Izinketho zokuqasha nezindlu · Isifundo 1 2

Ukuqasha endaweni ye-DC: ukuqasha, idiphozithi, kanye namalungelo akho

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuqashisa, imithetho yediphozithi nemali e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, uhlelo lokuhambisa izithombe, nokuthi ungaluthola kuphi usizo lwamahhala ngokulungisa, ukukhuphuka kwerenti, noma ukuxoshwa. (About 18 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Buyekeza ukuqasha bese uthola imigomo esemqoka: irenti, izimali, ubude, ukuvuselelwa, ukulungiswa, nokuthi ungakuqeda kanjani.
Qhathanisa idiphozi yokuphepha, imali ekhokhwayo, nemithetho yesaziso e-DC, Maryland, naseVirginia.
Qopha isimo seyunithi ngesikhathi sokungena nokuphuma ukuvikela idiphozi yakho.
Thola usizo lwamahhala lwendawo lokulungiswa, ukukhuphuka kwerenti, ukukhiya, noma izaziso zokuxoshwa.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu lihamba ngezinyathelo zokuqasha, ukufunda isivumelwano sokuqasha, umshuwalense womqashi, namalungelo akho ayisisekelo njengomqashi. Lesi sifundo sengeza imithetho yangempela e-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, uhlu lokuhlola lokuqashisa, isimiso sezithombe esivikela idiphozi yakho, nezindawo zendawo zokuthola usizo lwamahhala.

Amagama okumele wazi

Ukuqasha (Lease): Isivumelwano esibhaliwe phakathi kwakho nomnikazi wendawo. Uhlu lwerenti, ukuthi ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani lapho, izimali, nemithetho yenu nobabili.
Idiphozi yezokuphepha (Security deposit): Imali oyikhokhela umnikazi wendawo ngaphambi kokuthuthela. Umnikazi wendawo angayisebenzisa ngerenti engakhokhelwa noma umonakalo owudalile. Konke okunye kufanele kubuyele kuwe ngemuva kokuhamba.
Ukugqoka okujwayelekile nokugqoka (Normal wear and tear): Izinguquko ezincane ezenzeka lapho abantu behlala ekhaya ngendlela ejwayelekile, njengopende obufiphele noma ukhaphethi ogqoke ukuhamba. Umnikazi wendawo akakwazi ukugcina idiphozi yakho.
Umshuwalense womqashi (Renter's insurance): Umshuwalense wabaqashi. Kuyasiza ukukhokhela ukubuyisela izimpahla zakho ngemuva komlilo noma ukweba, futhi kukuvikela uma othile elimele ekhaya lakho.
I-Deductible (Deductible): Ingxenye yokulahleka oyikhokhelayo ngaphambi kokuba umshuwalense ukhokhe. Nge- $ 500 deductible kanye nokulahleka kwe- $ 1,200, umshuwalense ukhokha u- $ 700.
Ukulawulwa kwerenti (Rent control): Imithetho ekhawulela ukuthi umnikazi wendawo angakhuphula malini irenti minyaka yonke. E-DC, izakhiwo eziningi ezindala zokuqasha zimboziwe. I-DC iphinde ibize lokhu ukuzinza kwerenti.
Ukuxoshwa (Eviction): Inqubo yezomthetho umnikazi wendawo ayisebenzisayo ukwenza umqashi ashiye ikhaya. E-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, yinkantolo kuphela engayalela.
I-sublet (Sublet): Ukuqasha yonke noma ingxenye yekhaya lakho komunye umuntu ngenkathi igama lakho lihlala esivumelwaneni. Ukuqasha okuningi kudinga imvume ebhaliwe yomnikazi kuqala.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo: Imali yokuhlola nokuhlolwa

