Thenga ikhaya bese uthola imali mboleko · Isifundo 3 3

Kusukela ekulinganisweni kwemalimboleko kuya ngosuku lokuvala (nokugcina ikhaya lakho)

Qhathanisa izipesheli zemalimboleko umugqa nomugqa, uqonde ukukhiya kwezinga kanye nokudalulwa kokuvala, vikela imali yakho yokuvala ekukhwabaniseni ngocingo, futhi uthole usizo kusenesikhathi uma ubuyela emuva. (About 18 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Qhathanisa izilinganiso ezimbili zemalimboleko umugqa nomugqa, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso, amaphuzu, i-APR, nezindleko zokuvala.
Chaza ukukhiya kwesilinganiso kanye nokudalulwa kokuvala okufanele uthole izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuvala.
Vikela imali yakho yokuvala ekukhwabaniseni ngocingo.
Thatha izinyathelo zokuqala ezifanele uma uwela emuva kwimalimboleko yakho, futhi ugweme ukukhwabanisa kokusindisa ukubikezelwa.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ithimba lethu lekilasi liqhathanisa izilinganiso zemalimboleko futhi lihlanganisa izinyathelo zokuvala. Lesi sifundo singeza isibonelo esiseceleni ngamaphuzu, uhlu lokuhlola lwesonto lokuvala, ukuvikelwa kokukhwabanisa ngocingo, kanye nosizo lwendawo uma uke wehla emuva ekukhokheni.

Amagama okumele wazi

Isilinganiso semalimboleko (Loan Estimate): Ifomu elinamakhasi amathathu umbolekisi okufanele akunikeze lona zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Ikhombisa isilinganiso esilinganisiwe, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke, nezindleko zokuvala.
Ukudalulwa Kokuvala (Closing Disclosure): Ifomu elinamakhasi amahlanu elinemigomo yakho yokugcina yemalimboleko nezindleko. Kufanele uyithole okungenani izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuvala.
Amaphuzu wesaphulelo (Discount points): Imali yangaphambili oyikhokhayo ukuze uthole inzalo ephansi. Iphuzu elilodwa libiza i-1% yemali mboleko.
I-APR (isilinganiso samaphesenti onyaka) (APR (annual percentage rate)): Izindleko zonyaka zemalimboleko, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso senzalo kanye nezimali ezithile namaphuzu. Ikusiza ukuthi uqhathanise okunikezwayo.
Ukukhiya isilinganiso (Rate lock): Isithembiso sombolekisi sokubamba isilinganiso sakho senzalo isikhathi esibekiwe, njengezinsuku ezingama-30, 45, noma ezingama-60, ngenkathi usuqeda ukuthenga ikhaya.
Mortgage servicer: Inkampani eqoqa izinkokhelo zakho zanyanga zonke futhi isingathe imalimboleko yakho ngemuva kokuvalwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi akuyena umbolekisi owenze imalimboleko.
Ukuncishiswa kokulahleka (Loss mitigation): Izinketho umhlinzeki anganikeza ukukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukubikezelwa, njengohlelo lokukhokha, ukubekezelela, noma ukuguqulwa kwemalimboleko.

Isibonelo

Isibonelo esisebenzayo: izilinganiso ezimbili zemalimboleko eceleni

UBinh noThao bathenga indlu yasedolobheni eFalls Church, eVirginia. Bazoboleka u- $ 300,000 ngemalimboleko yesilinganiso esinqunyiwe seminyaka engama-30. Imali mboleko yesilinganiso esinqunyiwe igcina inzalo efanayo kuyo yonke imalimboleko. Imali mboleko eguquguqukayo (i-ARM) ingashintsha isilinganiso sayo ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngakho-ke inkokhelo ingakhuphuka. Ababolekisi ababili babathumelele izilinganiso zemalimboleko. (La manani yizibonelo nje, hhayi amanani anamuhla.)

