Achte yon kay ak jwenn yon ipotèk · Leson 2 nan 3
Down Payment Help and Loan Types in DC, Maryland, and Virginia
Compare common loan types, find down payment and closing cost help in DC, Maryland, and Virginia, understand mortgage insurance, and work out your cash to close.
Konplete sou aparèy sa a
Pati nan leson sa a yo pa tradui nan lang ou ankò, kidonk yo montre nan lang angle.
Nan leson sa a
Kisa w pral aprann
- Compare conventional, FHA, VA, and USDA loans and their minimum down payments.
- Find down payment and closing cost help in DC, Maryland, and Virginia, and check each program's rules.
- Explain mortgage insurance and when private mortgage insurance can be removed.
- Calculate the cash you need at closing, with and without assistance.
Ki jan sa konekte ak klas nou yo: Our class covers the kinds of mortgages and how they work. This lesson adds the local programs that can help DC-area buyers with the down payment, the rules to check, and a worked cash-to-close example.
Mo pou konnen
- Prè konvansyonèl (Conventional loan)
- Yon ipotèk ki pa asire oswa garanti pa yon ajans gouvènman an. Anpil yo vann pou Fannie Mae oswa Freddie Mac
- Prè FHA (FHA loan)
- Yon ipotèk asirans pa administrasyon lojman federal la, ki se yon pati nan HUD. Li pèmèt yon ti desann peman men chaje asirans ipotèk.
- Asirans ipotèk prive (PMI) (Private mortgage insurance (PMI))
- Asirans ki pwoteje pretè a, pa ou, si ou sispann peye yon prè konvansyonèl Li se anjeneral mande lè ou mete desann mwens pase 20%.
- Asistans peman anba (Down payment assistance)
- Lajan ki soti nan yon pwogram ki ede peye peman anbas ou oswa pri fèmen. Li ka yon sibvansyon, ke ou pa remèt oswa yon prè.
- Prè difere (Deferred loan)
- Yon prè ki pa gen okenn peman chak mwa pou yon peryòd de tan. Ou peye li pita, anjeneral lè ou vann, refinance, oswa sispann viv nan kay la.
- Lajan kach pou fèmen (Cash to close)
- Montan total ou dwe pote pou fèmen: peman ankont ou ak depans fèmen, mwens nenpòt kredi oswa èd.
- Premye fwa achtè kay (First-time homebuyer)
- Pou anpil pwogram, yon moun ki pa posede yon kay nan twa dènye ane yo. Chak pwogram mete pwòp règ li yo.
Loan types at a glance
Most buyers use one of four kinds of mortgage. The biggest differences are how much you must put down, who can qualify, and what kind of mortgage insurance you pay.
| Loan type | Down payment | Good to know |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional | As low as 3% for some loans | With less than 20% down, you usually pay PMI. You can remove PMI later. |
| FHA | As low as 3.5% | Has mortgage insurance, often for the life of the loan. Since May 25, 2025, non-permanent residents, such as people on work visas, cannot get FHA loans. |
| VA | No down payment for eligible buyers, if the price is not higher than the appraised value (a professional estimate of what the home is worth, ordered by the lender) | For eligible service members, veterans, and some surviving spouses. No monthly mortgage insurance, but you may pay a one-time funding fee. |
| USDA | No down payment for eligible buyers | For low- and moderate-income buyers in eligible rural areas. Homes in cities such as DC do not qualify. You can check an address on the USDA eligibility website. |
If you are not a U.S. citizen or green card holder, ask each lender which loans you can get. Rules for conventional loans are different from FHA rules, and some local lenders offer their own loans for ITIN borrowers. A housing counselor can help you find them. Since June 2026, federal regulators have asked banks to look more closely at customers who use an ITIN. Some may ask for more documents or say no, so ask before you apply.
Help in DC: HPAP and DC Open Doors
Home Purchase Assistance Program (HPAP)
The DC Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) runs HPAP, and the DC Housing Finance Agency (DCHFA) helps manage it. HPAP gives interest-free loans to help low- and moderate-income first-time buyers buy a home in DC.
- Who: first-time buyers. For HPAP, that means you have not owned any home or other residential property in the last three years. DC residents come first. Some people who have worked in DC for at least a year can also apply.
- Where: the home must be in DC, and it must be your main home.
- How much: it depends on your income and household size. DHCD updates its table every year.
- Repayment: lower-income buyers make no monthly payments. Moderate-income buyers start making payments in the sixth year. The whole loan is due if you sell, refinance (with some exceptions), or stop living in the home. To refinance means to take out a new mortgage to pay off your old one, often to get a lower rate.
- How to apply: through a community organization, such as Housing Counseling Services, the Latino Economic Development Center (LEDC), or MANNA.
HPAP money is limited. For fiscal year 2026, DHCD said it would help applicants first-come, first-served. Funding and rules can change each fiscal year. DC's fiscal year starts on October 1, so ask a counselor early about timing.