Iningi labanikazi bezindlu lihlola imali engenayo, umlando wokuqasha, kanye nesikweletu. Abaningi bakhokhisa imali yesicelo ngalokhu. Buza ukuthi yini umnikazi wendawo ayifunayo ngaphambi kokukhokha, bese ufaka isicelo kuphela lapho kungenzeka ukuthi wamukelwe khona. Umthetho ukhawulela lezi zindleko:

DC: Ngo-2026, umkhawulo ngu- $ 54.
Maryland: Umnikazi wendawo enamayunithi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu angagcina u- $ 25 kuphela, ngaphandle kokuthi izindleko zokuhlola zangempela ziphakeme, futhi kufanele abuyisele okusele.
Virginia: Akukho ngaphezu kwama- $ 50, kanye nezindleko zangempela zesheke langaphandle langaphandle.

Ayikho inombolo yokuphepha kwezenhlalo noma umlando wesikweletu? Buza ukuthi yini enye umnikazi wendawo ayimukelayo, njenge-ITIN, izincwadi zokukhokha, izitatimende zasebhange, noma incwadi evela kumnikazi wendawo odlule. Bheka isifundo sethu ngesikweletu sokwakha.

Imithetho yezindlu elungile yenza kube semthethweni ukwenqaba ukuqasha kuwe ngenxa yohlanga lwakho, umbala, imvelaphi yezwe, inkolo, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, noma izingane. Umthetho we-DC, Maryland, neVirginia nawo uvikela umthombo wakho wemali engenayo, njengevawusha yezindlu, ezimweni eziningi.

Qaphela

Uhlu lokuqasha olukhohlisayo

Abakhohlisi bakopisha uhlu lwangempela, banciphise intengo, futhi bacele idiphozi noma imali ngaphambi kokubona ikhaya. Izimpawu zokuxwayisa:

Intengo yemali ekhokhwayo iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yezindlu eziseduze.
"Umnikazi" ungekho futhi akakwazi ukukukhombisa indlu.
Namuhla uphoqeleka ukukhokhela imali.
Bafuna ukudluliswa ngocingo, ikhadi lesipho, i-cryptocurrency, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha.

Vakashela ikhaya mathupha. Sesha ikheli ku-inthanethi lekhaya elifanayo ngentengo ehlukile noma ngaphansi kwegama elihlukile. Bheka umnikazi kumarekhodi entela yempahla. Ungalokothi uthumele imali ngaphambi kokubona ikhaya bese usayina isivumelwano. Bheka futhi ukuthi ungabona kanjani imikhonyovu nemikhonyovu ebhekiswe kubantu abasha.

Uhlu lwakho lokuhlola lokuqasha

Isivumelwano sokuqasha yisivumelwano esisemthethweni. Funda konke ngaphambi kokusayina. Uma isiNgisi sinzima kuwe, cela umuntu omethembayo noma umsizi wezomthetho wamahhala ukuthi ayifunde nawe. Hlola:

Inani lerenti, usuku olubekiwe, nezindlela zokukhokha
Inkokhelo yesikhathi esithile: kungakanani futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingakanani
Ubude bokuqasha, nokuthi ngabe uvuselelwa ngokwayo
Kungakanani isaziso esibhaliwe okufanele usinikeze ngaphambi kokuhamba
Yiziphi izikweletu ozikhokhayo: ugesi, igesi, amanzi, udoti, i-inthanethi
Indlela yokucela ukulungiswa nokuthi ngubani okufanele ubize esimweni esiphuthumayo
Imithetho yezivakashi, ohlala nabo, izilwane ezifuywayo, kanye ne-sublease
Kwenzekani uma kufanele uqede ukuqasha ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Zonke izimali ezengeziwe nokuthi ngabe umshuwalense womqashi uyadingeka yini

