Amakhadi wesikweletu nokuphatha izikweletu · Isifundo 2 3
Yenza uhlelo lokukhokha izikweletu
Bhala uhlu lwezikweletu zakho, qhathanisa izindlela ze-avalanche ne-snowball ngezinombolo zangempela, shayela abakweletwayo bakho ukuze uthole usizo, futhi uthole usizo lwezikweletu ongazethemba.
Kuqediwe kulesi sisetshenziswa
Kulesi sifundo
Yini ozoyifunda
- Bhala zonke izikweletu ngebhalansi yazo, isilinganiso senzalo, kanye nenkokhelo encane.
- Qhathanisa izindlela ze-avalanche (izinga eliphakeme kakhulu) kanye ne-snowball (ibhalansi encane kunazo zonke kuqala) usebenzisa izinombolo zangempela.
- Cela umbolekisi ngohlelo lobunzima, isilinganiso esiphansi, noma usuku olusha lokubeka.
- Tshela ukwelulekwa kwesikweletu okungenzi nzuzo ngaphandle kokukhokhelwa kwezikweletu eziyingozi kanye nosizo lwemalimboleko yabafundi olukhokhelwayo.
Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa izindlela ezimbili zokunciphisa izikweletu nokuthi ungaluthola kuphi usizo. Lesi sifundo sisebenza ngazo zombili izindlela ngezikweletu ezintathu ezifanayo. Ingeza iskripthi sokubiza abakweletayo, uhlu lokuhlola lokukhetha usizo lwesikweletu, nokuthi yini eshintshile ngemalimboleko yabafundi bakahulumeni.
Amagama okumele wazi
- Indlela ye-Avalanche (Avalanche method)
- Ukukhokha okwengeziwe esikweletini ngesilinganiso senzalo esiphakeme kakhulu kuqala, futhi ubuncane kwabanye. Imvamisa kubiza inzalo encane.
- Indlela ye-Snowball (Snowball method)
- Ukukhokha okwengeziwe esikweletini esincane kuqala, futhi ubuncane kwabanye. Uqeda isikweletu esisodwa ngokushesha, okungakusiza ukuthi uqhubeke.
- Uhlelo lobunzima (Hardship plan)
- Isivumelwano sesikhashana nombolekisi esinganciphisa inkokhelo yakho, isilinganiso senzalo, noma imali uma unenkinga yemali, njengokulahleka komsebenzi noma ukugula.
- Ukwelulekwa Kwesikweletu (Credit counseling)
- Usizo oluvela kumeluleki oqeqeshiwe obuyekeza isabelomali sakho nezikweletu nawe. Ama-ejensi amaningi angenzi nzuzo ayinikeza mahhala noma imali ephansi.
- Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezikweletu (Debt management plan)
- Uhlelo olusungulwe yi-ejensi yokweluleka ngesikweletu. Wenza inkokhelo eyodwa yanyanga zonke ku-ejensi, futhi ikhokhela abakweletwayo bakho, imvamisa ngamanani enzalo aphansi.
- Ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu (Debt settlement)
- Lapho inkampani izama ukwenza abakweletwayo bakho bamukele okuncane kunalokho okukweletayo. Kuyingozi: kungangeza izimali, kulimaze isikweletu sakho, futhi kuholele emacaleni.
- Loan servicer
- Inkampani ethumela izikweletu zakho zemalimboleko yabafundi, ithatha izinkokhelo zakho, futhi ikusiza ukuthi ushintshe uhlelo lwakho lokukhokha. Usizo lwayo lumahhala.
- I-ID ye-FSA (FSA ID)
- Igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi oyisebenzisayo ukungena ku-StudentAid.gov. Ungalokothi wabelane ngayo nanoma ubani.
Isinyathelo 1: Yenza uhlu lwakho lwezikweletu
Udinga ukubona zonke izikweletu zakho endaweni eyodwa ngaphambi kokwenza uhlelo. Thola izitatimende zakho zakamuva, noma ungene ngemvume ku-akhawunti ngayinye. Bhala phansi izinto ezine ngesikweletu ngasinye.
- Igama lesikweletu, njenge "ikhadi lesitolo" noma "imalimboleko yemoto."
- Indlela ephelele ye-athikili: Isimo Sezulu Senethiwekhi " Isimo Sezulu Senethiwekhi " Isimo sezulu " Malini namuhla
- Isilinganiso senzalo (APR).
