenza. Thayipha ikheli ngokwakho.

2. Umbhalo wokulethwa kwephakheji

I-USPS: Iphakethe lakho alikwazi ukulethwa ngoba ikheli aliphelele. Buyekeza ikheli lakho kungakapheli amahora ayi-12: [isixhumanisi]

I-US Postal Service ithi ayithumeli imiyalezo ngaphandle kokuthi ucele izibuyekezo zokulandela umkhondo ngenombolo yokulandelela, futhi imibhalo yayo ayiqukethe isixhumanisi. Umbhalo we-USPS onesixhumanisi ungumkhonyovu.

3. Ucingo oluvela emnyangweni wokukhwabanisa webhange

"Leli yiqembu lokukhwabanisa ebhange lakho. Simise inkokhelo engu- $ 950 esitolo eBaltimore. I-akhawunti yakho ayiphephile. Ukuvikela imali yakho, sizoyihambisa ku-akhawunti entsha ephephile. Okokuqala, ngifunde ikhodi esisanda kukuthumelela umyalezo. "

I-FTC ithi eminye yemikhonyovu ebiza kakhulu iqala ngocingo olufana nalolu. Oshayela ucingo angakwazi igama lakho namadijithi wokugcina ekhadi lakho. I-FTC ixwayisa ukuthi umkhonyovu kuphela ozokutshela ukuthi uhambise imali yakho ukuyivikela. Noma ngubani ocela ikhodi ethunyelwe efonini yakho uzama ukungena ku-akhawunti yakho. Bamba bese ushayela inombolo ngemuva kwekhadi lakho.

Ngemibhalo, ungaphenduli. Sebenzisa inketho yefoni yakho ethi "umbiko we-junk" noma udlulise umbhalo ku-7726 (inombolo ichaza i-SPAM), bese uyisusa.

Kungani ezinye izinkokhelo zinzima kangaka ukubuyiselwa

Ukuthi ukhokhe kanjani, nokuthi ngubani othumele imali, nquma ukuthi ungakanani usizo ongaluthola.

Amathuba akho okubuyisa imali
Kwenzekeni	Yini ongayenza
Isela lingena ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha futhi lathumela imali ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.	Lokhu ukudluliswa okungagunyaziwe, noma ngabe umkhohlisi ukukhohlisa ukuthi wabelane ngephasiwedi yakho noma ikhodi. Umthetho we-Federal ukunikeza amalungelo aqinile uma utshela ibhange lakho noma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngokushesha.
Uthumele imali kuhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha ngokwakho, ngoba othile waqamba amanga kuwe.	Ibhange noma uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuvamile akudingeki ukuthi uyibuyisele. Bika ngokushesha bese ubuza noma kunjalo.
Ukhokhele ngekhadi lesipho.	Shayela inkampani yekhadi lesipho ngokushesha. Gcina ikhadi nerisidi. Ezinye izinkampani zingabuyisela imali yakho.
Uthumele ucingo, isibonelo nge-Western Union noma i-MoneyGram.	Shayela inkampani ngokushesha bese uyicela ukuthi iyeke futhi ibuyisele ukudluliswa.
Ukhokhe nge-crypto noma ku-ATM ye-crypto.	Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisa. Bika enkampanini oyisebenzisile naku-FTC.

Yingakho abakhohlisi becela lezi zinkokhelo. Ayikho ibhizinisi langempela noma i-ejensi kahulumeni ezokutshela ukuthi uthenge ikhadi lesipho ukuze ulikhokhe.

Ikhadi lesikweletu likunikeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Ngaphansi komthetho wobumbano, iningi ongalikweleta ngemali ekhadini lesikweletu elilahlekile noma elintshontshiwe ngu- $ 50.

