薪資與個人所得稅 ·31課

Read Your Pay Stub and Fill Out Your W-4

Learn what each line on your pay stub means, fill out Form W-4 step by step, and avoid a surprise tax bill or a refund that is bigger than it needs to be.

  • 大約 15 分鐘
  • 測驗題目: 5
  • 最後檢查時間: 九月 2026
  • 基於: Money Smart for Adults, Module 3: Your Income and Expenses

本課程部分內容尚未翻譯成您的語言,因此以英文呈現。

你將學到的

  • Identify each deduction on a pay stub, including income tax, Social Security, and Medicare.
  • Explain how Form W-4 controls how much federal income tax is withheld from your pay.
  • Decide when to update your withholding after a life change, such as a second job or a new child.
  • Tell the difference between an employee (W-2) and an independent contractor (1099).

這與我們的課程有何關聯: Our class introduces pay statements and Form W-4. This lesson adds a sample pay stub with real numbers, a walk-through of each W-4 step, and the rules for people who live in one part of the DC area and work in another.

要知道的話

毛收入 (Gross pay)
扣除任何費用前的總薪資。
淨薪 (Net pay)
扣除稅後你實際拿到的錢。也叫做實帶薪資。
扣留 (Withholding)
雇主從你的薪水中扣錢,然後匯給政府繳稅。
W-4表格 (Form W-4)
你給雇主的聯邦表格,告訴他們該從薪水中扣除多少聯邦所得稅。
FICA 稅 (FICA taxes)
社會安全稅與醫療保險稅。FICA代表聯邦保險繳款法。
獨立承包商 (Independent contractor)
自營業者。不需扣稅,且勞工會收到1099表格,而非W-2表格。

你的薪資單,逐行

薪資單(也稱為薪資單)會隨每次薪資或直接存款附帶,無論是紙本還是線上。每個發薪日都要檢查。它會顯示你的薪資計算方式,且通常是最先發現錯誤的地方。

毛收入
你的工時乘以薪資,再加上任何加班費。這是扣除任何費用前的薪資。
稅前扣除
扣除部分稅款前的金額,例如健康保險或退休儲蓄。這些稅款會降低應課稅的薪資。
稅收
聯邦所得稅、州或華盛頓特區所得稅、社會安全和醫療保險。
稅後扣除
稅後扣除的款項,如工會會費或法院命令的工資扣押。
淨薪
剩下的給你。這是你的實得薪水。
年初至今(年初至今)
總計自1月1日以來。你今年的W-2表格是根據這些總數計算的。

也要檢查你的姓名、薪資期間的日期、工時和薪資。如果有問題,請立刻以書面告知雇主並保留一份副本。

範例

Ana的薪資單,還有真實數字

安娜住在馬里蘭州海茲維爾,並在華盛頓特區西北部擔任醫療助理。她每小時賺20美元,每兩週領80小時薪水。她的健康保險是稅前扣除的。所得稅金額僅為樣本。

Ana兩週的薪資(薪資單範例)
存根上的線條這個薪資期
毛薪(80小時×20美元)$1,600.00
健康保險(稅前)−$60.00
社會安全稅(6.2%)−$95.48
醫療保險稅(1.45%)−$22.33
聯邦所得稅−$101.00
馬里蘭州及縣所得稅−$98.00
淨薪(實得薪資)$1,223.19

1,600美元毛薪 − 60美元健康保險 = 社會安全和醫療保險課稅1,540美元

$1,540 × 6.2% = 社會安全 $95.48

$1,540 × 1.45% = $22.33 用於醫療保險

請注意,儘管安娜在華盛頓特區工作,華盛頓特區稅卻沒有被徵收。華盛頓特區不對居住在華盛頓特區外的人徵收工資。安娜繳納的是馬里蘭州的稅,而在馬里蘭州,這包括縣所得稅。

社會安全與醫療保險:塑造你未來的稅收

社會安全稅佔你薪資的6.2%。醫療保險稅是1.45%。你的雇主會再次繳納相同的金額,除了你的薪水之外。這些稅項合稱為FICA稅。大多數勞工無法選擇免除這些稅。

這些稅款用於支付退休、殘障及遺屬福利,以及通常從65歲開始的醫療保險健康保險。當你工作並繳納這些稅款時,你會獲得社會安全抵免。在2026年,你每賺1,890美元可獲得一筆抵免,每年最多可獲得四項抵免。大多數人需要40個抵免額才能領取退休福利。(社會安全稅會在你當年的薪資達到2026年上限184,500美元時停止。醫療保險稅沒有上限。)

請確認你的薪資紀錄上的名字與你的社會安全卡一致,否則你的收入可能不會被記入。你可以使用免費的 My Social Security 帳戶查詢你的收入紀錄。

Fill out Form W-4, step by step

Form W-4 tells your employer how much federal income tax to take out of your pay. You fill it out when you start a job, and you can give your employer a new one at any time. Everyone completes Steps 1 and 5. Do Steps 2 to 4 only if they apply to you.

