Ukuqwashisa nge-Scam nokuvikelwa kobunikazi · Isifundo 3 3

Vikela ubunikazi bakho futhi ubuyisele uma webiwe

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo isikweletu siqandisiwe, ukukhiya okungaziwa kangako njenge-IRS IP PIN, kanye nohlu lokuhlola lokutakula uma othile esebenzisa ubunikazi bakho. (About 18 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Khetha phakathi kwesexwayiso sokukhwabanisa nokuqandisa kwesikweletu, bese uqandisa isikweletu sakho mahhala kuwo wonke amahhovisi amathathu.
Sebenzisa i-IRS Identity Protection PIN nezinye izinkinobho ezingaziwa kakhulu ukuvikela i-akhawunti yakho yentela, inombolo yocingo, namarekhodi asebhange.
Vikela amadokhumenti akho, amaphasiwedi, nama-akhawunti ngemikhuba elula yansuku zonke.
Landela izinyathelo IdentityTheft.gov zokutakula uma othile esebenzisa ubunikazi bakho.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihlanganisa izimpawu zokuxwayisa ukwebiwa kobunikazi nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphendula. Lesi sifundo sikuhambisa ngokuqandisiwe kwesikweletu nokunye ukukhiya kwamahhala isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi sikunikeze uhlu lokuhlola lokutakula kanye nesibonelo esinezinombolo zangempela.

Amagama okumele wazi

Ukwebiwa kobunikazi (Identity theft): Lapho othile esebenzisa ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu, njengegama lakho, inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi, noma i-ITIN, ngaphandle kwemvume yakho yokuthola imali, isikweletu, imisebenzi, noma izinzuzo.
Ihhovisi lesikweletu (Credit bureau): Inkampani eqoqa imininingwane yokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani isikweletu futhi ithengise imibiko yesikweletu. Amahhovisi amathathu kazwelonke yi-Equifax, i-Experian, neTransUnion.
Ukuqandisa kwesikweletu (Credit freeze): Ibhlokhi yamahhala evimbela i-credit bureau ekwabelaneni ngombiko wakho wesikweletu nababolekisi abasha uze uyiphakamise. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-freeze yokuphepha.
Isexwayiso sokukhwabanisa (Fraud alert): Inothi lamahhala embikweni wakho wesikweletu elitshela ababolekisi ukuthi bahlole ubunikazi bakho ngaphambi kokuvula isikweletu esisha egameni lakho.
I-Identity Protection PIN (IPIN YE-IP) (Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN)): Inombolo enamadijithi ayi-6 evela ku-IRS eya embuyiselweni yakho yentela ye-federal. Ivimbela abanye abantu ukuthi bafake imbuyiselo nge-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN.
Umbiko Wokwebiwa Kobunikazi (Identity Theft Report): Umbiko owenza mahhala ku-IdentityTheft.gov. Kusiza ukufakazela amabhizinisi nama-credit bureaus ukuthi othile weba ubunikazi bakho.

Isexwayiso sokukhwabanisa noma ukuqandisa isikweletu?

Isela elinenombolo yakho yokuphepha kwezenhlalo (SSN) lingazama ukuvula amakhadi wesikweletu, imalimboleko, noma izinhlelo zocingo egameni lakho. Amathuluzi amabili wamahhala enza lokhu kube nzima kakhulu. Bobabili basebenza ngama-bureaus amathathu esikweletu ezweni lonke: i-Equifax, i-Experian, neTransUnion.

Isexwayiso sokukhwabanisa nokuqandisa kwesikweletu kuqhathaniswa
Umbuzo	Isexwayiso sokukhwabanisa	Ukuqandisa kwesikweletu
Yini eyenzayo?	Tshela ababolekisi ukuthi bahlole ubunikazi bakho ngaphambi kokuvula isikweletu esisha egameni lakho.	Ivimbela ababolekisi abasha ukuthi babone umbiko wakho wesikweletu, ngakho-ke iningi lesikweletu esisha alikwazi ukuvulwa.
Kubiza malini?	Akukho lutho	Akukho lutho
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?	Unyaka ongu-1, futhi ungavuselela. Izisulu zokwebiwa kobunikazi zingathola isexwayiso esinwetshiwe esihlala iminyaka engu-7.	Kuze kube yilapho uyiphakamisa.
Uyibeka kuphi?	Ehhovisi elilodwa. Lelo hhovisi kufanele litshele abanye ababili.	Ehhovisi ngalinye lalezi zintathu, ngamunye ngamunye.