Ama-clones wezwi kanye nezingcingo eziphuthumayo zomndeni

Abakhohlisi manje bangakopisha izwi lomuntu kusuka ekuqopheni okufushane okuthunyelwe ku-inthanethi, njengevidiyo. Bese bebiza umzali noma ugogo nomkhulu wakhe. Izwi likhala futhi lithi, "Ngibe sengozini futhi ngisejele. Ngicela uthumele imali. Ungatsheli umama."

I-FBI iphakamisa ukuthi imindeni ivumelane ngegama noma ibinzana eliyimfihlo. Isihlobo sangempela esisenkingeni sizokwazi. Izwi elikopishiwe ngeke likwenze.

Khetha igama lekhodi nomndeni wakho namuhla. Ungalithumeli ku-inthanethi.
Uma uthola ucingo oluphuthumayo, cela igama lekhodi, noma ubuze umbuzo umuntu wangempela kuphela ongawuphendula.
Chofoza bese ushayela isihlobo sakho inombolo onayo kakade.
Shayela elinye ilungu lomndeni, ngisho noma oshayela ucingo uthe uyigcine iyimfihlo.

Isibonelo

Indlela yokukhohlisa ngokweqile ekhipha i-akhawunti yakho

UMaria uhlala eHyattsville. Uthengisa itafula elisetshenzisiwe ku-inthanethi ngo- $ 200. Umthengi umthumelela isheke le- $ 1,200 futhi uthi wenze iphutha. Ucela uMaria ukuthi agcine u- $ 200 futhi athumele u- $ 1,000 owengeziwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, ibhange lakhe likhombisa imali njengoba ikhona, ngakho-ke uMaria uyithumela.

Ngokomthetho, amabhange kufanele enze imali efakwe itholakale ngokushesha. Kungathatha amasonto ukuthola ukuthi isheke liyinkohliso. Lapho isheke likhuphuka, ibhange libuyisela inani eliphelele.

Kwenzekani nge-akhawunti yasebhange kaMariya
Isinyathelo	Inani
UMaria ufaka isheke lomthengi	+ $ 1,200
UMaria ubuyisela imali "eyengeziwe"	- $ 1,000
Ibhange lithola ukuthi isheke liyinkohliso bese libuyisela imali	- $ 1,200
Ukulahleka kukaMariya (futhi mhlawumbe wanikela itafula)	- $ 1,000

$ 1,200 − $ 1,000 − $ 1,200 = − $ 1,000

Iqhinga elifanayo livela emisebenzini mbumbulu, ukunikezwa "komthengi oyimfihlakalo", nezincwadi zomklomelo. Uma othile ekuthumelela okungaphezu kwalokho akukweletayo futhi ecela ukubuyiselwa imali, kuwumkhonyovu.

Usuvele ukhokhelwe? Uhlelo lwakho lwehora lokuqala

Imikhonyovu ingenzeka kunoma ubani. Thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, futhi ungabi namahloni ukucela usizo. Lapho usheshe uthathe isinyathelo, amathuba akho angcono.

Yeka konke ukuxhumana nomkhonyovu. Ungathumeli imali eyengeziwe, noma ngabe bathembisa ukubuyisa inkokhelo yokuqala.
Shayela ibhange lakho, inkampani yamakhadi, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha usebenzisa inombolo ekhadini lakho noma kuhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni. Yithi, "Lokhu kungukukhwabanisa." Bacele ukuthi bayeke noma babuyisele emuva inkokhelo futhi bavikele i-akhawunti yakho.
Ukuze uthole ikhadi lesipho noma ucingo, shayela inkampani yamakhadi wesipho noma inkampani yocingo ngokushesha. Gcina ikhadi, irisidi, nenombolo yokudlulisa.
Uma wabelana ngephasiwedi noma ikhodi, shintsha amaphasiwedi akho bese uvula ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili. Ngayo, isayithi licela ikhodi, evame ukuthunyelwa efonini yakho, ngemuva kwephasiwedi yakho, ngakho-ke isela elinephasiwedi yakho kuphela alikwazi ukungena.
Bika umkhonyovu ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov (ngeSpanishi ku-ReporteFraude.ftc.gov). Uma kwenzeka ku-inthanethi, ungabika futhi ku-FBI ku-ic3.gov.
Uma unikeze inombolo yakho yokuphepha kwezenhlalo noma i-ITIN, landela izinyathelo esifundweni sethu sokuvikela ubunikazi bakho.