Izigatshana okufanele uzibuze ngaphambi kokusayina

Isigatshana esithi udela amalungelo akho asemthethweni noma ilungelo lakho lokuqulwa kwecala lejaji, noma ukuthi "uvuma isahlulelo." Ukuvuma isahlulelo kusho ukuthi uyavuma kusengaphambili ukuvumela umnikazi wendawo ukuthi anqobe icala lasenkantolo. Ukuqasha kweMaryland kungenzeka kungabandakanyi lezi zigatshana. Ukuqasha kweVirginia kungenzeka kungabandakanyi ukuvuma isahlulelo noma kukwenze ulahle amalungelo akho ngaphansi komthetho wokuqasha wombuso.
Imali yokulungisa noma izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo. Abanikazi bezindlu baseVirginia abakwazi ukukhokhisa imali yesondlo noma yokulungisa ongazange ubangele. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 14, 2026, abanikazi bezindlu ze-DC bangakwazi ukukhokhisa imali ehlukile yezinsizakalo ezidingekayo ukugcina ikhaya liphila, njengensizakalo kadoti noma ukukhiya.
Imali ekhokhwayo ngaphezu komkhawulo wendawo (bheka isigaba esilandelayo).
Izikhala ezingenalutho. Ungalokothi usayine isivumelwano sokuqasha ngezikhala.

Gcina ikhophi ephelele yesivumelwano sokuqasha esisayiniwe. EMaryland, uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo Abaqashi baseMaryland kufanele unamathiselwe kuwo. E-Virginia, kufanele uthole Isitatimende Sikahulumeni Samalungelo Nezibopho Zomthwalo Wokuqasha Ngokuqasha Okubhaliwe.

Isibonelo

I-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia, izinombolo zangempela

Imithetho incike ekutheni ikhaya likuphi. Ezinye izifunda namadolobha zengeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.

Imithetho eyinhloko yomqashi kusukela ngoSepthemba 2026
Umthetho	I-DC	Maryland	Virginia
Idiphozi enkulu kunazo zonke yokuphepha	Irenti yenyanga eyodwa	Irenti yenyanga eyodwa yokuqasha iningi elisayinwe ngo-Okthoba 1, 2024 noma ngemuva kwalokho	Irenti yezinyanga ezimbili
Umnqamulajuqu ngemuva kokuphuma kwakho	izinsuku ezingama-45 zokuyibuyisela ngenzalo noma ukusho ngokubhala ukuthi yini ezogcinwa	Izinsuku ezingama-45 zokubuyisela okusele ngenzalo kanye nohlu lwezinkokhelo	Izinsuku ezingama-45 zokubuyisela uhlu lokuncishiswa
Imali enkulu kunazo zonke sekwephuzile	I-5% yerenti efanelekile, kuphela ngemuva kokuthi irenti iphuzile izinsuku ezi-5 sekwephuzile	I-5% yemali yokuqasha sekwephuzile	I-10% yerenti yanyanga zonke noma ibhalansi engakhokhelwa, noma yikuphi okuncane
Isaziso esibhaliwe ngaphambi kwecala lokuxoshwa kwerenti engakhokhelwa	Izinsuku eziyi-10, futhi kuphela uma ukweleta u- $ 600 noma ngaphezulu	Izinsuku ezingu-10	Izinsuku ezingu-14

Manje sebenzisa izinombolo. URosa ufuna ifulethi elinegumbi elilodwa lokulala eColumbia Heights ngo- $ 1,800 ngenyanga. Nansi imali eningi angayidinga ngosuku lokuhamba:

Imali yokuthuthela kukaRosa efulethini le- $ 1,800 DC
Izindleko	Inani
Imali yesicelo (umkhawulo we-DC ka-2026)	$ 54
Idiphozithi yokuphepha (irenti yenyanga eyodwa okungenani)	$ 1,800
Irenti yenyanga yokuqala	$ 1,800
Umshuwalense Wokuqasha - Inyanga Yokuqala	$ 15
Iloli elihambayo nezinto	$ 200
Ingqikithi	$ 3,869

E-Virginia, umnikazi wendawo angacela idiphozi efinyelela ku- $ 3,600 ngerenti efanayo. E-Maryland, awukwazi ukuphoqeleka ukuthi ukhokhe ngaphezu kwerenti yenyanga yokuqala kanye nediphozi ngaphambi kokuthuthela.