Ukuqandisa kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinile, futhi akuthinti amaphuzu akho wesikweletu. Ungaba nesixwayiso sokukhwabanisa nokuqandisa ngasikhathi sinye. Zombili zimayelana nesikweletu esisha. Azivimbeli umuntu ukuthi asebenzise ikhadi noma i-akhawunti osuvele unayo, ngakho-ke qhubeka uhlola izitatimende zakho.

Faka isikweletu sakho, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Beka eceleni cishe imizuzu engama-30. Yiba ne-SSN yakho, usuku lokuzalwa, nekheli lamanje lilungele.
Vakashela iwebhusayithi yehhovisi ngalinye ngokwakho: equifax.com, experian.com, ne-transunion.com. Thayipha ikheli. Ungasebenzisi isixhumanisi esivela ku-imeyili noma umbhalo.
Dala i-akhawunti kusayithi ngalinye bese uphendula imibuzo ehlola ubunikazi bakho. Ungacela futhi ukuqandisa ngocingo noma ngeposi.
Khetha "ukuqandisa ukuphepha" noma "ukuqandisa kwesikweletu." Awudingi ukuthenga noma yini noma ubhalisele isevisi ekhokhelwayo. Uma ubuza ku-inthanethi noma ngocingo, i-bureau kufanele ibeke isiqandisi kungakapheli usuku olulodwa lwebhizinisi.
Londoloza ukungena ngemvume kwe-akhawunti yakho, kanye nanoma iyiphi i-PIN i-bureau ekunika yona. Uzodinga ukuthi uphakamise i-freeze kamuva.
Phinda kwamanye amahhovisi amabili. Ukubanda kuhhovisi elilodwa kuphela kushiya amanye amabili evulekile.

Uma udinga isikweletu, phakamisa ifriji isikhashana

Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo semalimboleko, ikhadi lesikweletu, ifulethi, noma uhlelo lwefoni, buza inkampani ukuthi yiliphi ihhovisi elisebenzisayo. Bese uphakamisa iqhwa kulelo hhovisi izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma zonke ezintathu. Uma ubuza ku-inthanethi noma ngocingo, i-bureau kufanele iphakamise ukuqandisa kungakapheli ihora elilodwa. Ngeposi, kungathatha izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi.

Abazali bangakwazi futhi ukuqandisa isikweletu sengane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 mahhala. Abanye abantu abanenombolo yokuhlonza umkhokhi wentela (ITIN) banamafayela wesikweletu kanti abanye abanawo. Uma ifomu eliku-inthanethi licela i-SSN ongenayo, shayela ihhovisi, noma ucele umeluleki wesikweletu ongenzi nzuzo ukuze uthole usizo.

Ama-locks angeziwe abantu abaningi abangazazi

I-PIN YOKUVIKELWA KOBUNIKAZI BE-IRS (IP PIN)

I-PIN ye-IP iyinombolo enamadijithi ayi-6 evimbela omunye umuntu ukuthi agcwalise imbuyiselo yentela ye-federal nge-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN. Lokhu kuvimbela isela ukuthi lifake imbuyiselo mbumbulu futhi lithathe imbuyiselo yakho. Noma ngubani one-SSN noma i-ITIN ongafakazela ukuthi ungobani angayithola. Imahhala futhi uthola inombolo entsha minyaka yonke. Uma unayo, yisebenzise kuyo yonke imbuyiselo yentela ye-federal oyifakayo.