- Inkokhelo encane yanyanga zonke kanye nosuku olubekiwe.
Faka konke: amakhadi wesikweletu, amakhadi esitolo, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, izinhlelo "thenga manje, khokha kamuva", izikweletu zezokwelapha, imalimboleko yesihloko semoto noma imoto, nemali oyikweleta umndeni. Kunoma yimuphi umthethosivivinywa odlulile, bhala ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ezisekwephuzile. Umbiko wakho wesikweletu ungakhombisa izikweletu ozikhohliwe. Bheka Funda Umbiko Wakho Wesikweletu bese ulungisa amaphutha.
Okulandelayo, bheka uhlelo lwakho lokusebenzisa imali. Khokhela izidingo ezifana nerenti, ukudla, nezinsiza kuqala. Bese ukhetha inani elilodwa ongalikhokha ezikweletini njalo ngenyanga. Ukukhokha okungaphezu kobuncane yikho okwenza uhlelo lokukhokha lusebenze. Bheka Yakha uhlelo lokuchitha imali oluhambisana nempilo yakho yangempela.
Isibonelo
Izikweletu zikaTesfaye: $ 6,000 ne- $ 300 ngenyanga
UTesfaye usebenza njengomsizi wezempilo wasekhaya e-Alexandria. Ngemuva kwerenti nezinye izidingo, angakwazi ukukhokha u- $ 300 ngenyanga ngesikweletu. Izinkokhelo zakhe ezincane zifinyelela ku- $ 200.
| Isikweletu | Ibhalansi | APR | Inkokhelo encane |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhadi lesitolo | $ 500 | 25% | $ 25 |
| Ikhadi lesikweletu | $ 3,500 | 27% | $ 105 |
| Imali mboleko yenyunyana yesikweletu | $ 2,000 | 11% | $ 70 |
| Ingqikithi | $ 6,000 | $ 200 |
$ 300 ngenyanga - $ 200 ekukhokhelweni okuncane = $ 100 eyengeziwe ngenyanga ngayinye
UTesfaye ukhokha konke okuncane ngesikhathi. Ubeka u- $ 100 owengeziwe esikweletini esisodwa "esihlosiwe". Lapho isikweletu sikhokhelwa, wengeza inkokhelo yayo kumgomo olandelayo. Uyeka ukusebenzisa amakhadi ngenkathi ewakhokha. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokukhetha umgomo.
- I-Avalanche: isilinganiso senzalo esiphakeme kakhulu kuqala. I-oda lakhe yikhadi lesikweletu (27%), bese kuba yikhadi lesitolo (25%), bese kuba yimalimboleko (11%).
- I-Snowball: ibhalansi encane kunazo zonke kuqala. I-oda lakhe yikhadi lesitolo ($ 500), bese kuba yimalimboleko ($ 2,000), bese kuba yikhadi lesikweletu ($ 3,500).
Isibonelo
I-Avalanche noma i-snowball: $ 300 efanayo, imiphumela emibili
| Indlela | Isikweletu sokuqala sikhokhwe | Zonke izikweletu zikhokhelwe | Inzalo ephelele |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izinkokhelo ezincane kuphela ($ 200 ngenyanga) | Inyanga 27 | inyanga 63 | $ 3,525 |
| I-Snowball ($ 300 ngenyanga) | Inyanga 5 | inyanga 26 | $ 1,680 |
| I-Avalanche ($ 300 ngenyanga) | inyanga 22 | Inyanga 25 | $ 1,416 |
| I-Avalanche iqhathaniswa ne-snowball | Inyanga engu-1 ngaphambi kwesikhathi | $ 264 ngaphansi |
Zombili lezi zinhlelo zibiza kancane kakhulu kunokukhokha ubuncane kuphela. Basindisa uTesfaye ngaphezu kwe- $ 1,800 ngenzalo nangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3. I-avalanche igcina imali eningi. I-snowball ikhokha ikhadi lesitolo ngenyanga yesi-5, futhi lokho kunqoba kwasekuqaleni kungamsiza ukuthi aqhubeke. Indlela engcono kakhulu yileyo ozoyilandela njalo ngenyanga.
