Ukuqwashisa nge-Scam nokuvikelwa kobunikazi · Isifundo 2 3

Imikhonyovu ebhekiswe kubokufika, abaqashi, kanye nabantu abafuna umsebenzi

Ukukhwabanisa kwe-Notario, izingcingo zikahulumeni mbumbulu, ukukhwabanisa komsebenzi nokuqasha, kanye nezikimu zemali, nokuthi ungaluthola kuphi usizo lwangempela, lwamahhala eDC, eMaryland naseVirginia. (About 16 min, 5 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Qaphela ukukhwabanisa kwe-notario futhi uthole abameli abanelayisense nabamele abagunyaziwe ngosizo lokufuduka.
Chaza ukuthi amafomu okufuduka amahhala nokuthi imali kahulumeni ikhokhwa kuphela kuhulumeni, ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni.
Bona ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi mbumbulu, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi ekucela ukuthi ukhokhe kuqala, amasheke wemishini mbumbulu, kanye nemikhonyovu yomsebenzi online.
Qaphela izikimu zemali kanye nemikhonyovu yohlu lokuqasha ngaphambi kokuthumela noma iyiphi imali.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: I-Module 11 ihlanganisa ukukhwabanisa ngokujwayelekile. Lesi sandiso se-Dollar Scholars sigxile ekukhohliseni okuhloswe nabantu abasha, abafuna umsebenzi, nabaqashi, futhi baqambe izindawo ezithembekile endaweni ye-DC lapho ungathola khona usizo.

Amagama okumele wazi

Notario público: Emazweni amaningi aseLatin America, uhlobo lommeli. E-United States, umphakathi we-notary uhlola kuphela i-ID yakho futhi ubuke usayina amaphepha, futhi akakwazi ukunikeza izeluleko zomthetho.
Ummeleli ogunyaziwe (Accredited representative): Umuntu ongeyena ummeli kodwa ovunyelwe nguMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US ukunikeza usizo lwezomthetho lokufuduka ngenkathi esebenzela inhlangano eyaziwayo engenzi nzuzo.
Umkhonyovu womsebenzi (Task scam): Umsebenzi mbumbulu we-inthanethi okhokhela kancane ukukala noma ukuthanda imikhiqizo, bese utshela ukuthi ufake imali yakho ukuze uvule imisebenzi eminingi noma imali oyitholayo.
Umnyuzi wemali (Money mule): Umuntu othola imali evela ebugebenguni bese eyidlulisela komunye umuntu, noma ngabe uyazi ukuthi ivelaphi.
Umkhonyovu wohlu lokuqasha (Rental listing scam): Isikhangiso mbumbulu sekhaya noma ifulethi umkhohlisi ongenalo noma elingelona eliqashisayo, elisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idiphozithi nezimali.

Ama-Notarios nabeluleki bokufika

Emazweni amaningi aseLatin America, i-notario público ngummeli oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. E-United States, i-notary public ihluke kakhulu. I-notary ihlola kuphela i-ID yakho futhi ikubheka usayine amaphepha. I-notary ayikwazi ukunikeza izeluleko zomthetho noma ikusize ukhethe amafomu okufuduka.

Amanye amabhizinisi asebenzisa igama elithi "notario," noma azibiza ngokuthi "abeluleki bokufika," ukuze babonakale njengabameli. Bakhokhisa imali ephezulu, bagcwalise amafomu angalungile, noma bangeze imininingwane engamanga. Amaphutha afana nalawa angalimaza icala lakho futhi akulahlekise imali, futhi kungaba nzima ukulungisa.

I-US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) ithi laba bantu kuphela abangakunikeza izeluleko zomthetho futhi bakumele ezindabeni zokufuduka:

Ummeli onelayisense. Ungahlola ilayisense lommeli ngebha noma uhlelo lwenkantolo yombuso lapho bethi banelayisense.
Ummeleli ogunyaziwe osebenzela inhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyaziwa nguMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US. UMnyango Wezobulungiswa ushicilela uhlu lwalezi zinhlangano nabamele ngombuso.