Izilinganiso ezimbili zemalimboleko yemali mboleko ye- $ 300,000, imalimboleko yeminyaka engama-30 (isibonelo)
Into	Nikeza A	Ukunikezwa B
Isilinganiso senzalo	6.50%	6.25%
Amaphuzu wesaphulelo	0 ($ 0)	1 ($ 3,000)
Ezinye izimali ezikhokhwayo	$ 1,200	$ 1,200
I-APR (ngalezi zindleko)	Mayelana ne-6.54%	Mayelana ne-6.38%
Isihloko senyanga kanye nenzalo	$ 1,896	$ 1,847
Izinkokhelo ezinyangeni zokuqala ze-5 (izinkokhelo, amaphuzu, kanye nezimali)	$ 114,972	$ 115,029

$ 3,000 ngephuzu ÷ $ 49 elondolozwe inyanga ngayinye = cishe izinyanga ze-61, noma cishe iminyaka engu-5

Ukunikezwa B kubiza u- $ 3,000 ngaphezulu ekuvaleni kepha kugcina u- $ 49 ngenyanga. Kuthatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu ukubuyisa izindleko zephuzu. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, lezi zipesheli ezimbili zibiza cishe okufanayo. Uma uBinh noThao behlela ukugcina le malimboleko isikhathi eside kunalokho, i-Offer B igcina imali. Uma bengase bathengise noma baphinde baxhase ngokushesha, i-Offer A iyisinqumo esingcono, futhi ibashiya imali ethe xaxa yezimo eziphuthumayo.

Qhathanisa futhi i-APR. Kubandakanya amaphuzu nezimali, ngakho-ke kukusiza ukuqhathanisa okunikezwayo okunezindleko ezihlukile. Ikhasi 3 le-Loan Estimate ngalinye liphinde libonise ukuthi uzobe ukhokhe malini eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala.

Qhathanisa okungenani izipesheli ezintathu

Cela okungenani ababolekisi abathathu nge-Loan Estimate, isibonelo ibhange, inyunyana yesikweletu, kanye nenkampani yemalimboleko. Umbolekisi kufanele ayithumele zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngemuva kokufaka isicelo.
Faka isicelo esikhathini esifushane, njengamasonto amabili. Amaphuzu wesikweletu abala amasheke amaningana esikweletu avela kubabolekisi bemalimboleko abasondelene nophenyo olulodwa. Ngokuya ngamaphuzu, lelo windi liyizinsuku eziyi-14 kuya kwezingu-45.
Qiniseka ukuthi isilinganiso ngasinye singohlobo olufanayo lwemalimboleko, inani lemalimboleko, kanye nokukhokha phansi, ukuze ukwazi ukuqhathanisa ngokufanele.
Qhathanisa isilinganiso senzalo, amaphuzu, i-APR, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke, izindleko zokuvala, kanye nemali yokuvala.
Buza umbolekisi ngamunye ukuthi achaze noma iyiphi imali ongayiqondi. Ungabuza, "Unganciphisa le mali noma ufane nalokhu okunye okunikezwayo?"
Ekhasini 1, hlola inhlawulo yokukhokha kusengaphambili (imali yokukhokha imalimboleko kusenesikhathi) noma inkokhelo yebhaluni (inkokhelo enkulu kakhulu okufanele ihlawulwe ekugcineni). Abathengi abaningi kufanele bagweme kokubili.

Izinketho zamasheya: yini engashintsha

Amanani wemali mboleko ashintsha nsuku zonke. Ukukhiya kwesilinganiso kubamba isilinganiso sakho isikhathi esibekiwe, imvamisa izinsuku ezingama-30, 45, noma ezingama-60, inqobo nje uma uvala ngesikhathi futhi akukho lutho olushintshayo esicelweni sakho. Cela ilokhi ngokubhala.

Ngisho nokukhiya, isilinganiso sakho noma izindleko zingashintsha uma:

Shintsha uhlobo lwemali mboleko noma ubukhulu bemali mboleko yakho;
Ukuhlolwa (isilinganiso sobungcweti senani lendlu) kuza phezulu noma phansi kunalokho obekulindelwe;
Izibuyekezo zakho zesikweletu ziyashintsha, noma
Umbolekisi akakwazi ukubhala ezinye zemali oyitholayo, njengesikhathi esengeziwe noma amabhonasi.

