Amakhadi wesikweletu nokuphatha izikweletu · Isifundo 3 3

Ukubhekana nabaqoqi bezikweletu kanye namacala okuqoqa izikweletu

Amalungelo akho nabaqoqi bezikweletu, incwadi yengxabano yesampula, izikweletu ezindala, ukuthi yini okumele uyenze ngamaphepha enkantolo, nemithetho emisha yemithetho yezokwelapha eDC, eMaryland, naseVirginia. (About 18 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Chaza ukuthi yini abaqoqi bezikweletu abangayenza futhi abangakwazi ukuyenza ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni.
Phikisana nesikweletu noma ucele ubufakazi obubhaliwe kungakapheli iwindi lezinsuku ezingama-30.
Qaphela izikweletu ezindala (ezivinjelwe isikhathi) nabaqoqi mbumbulu ngaphambi kokukhokha.
Phendula amaphepha enkantolo, futhi uphathe izikweletu zezokwelapha ngokucela umthethosivivinywa ocacisiwe kanye nosizo lwezezimali.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Isigaba sethu sihlanganisa ukuthi kwenzekani lapho isikweletu siya ekuqoqweni nokuthi isikweletu sezokwelapha sihluke kanjani. Lesi sifundo singeza incwadi yesampula, indlela yokubheka ukuthi umqoqi ungokoqobo yini, yini okumele uyenze ngamaphepha enkantolo, kanye nemithetho yamanje ye-DC, Maryland, neVirginia.

Amagama okumele wazi

Umqoqi wesikweletu (Debt collector): Inkampani noma umuntu oqoqa izikweletu ezikweletwayo komunye umuntu, noma othenga izikweletu ezindala bese ezama ukuziqoqa.
Isaziso sokuqinisekiswa (Validation notice): Incwadi umqoqi wesikweletu okufanele ayithumele echaza igama lomkweletayo, ikhombisa ukuthi yini oyikweletayo, futhi ichaza ukuthi ungayiphikisa kanjani futhi nini isikweletu.
Umthetho wemingcele (Statute of limitations): Umkhawulo wesikhathi sokukumangalela ngesikweletu. Ngemuva kokuthi sidlulile, isikweletu sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi esivinjelwe.
Isahlulelo esizenzakalelayo (Default judgment): Isinqumo senkantolo ngokumelene nawe ngoba awuzange uphendule ecaleni noma awuzange ufike enkantolo.
Ukuhlobisa iholo (Wage garnishment): Umyalelo wenkantolo owenza umqashi wakho athumele ingxenye yomholo wakho kumuntu okweletayo.
Usizo lwezezimali (ukunakekelwa kwesisa) (Financial assistance (charity care)): Uhlelo lwesibhedlela olunikeza ukunakekelwa kwamahhala noma okuphansi kweziguli ezifanelekile, imvamisa ngokuya ngemali engenayo.
Umthethosivivinywa ocacisiwe (Itemized bill): Umthethosivivinywa ochaza insizakalo ngayinye noma into oyitholile kanye nentengo ngayinye.
Izinga lobuphofu likahulumeni (Federal poverty level): Inani lemali engenayo uhulumeni wobumbano ayibeka minyaka yonke, ngokuya ngosayizi womndeni. Izinhlelo eziningi ziyisebenzisa ukunquma ukuthi ngubani ofanelekayo ukuthola usizo.

Amalungelo akho uma umqoqi ethinta nawe

Umqoqi wezikweletu yinkampani eqoqa izikweletu zomunye umuntu, noma ethenga izikweletu ezindala. Umthetho wobumbano, i-Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, ubeka imithetho yokuthi abaqoqi basebenza kanjani. I-DC neMaryland nazo zinemithetho yazo yokuqoqa izikweletu.