Izimpawu zokukhwabanisa kwe-notario

Bathembisa ukuthi uzothola ikhadi eliluhlaza, imvume yokusebenza noma ukukhoselwa.
Bathi banomngane okhethekile e-USCIS noma bangenza icala lakho lihambe ngokushesha.
Bakukhokhisa ngamafomu kahulumeni angenalutho.
Bacela ukuthi usayine ifomu elingenalutho, noma ifomu elinolwazi olungelona iqiniso.
Bagcina ipasipoti yakho, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, noma eminye imibhalo yasekuqaleni.
Ngeke bakunikeze isivumelwano esibhaliwe noma irisidi.

Lapho ungaluthola khona usizo lwangempela

UMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US ugcina uhlu lwabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezomthetho zamahhala kubantu abasenkantolo yokufuduka, kanye nohlu lwezinhlangano ezaziwayo nabamele abagunyaziwe. Endaweni ye-DC, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ezifana ne-Ayuda, enamahhovisi e-DC, eSilver Spring, naseFairfax, zinikeza izinsizakalo zomthetho zokufuduka kubantu abahola kancane.

Izingcingo mbumbulu ezivela ku-USCIS, amanxusa, kanye ne-IRS

Abakhohlisi benza sengathi bavela e-USCIS, inxusa, i-IRS, noma amaphoyisa. Bangase bazi igama lakho, ikheli lakho, noma ngisho nenombolo yakho yecala. Bathi kunenkinga ngecala lakho, isimo sakho, noma intela yakho. Bathi kufanele ukhokhe imali noma inhlawulo namuhla, noma uzoboshwa noma uxoshelwe.

Nawa amaqiniso avela ku-USCIS, i-IRS, kanye noMnyango Wombuso:

Amafomu okufuduka amahhala. Ungalanda wonke amafomu e-USCIS kusuka uscis.gov.
I-USCIS ayisoze yakucela ukuthi uthumele imali kumuntu. Ayimukeli iWestern Union, i-MoneyGram, i-PayPal, iVenmo, noma amakhadi wesipho ngezimali zokufuduka.
Ama-imeyili avela ku-USCIS avela kumakheli aphela ku-.gov.
I-IRS ivame ukuxhumana nawe kuqala ngeposi. Umlayezo oqondile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana awukaze uvela ku-IRS.
I-Diversity Visa lottery iqhutshwa nguMnyango Wezwe wase-US, hhayi i-USCIS. UMnyango Wezwe awuthumeli abantu i-imeyili ukuthi bakhethiwe. Abawinile bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ngekhompyutha, ngakho-ke ayikho iwebhusayithi noma umuntu ongaphakamisa amathuba akho. Okuwukuphela kwewebhusayithi esemthethweni yokungena yi-dvprogram.state.gov.

Ngo-2025 nango-2026, uMnyango Wombuso washintsha imithetho ethile ye-lottery futhi wabambezela ukuqala kwesikhathi esilandelayo sokungena. Njalo hlola iwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wombuso, i-travel.state.gov, ngezinsuku nemithetho yamanje. Ungathembi iwebhusayithi noma okuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana okunikezela ukukufaka kuwe ngemali.

Uma uthola ucingo olufana nalolu, ungasebenzisa la magama bese uchofoza:

"Angixoxi ngecala lami noma ngikhokhe ngocingo. Ngizoxhumana ne-USCIS ngokwami, nge-akhawunti yami ye-inthanethi noma inombolo yocingo ku-uscis.gov. "

Qaphela

Ayikho i-ejensi yangempela ekusongela ukukwenza ukhokhe namuhla

Izinsongo zokuboshwa noma ukuxoshwa, isidingo sokukhokha njengamanje, kanye nesicelo samakhadi ezipho, ucingo, i-crypto, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha zonke izimpawu zomkhonyovu. Ama-ejensi wangempela athumela izincwadi, akunikeze isikhathi, futhi athathe izinkokhelo kuphela ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni. Uma ukhathazekile ngecala lakho, khuluma nommeli onelayisense noma ummeleli ogunyaziwe ngaphambi kokukhokha noma ubani.