Buza umbolekisi wakho: "Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhiya kwami? Kuzobiza malini ukunweba uma ukuvalwa kubambezeleka? " Izandiso zingabiza kakhulu.

Ukudalulwa Kokuvalwa: Hlola izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvala

Umbolekisi kufanele akunikeze ukudalulwa kokuvala okungenani izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuvala. (Endaweni ye-DC, ukuvala kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukukhokha.) Sebenzisa lezo zinsuku ukuyiqhathanisa ne-Loan Estimate yakho yakamuva, umugqa nomugqa.

Yiziphi izindleko ezingashintsha

Ayikwazi ukukhuphuka (ngaphandle kokuthi okuthile esicelweni sakho noma imalimboleko ishintshile, noma isilinganiso sakho singakhiyiwe): imali ekhokhelwa umbolekisi noma umthengisi wemalimboleko, njengamaphuzu nezimali zokuqala, imali yezinsizakalo ezidingekayo ongavunyelwe ukuzithenga, nezintela zokudlulisa.
Kungakhuphuka, kepha hhayi ngaphezu kuka-10% isiyonke: imali yokuqopha, kanye nezimali zezinsizakalo ezidingekayo lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki ohlwini lombolekisi.
Ingashintsha nganoma yiliphi imali: inzalo ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili, umshuwalense wabanikazi bezindlu, amadiphozithi we-escrow, nezinsizakalo umbolekisi angazidingi.

I-akhawunti ye-escrow yimali i-servicer yakho eqoqa ngenkokhelo ngayinye yanyanga zonke ukukhokhela intela yakho yempahla kanye nomshuwalense wasekhaya. Lapho uvala, uvame ukufaka imali ukuze uqalise.

Uma imali inyuke ngaphezu kwemithetho evunyelwe futhi akukho okushintshile, unelungelo lokubuyiselwa imali eyengeziwe. Ezinye izinguquko nazo zikunikeza isikhathi esisha sokulinda sezinsuku ezintathu: i-APR kwimalimboleko yesilinganiso esinqunyiwe ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-1/8 yephuzu lamaphesenti, inhlawulo yokukhokha kusengaphambili yengezwa, noma uhlobo lwemalimboleko luyashintsha, ngokwesibonelo kusuka kuhleliwe kuya kokuguquguquka.

Uhlu lokuhlola lwesonto lokuvala

Qhathanisa ukudalulwa kokuvala nesilinganiso sakho semalimboleko: inani lemalimboleko, isilinganiso, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke, amaphuzu, izimali, kanye nemali yokuvala.
Buza umbolekisi nganoma yimuphi umehluko ngaphambi kosuku lokuvala.
Setha umshuwalense wabanikazi bezindlu. Ababolekisi bayayidinga.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ungayikhokha kanjani imali yakho ukuvala ngokushayela inombolo yocingo ovele umethembayo.
Yenza uhambo lokugcina: vakashela ikhaya ukuze uhlole ukuthi lisesimweni osivumelene ngaso.
Letha i-ID yesithombe. Uma udinga umhumushi, hlela eyodwa kusenesikhathi, noma ulethe umuntu omethembayo.
Ungasayina noma yini ongayiqondi, futhi ungalokothi usayine amakhasi angenalutho. Gcina amakhophi akho konke.

Qaphela

Ukukhwabanisa ngocingo: hlola ngaphambi kokuthumela

Inkampani yesihloko noma ummeli wokuxazulula uqhuba ukuvalwa. Ihlola ukuthi umthengisi ungumnikazi wekhaya ngempela, uqoqa imali yakho ukuvala, futhi ukhokhele wonke umuntu. Yingakho abakhohlisi benza sengathi bangabo.

Abakhohlisi bangena noma bakopishe ama-akhawunti e-imeyili. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvala, bathumela umyalezo obukeka sengathi uvela enkampanini yakho yesihloko, ummeli wokukhokha, noma i-ejenti. Uthi imiyalelo ye-wiring ishintshile. Uma uthumela imali ku-scammer, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyibuyisela.

