Rapò sou kredi ak kredi nòt · Leson 2 nan 3
Build Credit from Zero
A month-by-month plan to earn a first credit score, with costs compared, for newcomers, young adults, ITIN holders and anyone without a credit history.
Konplete sou aparèy sa a
Pati nan leson sa a yo pa tradui nan lang ou ankò, kidonk yo montre nan lang angle.
Nan leson sa a
Kisa w pral aprann
- Explain what credit invisible means and why it matters for renting, jobs and loans.
- Compare secured cards, credit-builder loans, authorized user accounts, lending circles and rent reporting.
- Describe how to apply for credit with an ITIN at lenders that accept one.
- Follow a month-by-month plan to earn a first credit score.
Ki jan sa konekte ak klas nou yo: Our class covers how to build credit with tools like secured cards and alternative credit history. This lesson gives you a month-by-month plan, a cost comparison with real numbers, and steps for newcomers and ITIN holders.
Mo pou konnen
- Kredi envizib (Credit invisible)
- Èske w pa gen okenn istwa kredi nan nenpòt nan twa biwo kredi nan tout peyi a.
- Dosye mens (Thin file)
- Yon rapò kredi ak anpil kèk kont Li ka twò piti pou pwodwi yon pwen kredi
- Kat kredi garanti (Secured credit card)
- Yon kat kredi ki bezwen yon depo lajan kach Depo nòmalman mete limit kredi ou
- Kredi-mason prè (Credit-builder loan)
- Yon ti prè ki fèt nan yon kont ekonomi fèmen pandan w ap fè peman Ou jwenn lajan an nan fen
- Itilizatè otorize (Authorized user)
- Yon moun ki gen dwa sèvi ak kat kredi yon lòt moun Yon itilizatè otorize jeneralman pa responsab pou peye bòdwo a.
- ITIN
- Nimewo Idantifikasyon Kontribyab Endividyèl yo Yon nimewo taks 9 chif ki soti nan IRS pou moun ki pa ka jwenn yon nimewo Sekirite Sosyal.
No credit is not bad credit, but it can cost you
If none of the three nationwide credit bureaus has a file on you, you are credit invisible. If your file has only one or two new accounts, you may have a thin file, which can be too small to produce a score. A credit score is a number, usually from 300 to 850, that comes from your credit report. It helps lenders guess how likely you are to pay on time, and a higher score usually means lower costs to borrow. Many people are in this group: newcomers to the United States, young adults, and people who pay for everything in cash.
Having no score is not the same as having a bad score. But it can still cost you money:
- Loans and cards: Lenders may turn you down or charge you a higher interest rate.
- Housing: Landlords may check your credit before they rent to you.
- Jobs: Some employers check credit. In DC, most employers may not ask for or use your credit information when they make job decisions, with some exceptions. You can report a violation to the DC Office of Human Rights.
Some good habits you already have may not count. Rent, phone and utility payments usually do not appear on credit reports unless the company reports them. Debit cards and prepaid cards do not build credit, because you are not borrowing money. Payday loans do not help either, because the payments are not reported to the credit bureaus. Car dealers that lend their own money (sometimes called buy here, pay here) often report only late payments, not on-time payments.
Senk fason yo kòmanse, konpare
Ou sèlman bezwen youn oubyen de nan zouti sa yo. Chwazi youn ki adapte bidjè ou epi ki rapòte peman ou bay biwo kredi yo.