Umkhawulo wemali ye-DC noma iMaryland sekwephuzile: $ 1,800 × 5% = $ 90

Umkhawulo wemali yokukhokha sekwephuzile yaseVirginia: $ 1,800 × 10% = $ 180

Vikela idiphozi yakho ngezithombe

Izimpikiswano eziningi zediphozithi zimayelana nombuzo owodwa: ngabe umonakalo wawukhona ngaphambi kokuthuthela? Izithombe ezibhaliwe nohlu olubhaliwe luyaphendula.

Ngaphambi kokuhambisa izinto zakho, thatha izithombe zakudala kanye nevidiyo ehamba kancane yegumbi ngalinye: izindonga, phansi, amafasitela, iminyango, izinto zikagesi, igumbi lokugezela, nanoma yikuphi umonakalo. Thumela amafayela kuwe nge-imeyili ngosuku olufanayo.
Bhala zonke izinkinga, njengokuthi "ibala kukhaphethi wegumbi lokulala." Hlola izibani, ompompi, ukushisa, i-air conditioning, ne-alamu yentuthu.
Thumela uhlu nezithombe kumnikazi wendawo ngokubhala, bese ugcine ikhophi. E-Maryland, ungacela ukuhlolwa kokuthuthela ngeposi eliqinisekisiwe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngemuva kokuthuthela kwakho. E-Virginia, umnikazi wendawo kufanele akunikeze umbiko wokuthuthela ezinsukwini ezi-5, futhi unezinsuku ezi-5 zokuphikisa ngokubhala.
Lapho uphuma, hlanza, bese uthatha izithombe ezintsha namavidiyo wezindawo ezifanayo.
Buyisela zonke izihluthulelo bese unikeze umnikazi wendawo ikheli lakho elisha ngokubhala. E-Maryland, ukuze ube khona ekuhlolweni kokuhamba, thumela incwadi eqinisekisiwe okungenani izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakho. E-Virginia, unelungelo lokuba khona uma ubuza umnikazi wendawo ngokubhala.

Umnikazi wendawo akakwazi ukugcina idiphozi yakho ngokugqoka okujwayelekile. E-DC, kusukela ngo-Agasti 2026, umnikazi wendawo othi ukweleta imali kufanele athumele izithombe noma obunye ubufakazi, futhi unezinsuku ezingama-30 zokuphikisana nakho.

Incwadi yesampula: ukucela idiphozi yakho

Othandekayo [igama lomnikazi wendawo],
Ngaphuma [ikheli nenombolo yeyunithi] ngo-[usuku] futhi ngabuyisela zonke izihluthulelo. Ngishiye iyunithi ihlanzekile futhi isesimweni esifanayo nalapho ngithutha, ngaphandle kokugqoka okujwayelekile. Izithombe zami zinamathiselwe.
Sicela uthumele idiphozi yami yokuphepha ye- $ [imali], kanye nanoma iyiphi inzalo edingwa ngumthetho, ku [ikheli elisha]. Uma uhlela ukugcina noma iyiphi ingxenye yayo, sicela ungithumelele uhlu lwezinkokhelo nobufakazi bakho.
Ngiyabonga,
[Igama lakho], [inombolo yocingo], [usuku]

Gcina ikhophi nobufakazi bosuku othumele ngalo.

Ithiphu

Umshuwalense Womshuwalense: Yini ehlanganisayo, ngezindleko zesampula

Umshuwalense wendawo yakho uhlanganisa isakhiwo, hhayi izinto zakho. Umshuwalense womqashi ungakhokha ukubuyisela izimpahla zakho ngemuva komlilo, ipayipi eliqhumayo, noma ukweba. Iphinde ikuvikele uma isivakashi silimele ekhaya lakho, futhi izinqubomgomo eziningi zikhokhela ihhotela ngenkathi ikhaya lakho lilungiswa. Ezinye izivumelwano zokuqasha ziyakudinga.