Indlela esheshayo yokuthola eyodwa ku-inthanethi, nge-akhawunti yakho ye-IRS ku-irs.gov/ippin.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ungubani ku-inthanethi, ungasebenzisa ifomu le-IRS 15227 uma imali yakho ingaphansi komkhawulo, noma wenze i-aphoyintimenti e-IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center.
I-IRS ayisoze yakushayela, i-imeyili, noma ikuthumelele umyalezo ukucela i-PIN yakho ye-IP. Noma ngubani ocelayo ungumkhonyovu.

I-PIN ku-akhawunti yakho yefoni

Amabhange nezinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukuthumela amakhodi efonini yakho. Isela elihambisa inombolo yakho yocingo efonini yalo lithola lawo makhodi. Cela inkampani yakho yefoni ukuthi yengeze i-PIN noma ikhodi yokungena ku-akhawunti yakho, bese ubuza ngokhiye ovimbela inombolo yakho ukuthi ihanjiswe kwenye ifoni noma inkampani. Uma ifoni yakho ilahlekelwa isevisi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, shayela inkampani yakho yefoni kusuka kwenye ifoni ngokushesha.

Ukuqandisa ku-ChexSystems

Amabhange amaningi nezinyunyana zezikweletu zihlola amakhasimende amasha ngeChexSystems, inkampani yokubika abathengi. Ukuqandisa ukuphepha lapho kusiza ukuvimbela umuntu ekuvuleni i-akhawunti yasebhange egameni lakho. Cela ku-chexsystems.com, ngocingo, noma ngeposi.

Ithiphu

Imikhuba yansuku zonke ezokuvikela

Gcina ikhadi lakho lokuphepha komphakathi, incwadi ye-ITIN, nepasipoti ekhaya endaweni ephephile. Ungazithwali esikhwameni sakho.
Shred izitatimende zasebhange, izikweletu zezokwelapha, kanye nokunikezwa kwesikweletu ngaphambi kokuzilahla. Ukuze uthole izipesheli ezimbalwa zesikweletu, khetha ku-optoutprescreen.com noma ku-1-888-567-8688.
Lapho othile ecela i-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN, buza ukuthi kungani eyidinga nokuthi izoyivikela kanjani. Abaqashi, amabhange kanye nabalungiseleli bentela bavame ukuyidinga. Amanye amabhizinisi amaningi awakwenzi.
Sebenzisa iphasiwedi ende noma isisho sokungena okungenani sezinhlamvu eziyi-15, futhi ehlukile ku-akhawunti ngayinye ebalulekile.
Vula ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili ze-imeyili yakho, ibhange, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhokha. Ngemuva kwephasiwedi yakho, isayithi libuye licele ikhodi, evame ukuthunyelwa efonini yakho noma ekhonjiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza, ngakho-ke isela elinephasiwedi yakho kuphela alikwazi ukungena. Yibheke kuzilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-akhawunti ngayinye.
Hlola imibiko yakho yesikweletu mahhala masonto onke ku-AnnualCreditReport.com.

Uma kwenzeka: uhlelo lwakho lokuvuselela

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zifaka amacala noma izikweletu ongazazi, abaqoqi bezikweletu abashayela ucingo ngezikweletu ezingezakho, ama-akhawunti embikweni wakho wesikweletu ongazange uvule, nezikweletu ezijwayelekile eziyeka ukufika. Thatha isinyathelo ngosuku olufanayo. IdentityTheft.gov unikeza lezi zinyathelo:

Shayela izinkampani lapho ukukhwabanisa kwenzeke khona. Buza umnyango wokukhwabanisa. Bacele ukuthi bavale noma bavale ama-akhawunti. Shintsha amaphasiwedi akho nama-PIN.
Beka isexwayiso sokukhwabanisa samahhala ngehhovisi elilodwa lesikweletu. Kufanele utshele abanye ababili. Bese uthola imibiko yakho yesikweletu yamahhala ku-AnnualCreditReport.com bese ubheka noma yini ongayazi.
Bika ku-FTC ku-IdentityTheft.gov (ngeSpanishi ngo-RobodeIdentidad.gov) noma ngokushayela i-1-877-438-4338. Ukubika ngolunye ulimi, shayela bese ucindezela u-3. Uzothola umbiko wokweba ubunikazi kanye nohlelo lokutakula lomuntu siqu.
Faka umbiko wamaphoyisa uma uyidinga. Yenza lokhu uma wazi okuthile ngesela, noma uma inkampani icela umbiko wamaphoyisa. Cela amaphoyisa ikhophi.
Lungisa umonakalo. Sebenzisa umbiko wakho wokweba ubunikazi ukuvala ama-akhawunti amasha avulwe egameni lakho, ususe amacala mbumbulu, futhi ulungise imibiko yakho yesikweletu.
Zivikele isikhathi eside. Cabanga ngesexwayiso sokukhwabanisa esinwetshiwe seminyaka engu-7 noma isikweletu, kanye ne-PIN ye-IP uma i-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN ithathiwe.

"Sawubona. Igama lami ngingu[igama lakho]. Othile weba ubunikazi bami futhi wavula i-akhawunti nenkampani yakho egameni lami. Inombolo ye-akhawunti yi-[inombolo, uma uyazi]. Angizange ngivule le akhawunti noma ngenze lezi zindleko. Sicela uvale i-akhawunti, ususe amacala, bese ungithumela incwadi ethi kanjalo. Nginombiko wokweba ubunikazi ovela IdentityTheft.gov. Ungubani igama lakho, ngiyacela? "

Ngocingo ngalunye, bhala phansi usuku, igama lomuntu, nalokho abakushoyo. Thumela amakhophi amaphepha bese ugcine amaphepha okuqala.

Isibonelo

Kungani ukubika okusheshayo kubalulekile: ikhadi lasebhange elintshontshiwe

UKame uhlala eSilver Spring. NgoLwesihlanu ebusuku, isikhwama sakhe sebiwe. NgoMgqibelo ekuseni, isela lisebenzise ikhadi lakhe lasebhange ukusebenzisa u- $ 900. Ngaphansi komthetho wobumbano, iningi uKwame angalahlekelwa lincike ekutheni ubika ngokushesha kangakanani ebhange lakhe.

I-Kwame eningi kakhulu ingalahlekelwa ngama- $ 900 amacala ekhadi lasebhange antshontshiwe
Lapho uKwame ebika ikhadi	Iningi angalahlekelwa
Ngaphambi kokuba isela lisebenzise ikhadi	$ 0
Kungakapheli izinsuku zebhizinisi ze-2 ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi ihambile	$ 50
Ngemuva kwezinsuku zebhizinisi ze-2, kodwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-60 ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kwesitatimende sakho sasebhange	Kuze kufike ku- $ 500
Izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-60 ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kwesitatimende sakhe	Yonke imali ethathiwe, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu
Imali ayivikela ngokubika ngoMgqibelo esikhundleni sokulinda isikhathi eside kakhulu	$ 850

$ 900 - $ 50 = $ 850

Ngekhadi lesikweletu elilahlekile noma elintshontshiwe, iningi ongalikweleta ngu- $ 50. Uma kuphela inombolo yekhadi lakho eyebiwe futhi usenalo ikhadi, awunacala ngezindleko ongazenzi.

Ukwebiwa kwentela kanye nokwebiwa kobunikazi bezokwelapha

Ukwebiwa kwentela

Izimpawu zifaka: imbuyiselo yakho yentela efakwe nge-imeyili yenqatshwa ngoba imbuyiselo isivele ifakwe nge-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN, incwadi ye-IRS mayelana nembuyiselo ongazange uyifake, noma ifomu le-W-2 noma le-1099 elivela kumqashi ongakaze umsebenzele.