| Zouti | Ki jan li fonksyone | Gade pou |
|---|---|---|
| Kat kredi garanti | Ou peye yon depo lajan kach, pa egzanp $300. Depo nòmalman vin limit kredi ou. Ou itilize kat la epi peye bòdwo a. Ou jwenn depo garanti a tounen lè ou fèmen kont lan epi ou pa dwe anyen, oswa lè ou deplase nan yon kat regilye. | Frè chak ane oswa chak mwa. Mande si li rapòte nan tout twa biwo epi si ou ka pita deplase nan yon kat regilye. |
| Kredi-mason prè | Souvan soti nan yon inyon kredi oswa san bi likratif Kreditè a mete yon ti prè, souvan $ 300 a $ 1,000, nan yon kont ekonomi fèmen. Ou fè peman pou 6 a 24 mwa. Lè sa a, ou jwenn lajan an. | Enterè ak frè Yon peman manke fè mal kredi ou olye pou yo ede li. |
| Itilizatè otorize | Yon manm fanmi oswa yon zanmi ajoute ou nan kont kat kredi yo. Ou jeneralman pa responsab pou peye bòdwo a. | Mande konpayi kat la si li rapòte otorize itilizatè yo nan biwo kredi yo. Peman an reta mèt kay la oswa balans segondè ka blese kredi ou. Sèvi ak li kòm yon premye etap, pa etap ou sèlman. |
| Prete sèk | Yon gwoup moun chak peye nan yon fon pataje chak mwa. Chak mwa, yon manm jwenn tout kantite lajan an. Gen kèk ki pa Peye-pwofi kouri ti sèk prete epi rapòte chak peman nan biwo kredi yo. | Yon tanda fanmi oswa susu bati kredi sèlman si yon moun rapòte peman yo nan omwen yon biwo kredi. |
| Rapò sou lwaye | Mèt kay ou, oswa yon sèvis ou enskri pou, rapòte peman lwaye ou pou omwen yon biwo kredi. | Mande ki biwo jwenn done yo, si gen yon frè ak si peman an reta rapòte tou. Se pa chak pwen kredi konte peman lwaye |
Yon egzanp nan yon pwogram sèk prete: ki pa Peye-pwofi Misyon Byen Fon kouri Prè Sèk ak gwoup patnè. Li di prè li yo pa gen okenn enterè, li rapòte peman nan twa gwo biwo kredi yo, ak moun ki gen yon ITIN ka sèvi ak li yo bati kredi.
Egzanp
Ki sa li koute: yon kat garanti oswa yon kredi-builder prè
Samyèl ap travay nan yon restoran nan Silver Spring epi li peye an pati nan lajan kach. Li gen $ 300 sove Li konpare de òf nan inyon kredi l 'yo Sa yo se nimewo egzanp Toujou mande pou depans sa yo reyèl nan ekri
| Atik | Kat tache | Kredi-mason prè |
|---|---|---|
| Lajan li mete nan | $ 300 depo | $636 nan peman |
| Lajan li jwenn tounen | $ 300 | $ 600 |
| Frè chak ane | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| Enterè | $ 0 | $ 36 |
| Pri pou ane a | $ 0 | $ 36 |
$ 53 × 12 mwa = $ 636 peye; $ 636 − $ 600 retounen = $ 36 pri
Kat garanti a pa koute anyen si Samyèl chwazi yon kat ki pa gen okenn frè chak ane epi peye tout balans lan chak mwa. Li jwenn depo l tounen lè li fèmen kat la epi li pa dwe anyen, oswa lè li pase nan yon kat nòmal. Prè a koute $36, men li mache tankou yon plan ekonomi: nan fen li gen $600. Toulede bati kredi si yo rapòte yo bay biwo yo. Si Samuel pat gen $300 pou yon depo, prè a se kapab fason ki pi fasil pou kòmanse.
Fèk vini ak moun ki gen ITIN
Yon ITIN se yon nimewo taks ki soti nan IRS la pou moun ki pa ka jwenn yon nimewo Sekirite Sosyal. Ou ka bati yon istwa kredi Etazini avèk yon ITIN. Gen kèk konpayi kat ak lòt pretè ki aksepte yon ITIN sou aplikasyon kredi. Se pa tout ki fè sa, epi règ yo diferan nan chak pretè. Depi jen 2026, regilatè federal yo te mande bank yo pou yo gade pi byen kliyan ki itilize yon ITIN. Gen kèk ki ka mande plis dokiman oswa di non, kidonk mande anvan ou aplike. Pran lis kesyon sa a avèk ou:
- Èske ou aksepte yon ITIN pou kat sa a oswa prè?
- Èske ou rapòte peman yo bay Equifax, Experian ak TransUnion?
- Ki sa ki tout frè yo, chak mwa ak chak ane?
- Pou yon kat garanti: ki sa ki se depo ki pi piti a, ak ki lè mwen ka deplase nan yon kat regilye?
- Ki dokiman mwen bezwen, tankou paspò, ID konsila oswa prèv adrès?
Sèvi ak menm òtograf non ou, menm dat nesans ak adrès aktyèl ou sou chak aplikasyon. Sa ede biwo kredi yo kenbe tout kont ou yo nan yon sèl dosye.
Kredi nan yon lòt peyi: Istwa kredi ou nan yon lòt peyi pa parèt sou rapò kredi Etazini. Kèk prêteurs Etazini travay avèk konpayi ki ka gade istwa kredi nan kèk lòt peyi yo. Mande prêteur a si li ka fè sa. Si li pa kapab, kòmanse ak yonn nan zouti CI-dessus.
Egzanp
Month-by-month plan: Aisha's first score
Aisha moved to Takoma Park and works at a hotel. She has an ITIN and no U.S. credit history. Here is her plan. You can follow the same steps.