Imikhonyovu yomsebenzi

Uma udinga umsebenzi, ukunikezwa komsebenzi okusheshayo kuzwakala njengezindaba ezinhle. Abakhohlisi bayakwazi lokhu. Bheka la maqhinga ajwayelekile:

Khokha umsebenzi. Kufanele ukhokhele ukuqeqeshwa, isheke langemuva, iyunifomu, noma "ikhithi yokuqala" ngaphambi kokuthi uqale. I-FTC ithi abaqashi abathembekile abasoze bakucela ukuthi ukhokhele ukuthola umsebenzi.
Isheke lemishini. "Umqashi" ukuthumela isheke lokuthenga i-laptop noma izimpahla ezivela "kumthengisi" wabo. Ufaka isheke bese uthumela imali kumthengisi. Isheke liyinkohliso, futhi ukweleta ibhange.
Ukuthumela kabusha. Uthola amaphakheji ekhaya bese uwathumela kwelinye ikheli. Izimpahla zazivame ukuthengwa ngezinombolo zekhadi ezebiwe.
Imikhonyovu yomsebenzi. Umbhalo ongalindelekile noma umyalezo we-WhatsApp unikeza ukukhokha "isilinganiso" noma "ukukhulisa" imikhiqizo online. Ukhokhelwa kancane ekuqaleni, imvamisa u- $ 5 kuya ku- $ 20. Ngemuva kwalokho utshelwa ukuthi ufake imali yakho, imvamisa ku-crypto, ukuvula imisebenzi eminingi noma imali oyitholayo.

I-FTC yeluleka ukunganaki ukunikezwa komsebenzi okungalindelekile okuza ngombhalo, i-WhatsApp, noma i-Telegram. Ngaphambi kokwamukela noma yimuphi umsebenzi, sesha igama lenkampani ngamagama athi "scam" noma "isikhalazo," bese uthola inombolo yocingo yenkampani ngokwakho.

Isibonelo

Indlela umkhonyovu womsebenzi owengeza ngayo

USamuel uhlala eTakoma Park futhi ushayela uhlelo lokusebenza lokulethwa. Uthola umyalezo we-WhatsApp: "Thola u- $ 300 ngosuku kusuka emahhotela okulinganisa ekhaya." Nakhu okwenzekayo esikhathini esingaphezu kwesonto.

Indlu ekumhlaba osikelwe izindlu yonke sinombuki zindwendwe onguSamuweli
Usuku	Kwenzekani	Imali kaSamuel
Usuku 1	Ulinganisa amahhotela angama-40 futhi ukhokhelwa.	+ $ 15
Usuku 3	Kufanele afake i-crypto ukuze "avule" umsebenzi webhonasi.	- $ 100
Usuku 4	Uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa u- $ 2,400 "ngemali engenayo." Ukuze uwakhiphe, kufanele afake ngaphezulu.	- $ 600
Usuku 6	Kufanele akhokhe "intela" ngaphambi kokuthi athathe imali yakhe.	- $ 1,200
Ingqikithi	Ukulahleka kwangempela kukaSamuweli	- $ 1,885

$ 15 - $ 100 - $ 600 - $ 1,200 = - $ 1,885

I- $ 2,400 "engenayo" yayiyinombolo kuphela esikrinini esikhohlisayo. I- $ 15 ikhokhelwa ukunqoba ukwethenjwa kwakhe. Idiphozi ngayinye entsha yafika nesizathu esisha sokukhokha ngaphezulu. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuyeka ukulahlekelwa yimali ukuyeka ukukhokha nokubika.

Iminyuzi yemali: lapho imali eyebiwe idlula kuwe

I-mule yemali ngumuntu othola imali bese eyidlulisela komunye umuntu. Imali imvamisa ivela kwizisulu zokukhwabanisa. Izigebengu zithola iminyuzi ngezikhangiso zomsebenzi eziku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphola, imithombo yezokuxhumana, kanye nemiklomelo ekhohlisayo.

Isicelo sizwakala silula: "Iklayenti lami lizothumela u- $ 3,000 ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange. Gcina u- $ 300 ngomsebenzi wakho, bese uthumela okunye ngocingo, amakhadi ezipho, noma i-crypto. " Noma bakucela ukuthi uvulele i-akhawunti entsha yasebhange.

Ukuhambisa imali ngamabomu izigebengu kungaholela emacaleni obugebengu. I-FBI ixwayisa ukuthi ngisho nabantu abangaziyo bangangena enkingeni yezomthetho, babe nenkinga yokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange kamuva, futhi babe yizisulu zokwebiwa kobunikazi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kuwe, yeka ukukhuluma nalowo muntu. Ungathumeli imali. Tshela ibhange lakho ngokushesha, bese ubika ku-FTC nakwabomthetho, njenge-FBI ic3.gov.