  1. Step 1, personal information: your name, address, Social Security number, and filing status (single or married filing separately, married filing jointly, or head of household). Most single people choose single. A married couple usually files one return together (married filing jointly). An unmarried person who pays most of the costs of a home for a child or other relative they support may be able to file as head of household, which lowers the tax.
  2. Step 2, more than one job: use this step if you have two or more jobs at the same time, or if you are married filing jointly and your spouse also works. The most accurate way is the free IRS Tax Withholding Estimator. If there are only two jobs in total and the pay is similar, you can check the box in Step 2(c) on the W-4 for both jobs.
  3. Step 3, children and other dependents: on the 2026 form, if your income will be $200,000 or less ($400,000 or less if married filing jointly), multiply the number of qualifying children under 17 by $2,200 and other dependents by $500. This lowers your withholding, because these credits lower your tax.
  4. Step 4, other adjustments: enter other income that has no tax taken out (4a), deductions other than the standard deduction (4b), or extra tax you want taken out of each paycheck (4c).
  5. Step 5, sign and date: the form is not valid without your signature.

If you have more than one job, fill out Steps 3, 4(a), and 4(b) on the W-4 for only one job, usually the one that pays the most. Leave them blank on the others.

The 2026 Step 4(b) worksheet includes new federal deductions for qualified tips and overtime pay. If you expect to claim them, adding them can raise your take-home pay. Learn who qualifies in File for Free and Claim the Credits You Earned.

Your state or DC has its own withholding form: Form D-4 in DC, Form MW507 in Maryland, and Form VA-4 in Virginia.

範例

Two jobs and a surprise tax bill

Lucía is single and lives in Alexandria, Virginia. She has two part-time jobs. Each pays $20,000 a year. She filled out a simple W-4 at each job and skipped Step 2.

Each employer thinks its job is her only job. So each one subtracts the full 2026 standard deduction ($16,100) before it figures her tax. The standard deduction is an amount of income that is not taxed. Income above it is taxed in steps called tax brackets: the first $12,400 at 10%, the next part at 12%, and so on. Only the dollars inside a step pay that step's rate. These simplified numbers show federal income tax only. Real withholding tables differ a little, but the idea is the same.

Lucía's 2026 federal income tax (simplified)
LineAmount
Job 1 withholds: ($20,000 − $16,100) × 10%$390
Job 2 withholds the same$390
Total withheld during the year$780
Tax she really owes on $23,900 of taxable income ($40,000 − $16,100): 10% of the first $12,400, plus 12% of the rest$2,620
Amount she may owe when she files$1,840

The fix: Lucía uses the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator, or checks the Step 2(c) box on the W-4 for both jobs. With the box checked, each employer uses half of the standard deduction and half of each tax bracket. A little more comes out of each paycheck, and there is no big bill at tax time.

With Step 2(c) checked: about $1,310 withheld per job × 2 jobs = about $2,620 for the year

住在一個地方,在另一個地方工作

華盛頓特區地區的許多人住在一個州,或在華盛頓特區工作。在華盛頓特區、馬里蘭州和維吉尼亞州之間,你的工資通常只在你居住的地方課稅。華盛頓特區不會對居住在華盛頓特區以外的人的工資課稅。馬里蘭州和維吉尼亞州通常不會對居住在華盛頓特區或彼此州份的人徵稅。