- Before you start: Get your reports from each bureau to see if you already have a file. Without a Social Security number, ask by mail. Save money for a deposit if you need one.
- Month 1: Open one account that reports to all three bureaus. Aisha opens a secured card with a $300 limit. She sets up automatic payment from her checking account for the full balance on each statement.
- Months 1 to 6: Use the card for one small, regular bill, like a $30 phone bill. Keep the balance under 30% of the limit. On a $300 card, that means less than $90. Credit scores look at how much of your limit you are using, called credit utilization, and using only a small part of it helps your score. Pay the full balance by the due date every month.
- Month 6: Check your reports from all three bureaus. Make sure the new account is there and correct. A FICO score needs at least one account that has been open six months or more, and at least one account reported in the last six months. So around now, you may get your first score.
- Months 7 to 12: Keep using the card for small amounts and paying on time. Ask if you can move to a regular card and get your deposit back. Do not apply for many new accounts at once.
- After month 12: If you need it, add a second, different kind of credit, such as a credit-builder loan. Keep your oldest account open.
$300 limit × 30% = $90, so keep the balance under $90
Where can Aisha see her score? Many credit card companies give their customers a free credit score. HUD-approved housing counselors and nonprofit credit counselors can often give you a free credit report and score, too.
Atansyon
Pyèj pou evite
- Segondè frè Kèk kat ak kredi mason pwodwi chaje frè chak mwa, frè enstalasyon oswa frè chak ane. Ajoute moute tout frè yo pou yon ane epi konpare yo ak yon kat garanti ki pa gen okenn frè chak ane.
- Pwomès yon nòt rapid Bati kredi pran mwa Pa gen moun ki ka ba ou yon bon nòt nan kèk jou
- Yon nouvo idantite kredi Gen kèk vandè ki ofri yon nouvo nimewo pou itilize olye pou yo pwòp nimewo Sekirite Sosyal ou oswa ITIN. Sèvi ak yon nimewo ki pa pou ou pou aplike pou kredi ilegal. Ou ka fè fas a amann oswa prizon.
- Twòp kredi twò vit Louvri plizyè nouvo kont nan yon ti tan ka diminye nòt ou epi fè pretè enkyetid.
Scammers yo souvan vize moun ki nouvo nan peyi a. Wè èskrokri ki vize fèk vini yo
Konsèy
Gratis èd tou pre ou
Nan DC, Depatman Asirans, Sekirite ak Bankè ofri pwogram edikasyon finansye atravè Biwo li yo nan Otonòm Finansye ak Edikasyon. Nan Maryland, kanpay CASH Maryland ofri gratis antrenè finansye. Nenpòt kote nan rejyon an, ou ka jwenn yon konseye lojman apwouve HUD ki ka revize kredi ou pou ti kras oswa ki pa gen okenn pri. Bezwen yon kont bank oswa inyon kredi an premye? Gade ki jan yo louvri yon kont
Takeaways kle
- Having no credit history is not the same as having bad credit, but it can still cost you money.
- Start with one product that reports to all three credit bureaus. Use it for small amounts and pay on time every month.
- Some lenders accept an ITIN. Ask before you apply.
- A first FICO score usually takes about six months of reported history.
- Stay away from high fees, promises of a fast score, and anyone selling a new credit identity.
Tcheke konpreyansyon ou
Reponn kesyon yo, lè sa a, chwazi Tcheke repons mwen yo. Jwenn 4 nan 5 dwa pou konplete leson sa a. Sa a se pratik: pa gen okenn limit tan, epi nou pa kenbe repons ou yo.
Ale pi lwen
Sit entènèt ou fè konfyans kote ou ka aprann plis Lyen sa yo ale nan lòt sit entènèt ke Dollar Scholars pa kouri
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Ki sa ki se kèk fason pou yo kòmanse oubyen rekonstwi yon istwa kredi bon? (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Eksplike garanti kat, kredi mason prè ak magazen kat ak ki pwodwi pa ede bati kredi.
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Kredi (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Paj nan lang plenn sou kijan pou konstwi, tcheke epi amelyore kredi ou, ekri pou granmoun k ap aprann Anglè
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Crédito (yon lòt sit entènèt)
Paj Panyòl lang plenn sou kòman yo bati, amelyore, epi tcheke kredi ou.
Leson sa a se edikasyon finansye jeneral, pa legal, taks oswa konsèy finansye. Règ yo ak kantite lajan chanje, se konsa tcheke nimewo enpòtan yo ak yon sous ofisyèl