Ngokuvamile, umqoqi akakwazi:

Shayela ngaphambi kuka-8 ekuseni noma ngemuva kuka-9 ebusuku.
Kushayela ucingo ngesikweletu esisodwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-7 ezinsukwini ezingu-7, noma zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7 ngemuva kokukhuluma nawe ngocingo ngakho.
Shayela ucingo emsebenzini uma bazi ukuthi umqashi wakho akakuvumeli.
Yisho ukuthi uzoboshwa, noma uthi bazokumangalela uma lokho kungelona iqiniso.
Yenza sengathi ungummeli noma isisebenzi sikahulumeni.
Khuluma ngesikweletu sakho nezihlobo zakho, omakhelwane, noma umphathi. Bangakhuluma ngakho kuphela nawe, umlingani wakho, noma ummeli wakho. Bangaxhumana nabanye abantu kuphela ukuze bakuthole.
Thumela isikweletu sakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana lapho abanye bangakubona khona.
Ake sithi ukweleta imali ehlukile kunaleyo oyikweletayo ngempela.

Ungatshela umqoqi ukuthi uzoxhumana kanjani futhi nini, isibonelo "akukho izingcingo emsebenzini" noma "ngeposi kuphela." Uma ufuna bayeke ukuxhumana nawe, thumela incwadi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangaxhumana nawe kuphela ukuze bathi bazoyeka noma bakutshele ngesinyathelo esithile, njengecala. Ukuyeka ukuxhumana akususi isikweletu.

Cela ubufakazi nokuphikisana ngokubhaliwe

Umqoqi kufanele akuthumelele isaziso sokuqinisekiswa ekuxhumaneni kwakhe kokuqala noma zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5 ngemuva kwaso. Isaziso sichaza igama lombolekisi, sikhombisa ukuthi yini oyikweletayo ngenzalo nemali, futhi sinikeze usuku lokuphela kwesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-30 sempikiswano.

Ngocingo lokuqala, ungakhokhi noma uvumelane nanoma yini. Cela igama lomqoqi, inkampani, ikheli leposi, nenombolo yocingo.
Linda isaziso sokuqinisekisa, noma ubacele ukuthi bathumele.
Qhathanisa namarekhodi akho. Ngabe isikweletu singowakho? Ngabe inani lilungile? Ngabe usuvele uyikhokhele?
Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle noma okungacacile, thumela incwadi yengxabano ngaphambi kosuku lokuphela kwesaziso. Sebenzisa i-imeyili eqinisekisiwe enerisidi yokubuya, bese ugcina ikhophi.
Ngemuva kokuphikisana ngokubhala zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30, umqoqi kufanele ayeke ukuqoqa inani eliphikisanayo kuze kube yilapho likuphendula.
Gcina irekhodi yezingcingo ngazinye: usuku, isikhathi, igama lomuntu nalokho okushiwoyo.

Isampula yencwadi yempikiswano

[Igama lakho]
[Ikheli lakho]
[Usuku]
[Igama lomqoqi]
[Ikheli lomqoqi]
Maqondana: inombolo ye-akhawunti [inombolo evela kwisaziso]
Ngibhala ngencwadi yakho [usuku]. Ngiphikisana nalesi sikweletu. [Khetha eyodwa: Angisikweleti lesi sikweletu. / Inani alilungile. / Ngidinga ulwazi oluthe xaxa.]
Sicela ungithumelele igama lombolekisi wokuqala, ikhophi yesitatimende sokugcina esivela kulowo muntu okweletayo, nokuthi uyitholile kanjani imali othi ngikweleta. Sicela uxhumane nami ngeposi kuphela.
Le ncwadi ayisho ukuthi ngikweleta lesi sikweletu.
[Isignesha yakho]

Ungafaki inombolo yakho ye-akhawunti yasebhange noma inombolo yokuphepha kwezenhlalo encwadini.

Ingabe umqoqi ungokoqobo? Ingabe isikweletu sikhulile kakhulu?