Ekuqaleni kwenqubo, bhala phansi amagama nezinombolo zocingo ze-ejenti yakho yokukhokha kanye nesikhulu semalimboleko. Thola izinombolo ezivela esivumelwaneni sakho noma emhlanganweni, hhayi ku-imeyili.
Ngaphambi kokuthumela imali, shayela inkampani yesihloko noma ummeli wokukhokha kuleyo nombolo. Qinisekisa inombolo ye-akhawunti nenani ngokuzwakalayo.
Phatha noma yimuphi umlayezo mayelana nemiyalo emisha yokukhokha njengesibonakaliso sokuxwayisa, noma ngabe kubukeka kungokoqobo. Ungasebenzisi izinombolo zocingo noma izixhumanisi kulowo myalezo.
Uma usuvele uthumele imali, shayela ibhange lakho ngokushesha bese ulicela ukuthi liyeke noma likhumbule ucingo. Bese ubikela ku-FBI ic3.gov.

Uma ubuyela emuva ekukhokheni

Amahora ambalwa okusebenza, ukudilizwa, noma umthethosivivinywa wezokwelapha kungenza kube nzima ukukhokha. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo kusenesikhathi. Ukubikezelwa yinqubo esemthethweni umbolekisi ayisebenzisayo ukuthatha nokuthengisa ikhaya lakho lapho uyeka ukukhokha imali mboleko. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokubikezela ayikwazi ukuqala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-120 ngemuva. Sebenzisa leso sikhathi.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha nje lapho wazi ukuthi ungaphuthelwa inkokhelo. Inombolo yocingo ikwisitatimende sakho sanyanga zonke.
Buza ngezinketho zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa , njengohlelo lokukhokha, ukubekezelela (ikhefu elifushane noma izinkokhelo eziphansi), noma ukuguqulwa kwemalimboleko (ushintsho oluhlala njalo emigomeni yakho yemalimboleko).
Thumela isicelo esiphelele ngokushesha. Uma i-servicer yakho ithola ngaphambi kokuqala kokubikezelwa, i-servicer ngokuvamile kufanele ibuyekeze ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukubikezelwa.
Shayela umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD ku-800-569-4287. Bangakusiza ngesicelo, imvamisa mahhala.
Vula zonke izincwadi ezivela kumhlinzeki wakho nasenkantolo. Uma uphuthelwa umnqamulajuqu, ungalahlekelwa ezinye izinketho.

Sawubona, igama lami ngingu[igama lakho]. Inombolo yami yemalimboleko yi- [inombolo yemalimboleko]. Imali engenayo yehle ngo-[usuku] ngoba [isizathu]. Ngifuna ukugcina ikhaya lami, kepha kungenzeka ngingakwazi ukwenza inkokhelo yami ngo-[usuku olubekiwe]. Yiziphi izinketho zokunciphisa ukulahleka enginazo? Ngicela ungithumelele isicelo futhi ungitshele yonke imibhalo oyidingayo kanye nomnqamulajuqu. Ngingaba negama lakho nenombolo yereferensi yalolu cingo?

Usizo lwasendaweni

I-DC: shayela i-Foreclosure Prevention Hotline ku- (202) 265-2255. Ngemuva kokuthola isaziso sokuzenzakalela, ungasebenzisa i-DC Foreclosure Mediation Program, lapho wena nombolekisi wakho nihlangana khona nomlamuleli ongathathi hlangothi. I-Legal Aid DC ne-DC Bar Pro Bono Center banikeza usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala kubantu abafanelekile.
Maryland: shayela i-hotline yosizo lwabanikazi bamakhaya ku-1-877-462-7555. I-Maryland nayo inokulamula kokubikezelwa kwabantu abahlala ekhaya. Kufanele ucele inkantolo kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-25 ngemuva kokuthola amaphepha enkantolo aqala ukubikezelwa, futhi kukhona imali. I-Maryland Legal Aid isiza abantu abafanelekile.
Virginia: shayela umeluleki ovunyelwe yi-HUD kusenesikhathi. Izinsizakalo Zomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia zisiza abantu abafanelekile.