Isibonelo, uRosa uthola isicaphuno se- $ 15 ngenyanga, noma u- $ 180 ngonyaka, nge- $ 20,000 yokumbozwa kwezimpahla zakhe, nge- $ 500 deductible. Kamuva, othile uqhekeza futhi weba i-laptop yakhe engu- $ 1,200.

$ 1,200 ukulahleka − $ 500 deductible = $ 700 ekhokhwa ngumshuwalense

Amanani ancike enkampanini, ikhodi yakho ye-ZIP, ukumbozwa, kanye ne-deductible, ngakho-ke qhathanisa izingcaphuno ezimbili noma ezintathu. Umshuwalense ojwayelekile womqashi ngokuvamile awuhlanganisi izikhukhula.

Qaphela

Ukukhiya akuyona into esemthethweni yokuxoshwa

E-DC, eMaryland, naseVirginia, yinkantolo kuphela engayalela ukuxoshwa. Umnikazi wendawo akakwazi ukushintsha amakhiye, asuse izinto zakho, noma avale ukushisa kwakho, amanzi, noma ugesi ukukuphoqa ukuba uphume. Ngemuva komyalelo wenkantolo, i-US Marshals Service yenza ukuxoshwa e-DC, futhi i-sheriff yenza eMaryland naseVirginia.

Uma ukhiyiwe, shayela amaphoyisa futhi ukhulule usizo lwezomthetho ngokushesha. E-DC, shayela neHhovisi le-Tenant Advocate.

Uma uthola amaphepha enkantolo, iya ngosuku lwakho lwenkantolo. Ungase ukwazi ukumisa ukuxoshwa kwerenti engakhokhelwa ngokukhokha lokho inkantolo ethi ukweleta ngaphambi kosuku lokuxoshwa. Thola usizo lwezomthetho ngokushesha.

Umnikazi wendawo futhi angase angakujezisi ngokucela ukulungiswa noma ukubika izinkinga zekhodi, njengokukhuphula irenti yakho. E-Maryland, kuyicala ukufuna imali noma yini eyigugu ngokusabisa ukubika isimo somuntu wokufuduka.

Izinketho kanambambili ongakhetha kanambambili ongakhetha kanambambili

Ukulungiswa

Cela ukulungiswa ngokubhala, njenge-imeyili noma umbhalo, bese ugcine ikhophi. E-DC, ungacela uMnyango Wezakhiwo ukuhlolwa kwezindlu ku-inthanethi noma ku- (202) 671-3500. E-Maryland naseVirginia, shayela ihhovisi lakho lokuphoqelela ikhodi. Ungamane uyeke ukukhokha irenti. I-Maryland neVirginia zinezinqubo zenkantolo lapho ukhokha khona irenti enkantolo kuze kube yilapho ukulungiswa. Thola izeluleko zomthetho kuqala.

Ukukhuphuka kwerenti

DC: Izakhiwo eziningi ezindala zinokulawula irenti. Kusukela ngoMeyi 1, 2026 kuya ku-Ephreli 30, 2027, irenti yeyunithi elawulwa yirenti ingakhuphuka ngo-4.1%, noma u-2.1% kubaqashi asebekhulile abafanelekile nabaqashi abakhubazekile. Buza ihhovisi le-Tenant Advocate uma iyunithi yakho ihlanganisiwe.
Maryland: Irenti ingakhuphuka kuphela uma isivumelwano sivuselelwa, ezimweni eziningi ngezinsuku ezingama-90 zesaziso esibhaliwe. Awukho umkhawulo wombuso, kepha abanye ohulumeni basekhaya banemikhawulo.
Virginia: Umnikazi wendawo ophethe amayunithi angaphezu kwamane okuqasha kufanele anikeze isaziso esibhaliwe sokukhuphuka kwerenti okungenani izinsuku ezingama-60 ngaphambi kokuphela kwesivumelwano sokuqashisa. Kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2027, lesi sikhathi sesaziso siba yizinsuku ezingama-90.