Hlola ukuthi umqoqi ungokoqobo

Ungalithembi igama ku-ID yomshayeli. Abakhohlisi bangakhohlisa.
Bheka inkampani ngokwakho. Shayela umbolekisi wokuqala bese ubuza ukuthi ngubani ophethe isikweletu manje.
E-Maryland, ama-ejensi okuqoqa kufanele abe nelayisense yombuso. Ungahlola lokhu eHhovisi Lezokulawulwa Kwezezimali.
Ungalokothi ukhokhe ngekhadi lesipho, ukudluliswa kwentambo, i-crypto, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha ngoba oshayela ucingo uyakuphuthuma. Umqoqi wangempela kufanele akuthumelele isaziso esibhaliwe.
Thola isikweletu sakho samahhala ku-AnnualCreditReport.com.

Izikweletu ezindala zinemikhawulo yesikhathi

Umthetho wemingcele ngumkhawulo wesikhathi sokumangalela ngesikweletu. Emazweni amaningi yiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengu-6, kanti ezinye zide. Ngemuva kokuthi isikweletu sidlulile, isikweletu sivinjelwe isikhathi. Umqoqi angase akucele ukuthi ukhokhe, kepha angase angakumangaleli noma asongele ukukumangalela.

DC: Iminyaka emi-3 yezikweletu eziningi zabathengi. Inkokhelo eyenziwe ngemuva kokuthi umkhawulo wesikhathi usudlulile awuyiqali kabusha.
Maryland: Iminyaka engu-3 yezikweletu eziningi zabathengi. Inkokhelo eyenziwe ngemuva kokuthi umkhawulo wesikhathi usudlulile awuyiqali kabusha.
Virginia: Iminyaka emi-3 yesikweletu ngaphandle kwenkontileka ebhaliwe, noma iminyaka emi-5 yesivumelwano esibhaliwe esisayiniwe. Kungaba nzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi esebenzayo. Isithembiso esisayiniwe, esibhaliwe sokukhokha singaqala kabusha umkhawulo wesikhathi.

Umkhawulo wesikhathi sokumangalela awufani nomkhawulo wombiko wesikweletu. Imininingwane eminingi emibi, kufaka phakathi amaqoqo amaningi, ingahlala embikweni wakho wesikweletu iminyaka engu-7. Ngaphambi kokukhokha noma yini ngesikweletu esidala kakhulu, khuluma nosizo lwezomthetho.

Isibonelo

I-Mateo ne-Old Phone Bill

UMateo uhlala eLaurel, eMaryland. Ngo-2020, wayeka ukukhokha umthethosivivinywa wocingo wama- $ 900 lapho elahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ngo-2026, umqoqi ushayela. Uthi manje ukweleta u- $ 1,350 futhi ucela inkokhelo "yokholo oluhle" ye- $ 50 namuhla.

I-ikhaya eliyindawo yokuhlala ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Mateo
Kwenzekeni	Unyaka
UMateo wayeka ukukhokha imali engu- $ 900	2020
Isikhathi seminyaka emi-3 sokumangalela siphelile	2023
Umqoqi ushayela ucingo futhi ucela u- $ 1,350	2026
Ngabe umqoqi angammangalela ngo-2026?	Cha

2020 + 3 iminyaka = 2023, ngakho-ke ngo-2026 isikweletu sivinjelwe isikhathi eMaryland

Umqoqi usengacela uMateo ukuthi akhokhe, kepha angase angamangaleli noma asongele ukumangalela. EMaryland, inkokhelo engu- $ 50 manje ngeke iqale kabusha umkhawulo wesikhathi. UMateo angacela isaziso sokuqinisekiswa ukuze abone ukuthi u- $ 900 waba kanjani u- $ 1,350, futhi angabiza usizo lwezomthetho ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi enzeni.