DC Open Doors
DC Open Doors, from DCHFA, offers home loans with down payment help for homes in DC. As of September 2026, its website said:
- First-time and repeat buyers can use it, and you do not need to live in DC now.
- There is an income limit, and the minimum credit score is 640.
- A down payment assistance loan can cover your full minimum down payment.
- That loan has 0% interest and no monthly payments. It is due after 30 years, or sooner if you sell, refinance, or stop living in the home.
Èd nan Maryland ak Virginia
Pwogram Ipotèk Maryland (MMP)
- 1st Tan Advantage prè se pou achtè premye fwa. Sa gen ladan moun ki pa posede yon kay prensipal nan twa dènye ane yo. Gen kèk veteran ak kèk achtè nan sèten zòn vize kapab tou kalifye.
- Flex prè se pou premye fwa oswa repete achtè
- Pifò prè MMP vini ak èd peman anba kòm yon prè difere 0%. An 2026, opsyon yo enkli yon $6,000 plat, oswa yon montan ki egal a 3%, 4%, oswa 5% nan premye ipotèk la. Ou ranbouse li lè premye ipotèk la fini, pa egzanp lè ou vann oswa refinanse.
- Si yon patnè apwouve, tankou kèk anplwayè, ba ou èd, MMP ka matche ak jiska $ 2,500 plis sou kèk prè.
- Chak emprunteur dwe pran yon klas edikasyon homebuyer apwouve.
- Gen prè espesyal pou achtè nan Konte Montgomery ak Konte Prince George a.
- Ou aplike atravè yon kreditè MMP apwouve.
Lojman Virginia
- Virginia Lojman fè prè kay nan kreditè apwouve, ak revni ak limit pri
- Li Down Peman Asistans Sibvansyon se yon sibvansyon vre, kidonk ou pa janm peye li. Li se pou achtè premye fwa, ak pou achtè repete nan sèten zòn, ki moun ki itilize yon prè Virginia Lojman ki kalifye.
- Yon Sibvansyon Asistans Pri Fèmen ka ede achtè ki jwenn yon prè VA oswa USDA atravè lojman Virginia. Li pa janm remèt tou.
- Anpil Virginia Lojman prè mande li yo gratis homebuyer klas Ou ka pran li nan moun oswa sou entènèt. Kou a sou entènèt pran apeprè uit èdtan.
Gen kèk konte ak vil nan rejyon an tou kouri pwòp pwogram yo. Yon konseye lojman apwouve HUD ka di ou ki sa yo anfòm ou.
Règ yo tcheke anvan ou konte sou èd
Chak pwogram gen pwòp règ pa yo. Poze kesyon sa yo anvan ou fè yon òf sou yon kay:
- Ki limit revni pou gwosè kay mwen an?
- Èske gen yon limit sou pri kay la?
- Kouman pwogram nan defini yon achtè premye fwa?
- Èske mwen dwe viv nan kay la kòm kay prensipal mwen? Depi konyben tan?
- Èske yon klas homebuyer obligatwa? Ki klas konte?
- Ki nòt kredi minimòm ak DTI maksimòm mwen bezwen?
- Konbyen lajan mwen dwe mete nan?
- Èske se yon sibvansyon osnon yon prè? Si se yon prè, kilè pou mwen ranbouse li: lè mwen vann, refinanse, deplase oswa apre yon kantite ane?
- Èske mwen ka konbine li ak lòt pwogram?
- Èske li aksepte achtè ak estati imigrasyon mwen oswa yon ITIN?
- Èske lajan disponib kounye a ak konbyen tan apwobasyon pran?
- Ki pretè yo apwouve yo sèvi ak pwogram sa a?
Jwenn repons yo alekri. Règ pwogram yo ak montan dola chanje, souvan nan kòmansman yon nouvo ane fiskal.
Asirans ipotèk: prim PMI ak FHA
Lè ou mete desann yon ti kantite lajan kreditè a pran plis risk. Asirans ipotèk pwoteje prêteur a si ou sispann peye. Li pa pwoteje ou, men se sa ki fè yon peman desann ki ba posib.
PMI sou prè konvansyonèl yo
Avèk mwens pase 20% desann sou yon prè konvansyonèl, ou anjeneral peye asirans ipotèk prive (PMI) kòm yon pati nan peman chak mwa ou. Lwa federal ba ou de fason prensipal pou fini li:
- Ou kapab mande administratè ou a alekri pou anile PMI lè balans prè ou pwograme pou rive nan 80% valè orijinal kay la. Ou bezwen yon bon istwa peman epi ou dwe ranpli lòt kondisyon, tankou montre kay la pa pèdi valè.
- Administratè ou dwe fini PMI otomatikman lè balans ou pwograme pou rive nan 78% nan valè orijinal la, si ou aktyel sou peman ou yo.