"Sawubona, igama lami ngingu[igama lakho]. Ngishayela ucingo ukubika ukukhwabanisa ku-akhawunti yami ephela ku [amadijithi ama-4 wokugcina]. Namuhla [ngesikhathi], ngithumele u- $ [imali] ku- [igama noma inombolo yocingo umkhonyovu] ngenxa yomkhonyovu. Sicela uyeke noma ubuyisele emuva le nkokhelo, vimba izinkokhelo ezengeziwe kulo muntu, bese uvula isimangalo sokukhwabanisa. Iyini inombolo yami yesimangalo? "

Bhala phansi usuku, isikhathi, igama lomuntu okhulume naye kanye nenombolo yesicelo.

Qaphela

Qaphela ukukhwabanisa kwesibili

Ngemuva kokuthi ulahlekelwe yimali, abakhohlisi bangaxhumana nawe futhi. Bathi bangayibuyisela imali yakho ngemali, noma benza sengathi bavela ku-FTC noma ehhovisi lezomthetho. I-FTC ithi ama-ejensi kahulumeni nezinhlangano ezithembekile azisoze zacela imali ukukusiza ukuthi ubuyiselwe imali.

Abakhohlisi nabo balandela izindaba. Ngemuva kwesiphepho noma izikhukhula, benza sengathi bavela ku-FEMA noma banikeza ukulungiswa okusheshayo uma ukhokhela konke ngaphambili. I-FEMA ayikhokhisi imali yokufaka isicelo. Izinkampani ezithembisa ukulungisa isikweletu sakho zingenye ugibe: akukho emthethweni ukuthi inkampani yokulungisa isikweletu ikukhokhise ngaphambi kokuba ikusize.

Ukuthola izinombolo zocingo zendawo lapho ungabika khona umkhonyovu, bheka Imikhonyovu Ekukhonzeni Abafuduki, Abaqashi, kanye Abafuna Umsebenzi.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Umkhonyovu kuphela ozokutshela ukuthi uhambise imali yakho ukuze uyigcine iphephile, noma ukhokhe umthethosivivinywa ngekhadi lesipho.
Ungasebenzisi isixhumanisi noma inombolo yocingo kumyalezo omangazayo. Thola imininingwane yangempela yokuxhumana ngokwakho.
Uma isela lithumela imali ku-akhawunti yakho, unamalungelo aqinile. Uma uyithumela ngokwakho ngemuva kokuqamba amanga, kunzima kakhulu ukubuya.
Vumelana ngegama lekhodi yomndeni ukuhlola izingcingo eziphuthumayo, noma ngabe izwi lizwakala lingokoqobo.
Uma ukhokhele umkhonyovu, shayela ibhange lakho noma inkampani yokukhokha ngokushesha, bese ubike ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Indlela yokugwema umkhonyovu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Izimpawu ezine zokukhwabanisa, nezindlela ezilula zokuzivikela.
Cómo evitar una estafa (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela we-FTC ngeSpanishi: Izimpawu ezine zokukhwabanisa nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani
Indlela Yokubona, Ukugwema, Nokubika Imikhonyovu Yamasheke Mbumbulu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Isebenza kanjani ukukhokha ngokweqile nokukhwabanisa kwesheke elikhohlisayo, nokuthi ngubani ongamshayela ucingo uma usuvele uthumele imali.
ReportFraud.ftc.gov (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Bika umkhonyovu ku-FTC. Inguqulo yaseSpain ReporteFraude.ftc.gov.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.