Qaphela

Amaphepha enkantolo: Ungalokothi uwashaye indiva

Uma okweletwayo noma umqoqi ekumangalela, uzothola amaphepha enkantolo. Zingabizwa ngokuthi isikhalazo, isikhalazo, noma iwaranti yesikweletu. Amaphepha anikeza umnqamulajuqu wokuphendula noma usuku lokuza enkantolo. Uma ungenzi lutho, inkantolo inganikeza isahlulelo esizenzakalelayo ngokumelene nawe ngenani abalicelayo, kanye nezimali. Ngemuva kwalokho bangakwazi ukuhlobisa amaholo akho, ukuqandisa i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange, noma ukufaka i-lien empahleni yakho. I-lien yisimangalo esisemthethweni kwempahla yakho, njengendlu noma imoto, ngemali oyikweletayo. Imvamisa awukwazi ukuthengisa impahla noma ukuboleka ngokumelene nayo kuze kube yilapho isikweletu sikhokhwe.

Funda amaphepha ngosuku owathola ngalo. Bhala phansi yonke umnqamulajuqu nosuku lwenkantolo.
Isheke: Ingabe isikweletu singowakho? Ngabe inani lilungile? Ngabe lidala kakhulu ukuthi lingamangalela? Umqoqi kufanele afakazele icala lakhe.
Shayela usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala ngokushesha. Ungabuza futhi isikhungo sokuzisiza senkantolo ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani.
Phendula ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu bese uya kuzo zonke izinsuku zenkantolo. Uma udinga umhumushi, buza inkantolo kusenesikhathi.
Letha amaphepha akho, izincwadi, amarisidi, kanye nelog yocingo.

Imali ethile ivikelwe. Ukuphepha komphakathi, i-SSI, kanye nezinzuzo zomakadebona ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuthathwa ngabakweletwayo abaningi, ngisho nangemva kokwahlulela.

I-DC: I-Legal Aid DC, (202) 628-1161, kanye ne-DC Bar Pro Bono Center
Maryland: Maryland Legal Aid, 888-465-2468, kanye yamahhala Maryland Court Help Center, 410-260-1392
Virginia: Izinsizakalo Zomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia, 703-778-6800

Izikweletu zezokwelapha: hlola, cela usizo, bese ukhokha

Izikweletu zezokwelapha zivame ukuba namaphutha, futhi eziningi zingancishiswa. Ngaphambi kokukhokha i-bill enkulu yezokwelapha, noma umqoqi owodwa, landela lezi zinyathelo.

Cela umthethosivivinywa ocacisiwe ochaza isevisi ngayinye kanye nentengo yayo.
Qhathanisa nesitatimende somshuwalense wakho wezempilo. Shayela umshuwalense wakho nganoma yisiphi isimangalo esinqatshelwe.
Buza isibhedlela inqubomgomo yaso yosizo lwezezimali kanye nesicelo. Izibhedlela ezingenzi nzuzo kufanele zibe nenqubomgomo ebhaliwe futhi zenze kube lula ukuthola.
Cela uhlelo lokukhokha olungenayo inzalo ehambisana nesabelomali sakho.
Thola zonke izivumelwano ngokubhala.

Imithetho yendawo ye-DC (Septhemba 2026)