Uma uthola incwadi ye-IRS, qiniseka ukuthi ingokoqobo, bese ulandela imiyalelo yayo.
Uma imbuyiselo yakho efakwe nge-imeyili yenqatshwa ngoba imbuyiselo isivele ifakwe ngenombolo yakho, kungadingeka ukuthi ufake imbuyiselo yakho ephepheni. I-IRS ithi uqhubeke nokugcwalisa nokukhokha intela yakho njengenjwayelo.
Ungase futhi udinge ifomu 14039, I-Identity Theft Affidavit. I-IRS ithi ungayifaki uma i-IRS isivele ikuthumelele incwadi mayelana nenkinga.
Thola usizo lwamahhala esizeni sentela se-VITA (bheka isifundo sethu sokugcwalisa mahhala), noma ushayele umugqa wokweba ubunikazi be-IRS ku-800-908-4490.

Ukwebiwa kwe-ID yezokwelapha

Izimpawu zifaka: umthethosivivinywa wokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ongawutholi, umqoqi wesikweletu oshayela ucingo ngemali yezokwelapha engeyona eyakho, isikweletu sezokwelapha embikweni wakho wesikweletu ongaqapheli, noma isaziso esivela kumshuwalense wakho wezempilo ukuthi ufinyelele umkhawulo wakho wenzuzo.

Okufanele ukwenze: cela umhlinzeki ngamunye ikhophi yamarekhodi akho ezokwelapha nezikweletu, bese utshela umhlinzeki nganoma yimaphi amaphutha okubhala. Hlola imibiko yakho yesikweletu, bese ubike ukweba ku-IdentityTheft.gov.

Qaphela

Ungakhokhi ukuvikelwa kwamahhala

Ezinye izinkampani zikhokhisa imali yanyanga zonke "ukuvikela ubunikazi bakho." Amathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu amahhala: ukuqandisa isikweletu, izixwayiso zokukhwabanisa, imibiko yesikweletu yamasonto onke, i-IRS IP PIN, kanye nohlelo lokutakula e-IdentityTheft.gov.

Futhi bheka abashayeli abathi bavela ku-FTC, i-IRS, noma ebhange lakho nokuthi ubunikazi bakho buntshontshiwe, bese ucela i-SSN yakho noma ukutshela ukuthi uhambise imali yakho. Bamba futhi ushayele inombolo ozitholayo. Bheka isifundo sethu ngokubona imikhonyovu.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ukuqandisiwe kwesikweletu kumahhala, akulimazi amaphuzu akho wesikweletu, futhi kuhlala kuze kube yilapho uliphakamisa. Kufanele uyibeke kumahhovisi amathathu ngamunye.
Uma udinga isikweletu noma ifulethi, ungaphakamisa isiqandisi ku-inthanethi noma ngocingo, futhi ihhovisi kufanele likwenze kungakapheli ihora elilodwa.
I-IRS IP PIN ivimbela abanye ukuthi bafake imbuyiselo yentela nge-SSN yakho noma i-ITIN. Kumahhala futhi uthola entsha njalo ngonyaka.
Uma ubunikazi bakho bwebiwe, iya ku-IdentityTheft.gov (RobodeIdentidad.gov ngeSpanishi) ukuthola umbiko wamahhala kanye nohlelo lokutakula.
Bika ikhadi lasebhange elilahlekile noma elintshontshiwe ngokushesha. Lapho ubika ngokushesha, ungalahlekelwa kancane.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

IdentityTheft.gov (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Bika ukwebiwa kobunikazi bese uthola uhlelo lokutakula lomuntu siqu.
RobodeIdentidad.gov (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Inguqulo yaseSpain ye-IdentityTheft.gov: bika ukwebiwa kobunikazi bese uthola uhlelo lokutakula lwamahhala.
Izixwayiso Zokukhwabanisa Nezikweletu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Isebenza kanjani izixwayiso zokukhwabanisa nokukhwabanisa, nokuthi ungazibeka kanjani futhi uziphakamise mahhala.
Thola i-PIN yokuvikela ubunikazi (i-IP PIN) (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) · Ulimi: English

Ngubani ongathola i-PIN ye-IP, nokuthi ungayithola kanjani ku-inthanethi, ngefomu, noma mathupha.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.