Lezi zinombolo zicabanga ukuthi izinkokhelo ezincane zihlala zifana futhi inzalo yengezwa kanye ngenyanga. Izinombolo zakho zangempela zizohluka kancane.
Shayela abakweletwayo bakho ngaphambi kokuphuthelwa inkokhelo
Ababolekisi abaningi banezinhlelo zobunzima, kepha kungenzeka bangazikhangisi. Shayela ngokushesha nje lapho wazi ukuthi uzoba nenkinga yokukhokha. Kulula ukuthola usizo ngaphambi kokuphuthelwa inkokhelo.
- Inombolo ye-akhawunti yakho
- Kungani imali yakho yehla noma izindleko zakho zikhuphukile, njengamahora ambalwa noma ukugula
- Imali ongayikhokha njalo ngenyanga, kusuka ohlelweni lwakho lokusetshenziswa kwemali
- Iphepha nepeni ukubhala phansi amagama, izinsuku, kanye nalokho okuvunyelwene ngakho
"Sawubona, igama lami ngingu[igama lakho]. Inombolo yami ye-akhawunti yi-[inombolo]. Imali yami yehle ngoba [isizathu]. Ngifuna ukuqhubeka nokukukhokhela. Ngingakwazi ukukhokha [imali] ngenyanga [inombolo]?
Ngabe unayo uhlelo lobunzima? Unganciphisa isilinganiso sami senzalo noma uhoxise imali sekwephuzile? Ungahambisa usuku lwami lokubeletha lube [usuku], ngemuva kokukhokhelwa?
Ngabe lolu hlelo luzobikwa kumahhovisi ezikweletu? Kwenzekani ekhadini lami ngesikhathi sohlelo? Sicela ungithumelele imigomo ngokubhala. Ngingaba negama lakho nenombolo yereferensi yalolu cingo?
Ungavumelani nenkokhelo ongeke ukwazi ukuyenza. Ezinye izinhlelo zobunzima zivala noma ziqandisile ikhadi, ngakho-ke buza ngaphambi kokuvuma.
Ukwelulekwa ngezikweletu ezingenzi nzuzo kanye nezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezikweletu
Umeluleki wesikweletu ubuyekeza imali yakho, ukusetshenziswa kwemali, nezikweletu, futhi akusize wenze uhlelo. Ama-ejensi amaningi angenzi nzuzo anikeza iseshini yokuqala mahhala noma ngemali ephansi, mathupha, ngocingo, noma ku-inthanethi. Abanye banikeza usizo ngeSpanishi nakwezinye izilimi.
Uma kuhambisana nesimo sakho, umeluleki angaphakamisa uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezikweletu. Uthumela inkokhelo eyodwa njalo ngenyanga ku-ejensi futhi i-ejensi ikhokhela abakweletwayo bakho. Abakweletwayo bangavuma ukwehlisa inzalo yakho noma ukuhoxisa ezinye izimali. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuthatha iminyaka emine noma ngaphezulu, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uvale amakhadi akho wesikweletu.
Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ayikhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ayithembeke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphambi kokubhalisa, hlola lezi zinto.
- Cela yonke imali ebhaliwe.
- Buza ukuthi ngabe abeluleki baqinisekisiwe yini.
- Hlola ilayisense. E-Maryland, izinkampani zokuphathwa kwezikweletu kufanele zibe nelayisense evela eHhovisi Lomthetho Wezezimali. E-Virginia, ama-ejensi okweluleka ngesikweletu anelayisense yi-State Corporation Commission's Bureau of Financial Institutions.
- Thola izikhalazo kummeli wakho jikelele. Ku-DC, xhumana neHhovisi loMmeli Jikelele.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luhambisana nesabelomali sakho. Qhubeka ukhokha izikweletu zakho kuze kube yilapho umbolekisi ngamunye eyamukele uhlelo.
Qaphela
Ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu kanye nezicupho "zokukhululeka kwezikweletu"
Izinkampani zokukhokha izikweletu zithembisa ukwenza abakweletwayo bakho bamukele okuncane kunalokho okukweletayo. Abaningi bakutshela ukuthi uyeke ukukhokha abakweletwayo bakho bese ufaka imali ku-akhawunti ekhethekile esikhundleni salokho. Ngenkathi ulindile, imali ekhokhwayo sekwedlule isikhathi kanye nenzalo iyakhula, amaphuzu akho esikweletu ayancipha, futhi abakweletwayo bangakumangalela. Abantu abaningi bayeka ngaphambi kokuphela kohlelo.