Usizo lwamahhala

DC: IHhovisi LoMmeli Wokuqasha, (202) 719-6560, 899 North Capitol Street NE (información en español). Usizo Lwezomthetho DC, (202) 628-1161.
Maryland: IHhovisi Lezindaba Zabaqashi Nabaninikhaya, 855-511-3423. Ukuze uthole ummeli wamahhala ecaleni lokuxoshwa, shayela u-211 noma uvakashele legalhelpmd.org ukuze ubone ukuthi uyafaneleka yini.
Virginia: Usizo lwezomthetho lwaseVirginia, (866) 534-5243. ENyakatho Virginia, Izinsizakalo Zomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia, (703) 778-6800.
Noma kuphi: Umeluleki wezindlu ovunyelwe yi-HUD angasiza ngezinkinga zokuqasha nesabelomali, imvamisa ngezindleko ezincane noma ezingenamali.

Uma ukulahleka komsebenzi noma okuphuthumayo kwenza irenti ibe nzima ukuyikhokha, khuluma nomnikazi wakho ngaphambi kokuba irenti iphuzile, futhi ubone isifundo sethu sokuthi yini okumele uyenze uma imali yakho yehla.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ungalokothi ukhokhe idiphozi noma imali yekhaya ongakaze ulibone, futhi ungalokothi ukhokhe ngekhadi lesipho, ukudluliswa ngocingo, noma nge-cryptocurrency.
Funda yonke isivumelwano ngaphambi kokusayina. Buza mayelana nemali ngayinye, bese ugcine ikhophi esayiniwe.
I-DC neMaryland bakhawulela amadiphozithi amaningi okuphepha kwirenti yenyanga eyodwa. I-Virginia ivumela kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili. Bobathathu banikeza abanikazi bezindlu izinsuku ezingama-45 ngemuva kokuphuma ukuthi babuyisele noma bachaze ngokubhala ukuthi bazogcina.
Thatha izithombe namavidiyo aphelelwe yisikhathi lapho ungena nalapho uphuma, bese uthumela uhlu lwakho lwezinkinga kumnikazi wendawo ngokubhala.
Inkantolo kuphela engayalela ukuxoshwa. Uma uthola amaphepha enkantolo, iya ngosuku lwakho lwenkantolo bese ushayela usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala ngokushesha.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ihhovisi le-Tenant Advocate (OTA) (Enye iwebhusayithi)
DC government · Ulimi: English

Usizo lwamahhala lwabaqashi be-DC: izeluleko zomthetho nokumelwa, usizo lwezindlu eziphuthumayo, imininingwane yokulawula irenti, kanye nomkhawulo wamanje wemali yesicelo.
UMqulu Wamalungelo Abaqashi baseMaryland (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development · Ulimi: English

Isifinyezo sombuso saminyaka yonke samalungelo abaqashi eMaryland, ngokuhunyushwa ngeSpanishi nakwezinye izilimi eziningi.
Imithombo Yomqashi Nomnikazi Wezindlu (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development · Ulimi: English

Isitatimende saseVirginia samalungelo nezibopho zabaqashi, esibuyekeziwe ngoJulayi 1, 2026, ngesiNgisi, iSpanishi, isi-Arabhu, isiShayina, isiKorea, nesiTagalog.
Ukukhwabanisa Uhlu Lokuqasha (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zezikhangiso zokuqasha mbumbulu nokuthi ungahlola kanjani uhlu ngaphambi kokukhokha.
Estafas de listados de propiedades en alquiler (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Iseluleko se-FTC ngohlu lokuqasha olukhohlisayo, ngeSpanishi.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.