  • 住在馬里蘭州或維吉尼亞州,在華盛頓特區工作: 華盛頓特區所得稅不應該從你的薪水中扣除。請給你的雇主提供華盛頓特區的非居住證明(D-4A表格)。你家鄉州的稅款應該會被扣除。
  • 住在華盛頓特區,在馬里蘭或維吉尼亞工作: 請向雇主提交MW507表格(馬里蘭州)或VA-4表格(維吉尼亞州)申請免稅。你需繳納華盛頓特區所得稅。
  • 住在馬里蘭州並在維吉尼亞州工作,或者反過來: 通常只有你所在州會對你的薪資課稅,前提是你在工作州沒有房屋,且每年在那裡待不超過183天。請將你工作州的表格(VA-4或MW507)交給你的雇主。
  • 住在馬里蘭州: 你的馬里蘭州預扣稅也包含縣所得稅。

這些規定是針對薪資的。請檢查你在新工作時的第一張薪資單。如果你所在州的稅款沒有被扣繳,請詢問你的薪資辦公室。如果你的雇主沒有扣繳,你可能需要在年度內自行繳納該稅,這樣申報時就不會欠大額稅款和罰款。

小心

用1099表格領薪水,但被當作員工對待?

員工會收到W-2表格。雇主會代扣稅款,並支付一半的社會安全和醫療保險稅。獨立承包商則會收到1099-NEC表格。不會扣繳任何稅款,且工人將這兩半作為自僱稅繳納。

有些企業稱員工為承包商,以避免繳納稅金和福利。這稱為錯誤分類。若有以下情況,你可能成為員工:

  • 公司會幫你設定工時,並告訴你該怎麼做。
  • 公司會提供工具、用品或制服。
  • 你是按小時計酬,無法自行定價。
  • 你只為這家公司工作,沒有結束日期。
  • 你會獲得福利,例如帶薪假期。

如果這聽起來像是你的工作,你可以請國稅局用SS-8表格來決定。答案可能需要六個月或更久。如果你被錯誤分類,表格8919可能只允許你支付員工份額的社會安全和醫療保險稅。如需免費協助,請聯絡低收入納稅人診所或法律援助機構,如華盛頓特區法律援助、馬里蘭法律援助或北維吉尼亞法律服務。

提示

每年檢查你的預扣稅

每年初及任何重大變動後,例如新工作、第二份工作、結婚、離婚、新生兒或大幅加薪後,請使用 IRS的稅款預扣 估算器。此功能免費,無需登入,約需25分鐘。準備好最新的薪資單和去年的報稅表。

目標是拿到小額退稅或一張小帳單。非常大的退稅代表你全年被扣留了太多自己的薪水,卻沒有支付利息。大額帳單則代表扣款太少。

只有在你去年沒有繳聯邦所得稅且今年預期不會繳納的情況下,才可申請免扣稅。免稅W-4有效期為一年。2026年,你必須在2027年2月16日前向雇主提交新的。

重點摘要

  • Gross pay is what you earn. Net pay is what you take home after taxes and other deductions.
  • Social Security (6.2%) and Medicare (1.45%) come out of almost every paycheck and count toward your future benefits.
  • Give your employer a new W-4 when your life changes, such as a second job, marriage, or a new child.
  • Between DC, Maryland, and Virginia, your wages are usually taxed only where you live, not where you work.
  • If a company controls how, when, and where you work, you may be an employee, even if it gives you a 1099.

檢查你的理解

回答問題後,選擇「檢查我的答案」。取得45權利完成本課程。這是練習:沒有時間限制,我們不會保留你的答案。

1問題5 Kofi這週的毛薪是1,000美元。稅前不扣款。他的薪水應該扣多少社會安全稅?
2問題5 露西亞單身,開始第二份兼職工作。兩份工作薪水差不多。她該怎麼做才能扣繳足夠的聯邦所得稅?
3問題5 Samuel 住在馬里蘭州銀泉市,並在華盛頓市中心一家飯店全職工作。除了聯邦稅,他的薪水應該扣哪些所得稅?
4問題5 Grace 在一家清潔公司工作。公司會幫她設定工時,告訴她怎麼打掃,還會給她用品和制服。她是按小時計薪。年底她會拿到一份 1099-NEC 表格,而不是 W-2。什麼是真的?
5問題5 Dawit 每年欠一些聯邦所得稅,但薪水被扣得太多,所以他每年退還 3,000 美元。大多數月份他都沒錢付房租。他的生活沒有任何改變。什麼才是好選擇?

繼續說

值得信賴的網站,您可以在這裡了解更多資訊。這些連結會指向 Dollar Scholars 未經營的其他網站。

本課程是一般財務教育,非法律、稅務或財務建議。規則與金額會變動,因此重要數字請向官方來源查詢。