- Akukho emthethweni ukuthi izinkampani zosizo lwezikweletu ezithengisa ngocingo zikukhokhise ngaphambi kokukhokha noma ukunciphisa okungenani eyodwa yezikweletu zakho.
- Qaphela noma iyiphi inkampani ekutshela ukuthi uyeke ukukhokha noma uyeke ukukhuluma nabakweletwayo bakho.
- Akekho ongathembisa ukuqeda zonke izikweletu zakho noma ukusula zonke izikweletu zakho.
- Qaphela izimangalo mayelana "nohlelo olusha lukahulumeni" lwesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu.
Uma okweletwayo ethethelela ingxenye yesikweletu, i-IRS ngokuvamile ibala inani elithethelelwe njengemali engenayo. Ungathola ifomu le-1099-C. Abanye abantu bayakufanelekela ukwehlukana, ngokwesibonelo uma bekweleta okungaphezu kwalokho abanakho. Isayithi lentela lamahhala le-VITA lingasiza. Bheka ifayela lamahhala bese ucela izikweletu ozitholile.
Imali mboleko yabafundi base-Federal: Sebenzisa usizo olusemthethweni lwamahhala
Umthetho wobumbano owaphasiswa ngoJulayi 2025 ushintshe ukuthi izikweletu zabafundi zikahulumeni zikhokhwa kanjani. Izinguquko ezibalulekile zaqala ngoJulayi 1, 2026, futhi uhlelo lokukhokha lwe-SAVE luyaphela. Eminye imithetho nezikhathi ezibekiwe zisamenyezelwa.
Awudingi ukukhokhela noma ngubani ngosizo ngemalimboleko yabafundi be-federal. Ngena ngemvume ku-StudentAid.gov noma ushayele umhlinzeki wakho wemalimboleko. Bobabili bamahhala. Ungalokothi wabelane nge-ID yakho ye-FSA, okuyigama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ye-StudentAid.gov. Abakhohlisi bayisebenzisa ukulawula i-akhawunti yakho.
Imali mboleko yabafundi yangasese ihlukile. Zivela emabhange nakwabanye ababolekisi. Shayela umbolekisi wakho futhi ubuze ukuthi yiziphi izinketho zobunzima anazo.
Ithiphu
Yeka isikweletu ukuba sikhule
Ngenkathi ukhokha isikweletu, zama ukungafaki isikweletu esisha. Gcina isikhwama esincane esiphuthumayo, ngisho namakhulu ambalwa amaRandi, ngakho-ke akudingeki ubeke umthethosivivinywa omangazayo ekhadini. Bheka Qala Isikhwama Esiphuthumayo kusuka ku-Zero. Hlala kude nemali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha nemoto; bheka Intengo yangempela yemalimboleko. Bhala usuku lwakho lokukhokha ekhalendeni lakho, bese umaka isikweletu ngasinye osiqedile.
Izinto ezibalulekile
- Qala ngohlu oluphelele lwezikweletu zakho kanye nenani elilodwa lenyanga ongalikhokha kubo.
- I-Avalanche igcina inzalo enkulu. I-Avalanche ikhokha isikweletu sokuqala ngokushesha. Indlela engcono kakhulu yileyo ozoyilandela.
- Shayela abakweletwayo ngaphambi kokuphuthelwa inkokhelo bese ubuza ngezinhlelo zobunzima. Thola zonke izivumelwano ngokubhala.
- Ungalokothi ukhokhe inkampani yokusiza isikweletu ngaphambi kokuxazulula isikweletu, futhi ungalokothi uyeke ukukhokha ngoba inkampani ikutshela.
- Usizo ngemalimboleko yabafundi be-federal lumahhala ku-StudentAid.gov nakumhlinzeki wakho wemalimboleko.
Hlola ukuqonda kwakho
Phendula imibuzo, bese ukhetha Hlola izimpendulo zami. Thola 4 5 ilungelo ukuqedela lesi sifundo. Awukho umkhawulo wesikhathi, futhi asigcini izimpendulo zakho.
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Kungani ungalokothi ukhokhe imali yangaphambili noma wabelane nge-ID yakho ye-FSA, nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani izikweletu mahhala.
Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.