Asirans ipotèk FHA
Prè FHA chaje de prim Kòm nan mwa septanm 2026, prim nan avans la se 1.75% nan kantite lajan prè a, epi li ka ajoute nan prè a. Genyen tou yon prim chak ane, peye kòm yon pati nan peman chak mwa ou. Pou pifò achtè ki mete desann 3.5%, prim anyèl la se 0.55% nan prè a, epi li dire pou lavi prè a. Si ou mete desann 10% oswa plis, li fini apre 11 ane. Gen kèk pwopriyetè pita refinanse nan yon prè konvansyonèl yo sispann peye li.
$350,000 kay − $12,250 desann = $337,750 prè; $337,750 × 0.55% ÷ 12 = anviwon $155 yon mwa nan kòmansman an
Egzanp
Travay egzanp: lajan kach pou fèmen sou yon kay $ 350,000
Mekdes travay nan yon lopital nan DC Li ap achte yon $ 350,000 kondo nan DC ak yon prè FHA ak 3.5% desann. Estimasyon Prè li montre $ 10,500 nan depans fèmen, ki gen ladan taks prepayé ak asirans. (Depans fèmen varye anpil. Nimewo sa a se sèlman yon egzanp.)
$350,000 × 3.5% = $12,250 peman ankont
| Atik | San èd | Avèk yon prè asistans peman desann |
|---|---|---|
| Desann peman (3.5%) | $ 12,250 | $ 12,250 |
| Depans fèmen ak atik prépayé | $ 10,500 | $ 10,500 |
| Prè èd peman ankont | $ 0 | −$12,250 |
| Lajan Kach Mekdes dwe pote | $ 22,750 | $ 10,500 |
Prè asistans la koupe lajan kach li pou fèmen plis pase mwatye Men se pa lajan gratis. Avèk yon pwogram tankou DC Open Doors, li dwe peye $12,250 lè li vann, refinanse, oswa deplase soti, oswa apre 30 ane. Si vandè a dakò pou peye yon pati nan depans fèmen li, li ta bezwen mwens lajan kach toujou. Li ta dwe planifye tou pou kenbe ekonomi ijans apre fèmen, olye li depanse chak dola li genyen.
Atansyon
Pa peye pou lis lajan gratis
Kèk sit entènèt ak moun kap rele pwomèt lib gouvènman lajan pou ou desann peman si ou peye yon frè premye. Lòt moun mande pou nimewo sekirite sosyal ou oswa bank login pou tcheke si ou kalifye. Pwogram reyèl yo nan leson sa a yo ki nan lis pou gratis sou sit entènèt ofisyèl ak HUD-apwouve konseye ka ede w aplike pou ti kras oswa pa gen okenn pri. Pa janm peye pou yon lis sibvansyon, epi pa janm bay bank ou login pou nenpòt moun.
Konsèy
Mande pretè kesyon an dwa
Anvan ou chwazi yon prêteur, mande: "Èske ou apwouve pou fè prè ak [non pwogram]? Konbyen nan prè sa yo ou te fèmen ane sa a?" Yon pretè ki itilize pwogram nan souvan ka ede w evite reta.
Takeaways kle
- Some loans need as little as 3% or 3.5% down, and VA and USDA loans can need nothing down for eligible buyers.
- DC, Maryland, and Virginia all have programs that help with the down payment or closing costs. Many are loans you repay when you sell, refinance, or move.
- Before you choose a home, check each program's income limit, first-time buyer rule, class requirement, and repayment rules.
- With a conventional loan, you can ask to cancel PMI when your balance is scheduled to reach 80% of the home's original value.
- Cash to close is your down payment plus closing costs, minus any help. Keep emergency savings after closing too.
Tcheke konpreyansyon ou
Reponn kesyon yo, lè sa a, chwazi Tcheke repons mwen yo. Jwenn 5 nan 6 dwa pou konplete leson sa a. Sa a se pratik: pa gen okenn limit tan, epi nou pa kenbe repons ou yo.
Ale pi lwen
Sit entènèt ou fè konfyans kote ou ka aprann plis Lyen sa yo ale nan lòt sit entènèt ke Dollar Scholars pa kouri
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Pwogram Asistans pou Acha Kay (HPAP) (yon lòt sit entènèt)
DC prè san enterè pou achtè ki ba ak modere revni, ak revni aktyèl ak tab asistans.
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DC louvri pòt (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Kay prè ak desann peman èd pou premye fwa ak repete achtè achte nan DC
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Pwogram Ipotèk Maryland (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Prè pou kay Maryland ak peman ankont ak pri fèmen ede plis zouti revni ak limit pri
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Lojman Virginia: achtè kay (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Virginia a premye fwa kay achtè prè, desann peman ak fèmen pri sibvansyon, ak klas achtè kay gratis
Leson sa a se edikasyon finansye jeneral, pa legal, taks oswa konsèy finansye. Règ yo ak kantite lajan chanje, se konsa tcheke nimewo enpòtan yo ak yon sous ofisyèl