Ukuze uthole izinyathelo ezengeziwe lapho imali engenayo yehla, bheka Lapho Imali Engenayo Iyeka: Izinsuku Zakho Zokuqala Ezingama-30.

Qaphela

Imikhonyovu yokutakula i-foreclosure

Abantu abawela emuva bavame ukuthola izingcingo, izincwadi, nokuvakashelwa ezinkampanini ezithembisa ukusindisa ikhaya labo. Abanye bathi basebenza nohulumeni noma umbolekisi wakho. Qaphela lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

Bacela imali ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini. Ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni, inkampani ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukukukhokhisa kuze kube yilapho uthola isipho esibhaliwe esivela kumbolekisi wakho futhi uyasamukela.
Bazokutshela ukuthi uyeke ukukhuluma nomphathi wakho, noma uthumele izinkokhelo zakho zemalimboleko kubo.
Bacela ukuthi usayine i-deed (iphepha elikhombisa ukuthi ngubani ongumnikazi wekhaya). Uma wenza kanjalo, ungalahlekelwa yikhaya lakho futhi usakweleta imalimboleko.
Bafuna ukukhokha ngokudluliselwa ngocingo, isheke le-cashier, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha.

Usizo oluvela ku-servicer yakho nakubeluleki abavunyelwe yi-HUD lumahhala noma luphansi. Bika imikhonyovu ku-FTC ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov noma kummeli wakho wombuso. Bheka futhi isifundo sethu sokubona imikhonyovu.

Ithiphu

Gcina ifayela lasekhaya

Gcina isilinganiso sakho semalimboleko, ukudalulwa kokuvala, isenzo, kanye nenqubomgomo yomshuwalense ndawonye. Njalo ngonyaka, funda isitatimende sakho se-escrow. I-akhawunti yakho ye-escrow yimali eqoqwa yi-servicer yakho inyanga ngayinye ukukhokha intela yempahla nomshuwalense. Uma izintela noma umshuwalense ukhuphuka, inkokhelo yakho yanyanga zonke nayo ingakhuphuka.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Thola izilinganiso zemalimboleko okungenani kubabolekisi abathathu kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Amaphuzu wesikweletu abala amasheke wesikweletu semali mboleko enziwe eduze njengophenyo olulodwa.
Amaphuzu anciphisa isilinganiso sakho kepha abiza imali manje. Hlukanisa izindleko ngemali yokonga inyanga nenyanga ukuze ubone ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuyibuyisela.
Kufanele uthole ukudalulwa kokuvala okungenani izinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuvala. Qhathanisa nesilinganiso sakho semalimboleko.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele imali yokuvala, shayela inkampani yakho yesihloko noma ummeli wokukhokha ngenombolo yocingo oyaziyo.
Uma ungaphuthelwa inkokhelo, shayela insizakalo yakho kanye nomeluleki ovunyelwe yi-HUD ngokushesha. Ungalokothi ukhokhe imali yangaphambili ukuze ulondoloze ikhaya lakho.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Isilinganiso semalimboleko esichazayo (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) · Ulimi: English

Isibonelo se-Loan Estimate ungachofoza ukuze ubone ukuthi umugqa ngamunye usho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyihlole.
Imikhonyovu yosizo lwemali mboleko (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokukhwabanisa kokuhlenga, umthetho ophikisana nezimali zangaphambili, nokuthi ungaluthola kuphi usizo lwamahhala.
Estafas de alivio para deudores hipotecarios (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Inguqulo yaseSpain yomhlahlandlela we-FTC wokukhwabanisa kwemalimboleko.
Ukuvimbela Ukubikezelwa (Enye iwebhusayithi)
DC Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking (DISB) · Ulimi: English

I-hotline yokuvimbela ukubikezelwa kwe-DC, i-Foreclosure Mediation Program, kanye nolunye usizo lwabanikazi bamakhaya e-DC.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.