Maryland: Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 2025, isikweletu sezokwelapha asikwazi ukubikwa kumahhovisi ezikweletu. Izibhedlela azikwazi ukumangalela isiguli esikweleta u- $ 500 noma ngaphansi. Iziguli zinezinsuku ezingama-240 kusukela kumthethosivivinywa wokuqala ukufaka isicelo sosizo lwezezimali, futhi izibhedlela azikwazi ukumangalela ngaleso sikhathi. Izibhedlela zaseMaryland kufanele zinikeze ukunakekelwa kwamahhala kwezokwelapha ezigulini ezinemali engenayo yomndeni noma ngaphansi kuka-200% wezinga lobuphofu likahulumeni.
Virginia: Kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2024, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nabaqoqi ngeke babike isikweletu sezokwelapha kumahhovisi ezikweletu. Kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2026, isibhedlela noma umqoqi wesikweletu kufanele alinde okungenani izinsuku eziyi-120 ngemuva kokuthi umthethosivivinywa wokugcina ukhishwe futhi athumele isaziso esibhaliwe mayelana nosizo lwezezimali, ngaphambi kokumangalela isiguli noma ukuthengisa isikweletu. Isiguli sibe nezinsuku okungenani ezingama-30 zokucela ubufakazi besikweletu noma ukufaka isicelo sosizo.
I-DC: Ngo-2026, i-DC yaphasisa umthetho omusha wesikweletu sezokwelapha. Imithetho yayo eyinhloko, kufaka phakathi ukuvinjelwa kokubika isikweletu sezokwelapha kuma-bureaus wesikweletu, iqala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi isabelomali se-DC sikhokhele umthetho. Buza usizo lwezomthetho ukuthi yimiphi imithetho esebenza kumthethosivivinywa wakho.
Yonke indawo: Ama-bureaus amathathu ezikweletu kazwelonke ashiya amaqoqo ezokwelapha akhokhelwayo namaqoqo ezokwelapha angaphansi kuka- $ 500. Balinda unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokwengeza iqoqo lezokwelapha elingakhokhelwa. Umthetho wobumbano wokususa zonke izikweletu zezokwelapha emibiko yesikweletu washaywa yinkantolo ngoJulayi 2025. Ngo-Okthoba 2025, i-CFPB yathi ikholelwa ukuthi umthetho wobumbano weqa imithetho yokubika isikweletu yombuso njengaleyo engenhla, ngakho-ke izinkantolo zinganquma ukuthi zifinyelela kude kangakanani.

Ithiphu

Lapho ungabika khona inkinga

Uma umqoqi ephula imithetho, bhala phansi okwenzekile bese ugcine noma yiziphi izincwadi noma imiyalezo. Ungafaka isikhalazo ku-CFPB ku-consumerfinance.gov/complaint noma (855) 411-2372. Ungaxhumana futhi neHhovisi le-DC loMmeli Jikelele, 202-442-9828, iHhovisi laseMaryland Lokulawulwa Kwezezimali, 410-230-6077, noma iVirginia Attorney General's Consumer Protection Section, 804-786-2042. Uma umangalelwa, shayela usizo lwezomthetho kuqala.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Abaqoqi abakwazi ukusabisa ngokuboshwa, ukuqamba amanga ngalokho okukweletayo, noma ukushayela ngaphambi kuka-8 ekuseni noma ngemuva kuka-9 ebusuku.
Unezinsuku ezingama-30 ngemuva kwesaziso sokuqinisekiswa ukuphikisana nesikweletu ngokubhala. Gcina amakhophi akho konke.
E-DC naseMaryland, izikweletu eziningi zabathengi azikwazi ukuyiswa enkantolo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3. Inkokhelo eyenziwe ngemuva kwaleso sikhathi ayiqali kabusha umkhawulo wesikhathi.
Ungalokothi unganaki amaphepha enkantolo. Phendula ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu bese ushayela usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala ngokushesha.
Ukuze uthole umthethosivivinywa wezokwelapha, cela umthethosivivinywa ocacile kanye nesicelo sosizo lwezezimali sesibhedlela ngaphambi kokukhokha.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Amalungelo akho nabaqoqi bezikweletu, izaziso zokuqinisekisa, izincwadi zesampula, nokuthi yini okumele uyenze uma umangalelwa.
Ama-FAQ wokuqoqwa kwezikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Yini abaqoqi abangayenza nabangakwazi ukuyenza, indlela yokuyeka ukuxhumana, nokuthi iyiphi imali evikelwe ekuhlobiseni.
Preguntas frecuentes sobre la cobranza de deudas (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela ofanayo ngeSpanishi: amalungelo akho lapho umqoqi wesikweletu exhumana nawe.
Izikhungo Zosizo Lwenkantolo yaseMaryland (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Maryland Judiciary · Ulimi: English

Usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala ngocingo, ingxoxo, noma mathupha kubantu abangenawo ummeli emacaleni omphakathi, njengecala lesikweletu.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.