Imikhonyovu yokuqasha

Ukuqasha endaweni ye-DC kuphezulu, ngakho-ke uhlu olushibhile luyajabulisa. Abakhohlisi bakopisha uhlu lwangempela futhi bashintshe intengo nemininingwane yokuxhumana. Isibonelo, ifulethi elinamakamelo amabili eColumbia Heights lifakwe ohlwini lwama- $ 1,300 ngenyanga, ngaphansi kakhulu kunamafulethi afanayo aseduze. "Umnikazi" uthi usebenza phesheya kwezilwandle futhi akakwazi ukukubonisa. Uthi uzothumela okhiye ngemuva kokuthumela idiphozi nerenti yenyanga yokuqala, u- $ 2,600 esewonke, ngocingo noma ngohlelo lokusebenza lokukhokha.

Ngaphambi kokukhokha imali yokuqasha

Vakashela indawo mathupha, noma uthumele umngane omethembayo. Uma ungakwazi ukuhamba, cela ukuvakasha kwevidiyo bukhoma.
Qhathanisa irenti nezindawo ezifanayo eziseduze. Intengo ephansi kakhulu iyisibonakaliso sokuxwayisa.
Bheka ukuthi ngubani ophethe impahla kumarekhodi empahla yomphakathi. I-DC, iMaryland, kanye nezifunda eziningi zaseVirginia namadolobha anosesho lwempahla lwamahhala ku-inthanethi.
Uma inkampani ilawula isakhiwo, shayela inombolo kuwebhusayithi yenkampani uqobo ukuze uhlole uhlu.
Sesha igama lomnikazi noma lenkampani ngamagama athi "ukukhwabanisa" noma "isikhalazo."
Thola isivumelwano sokuqasha esibhaliwe ngaphambi kokukhokha idiphozi, bese uthola irisidi ngayinye yokukhokha.
Ungalokothi ukhokhe ngocingo, ikhadi lesipho, noma nge-crypto. I-FTC ithi ukukhokha ngale ndlela kufana nokuthumela imali: uma imali isihambile, cishe awukwazi ukuyibuyisela.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuqasha kanye nediphozithi, bheka isifundo sethu ngamalungelo abaqashi.

Ithiphu

Kuphi ukubika umkhonyovu futhi uthole usizo lwamahhala

I-Federal Trade Commission: bika noma yikuphi ukukhwabanisa ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov, noma ngeSpanishi ku-ReporteFraude.ftc.gov.
DC: IHhovisi loMmeli Jikelele, i-Consumer and Tenant Response Hotline, 202-442-9828.
Maryland: I-Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division, 410-576-6300, noma ngeSpanishi, 410-230-1712.
Virginia: Isigaba Sokuvikelwa Kwabathengi Sommeli Jikelele, 800-552-9963 ngaphakathi eVirginia.
Ukukhwabanisa ngumsizi wokufuduka: Uhlelo lokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa nokuhlukunyezwa koMnyango Wezobulungiswa (i-EOIR) nge-imeyili ku-EOIR.Fraud.Program@usdoj.gov.
Usizo lwezomthetho lwamahhala ngezinye izinkinga zemali nezindlu: Usizo lwezomthetho DC, iMaryland Legal Aid, kanye nezinsizakalo zezomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Ummeli onelayisense kuphela noma ummeleli ogunyaziwe wenhlangano eyaziwa angakunikeza izeluleko zomthetho zokufuduka. I-notario ayikwazi.
Amafomu okufuduka amahhala ku-uscis.gov. I-USCIS ayikaze ikucele ukuthi uthumele imali kumuntu. Ayithathi amakhadi ezipho, iWestern Union, i-MoneyGram, i-PayPal, noma iVenmo.
Ungalokothi ukhokhe ukuze uthole umsebenzi, futhi ungalokothi ufake imali yakho ukuze uvule imali.
Uma othile ekucela ukuthi uthole imali bese uyithumela, yithi cha. Imali ivame ukwebiwa, futhi ungabhekana namacala obugebengu noma ube nenkinga yokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange kamuva.
Bona ukuqasha mathupha, noma ohambweni lwevidiyo bukhoma, ngaphambi kokukhokha. Ungalokothi ukhokhe idiphozi ngocingo, ikhadi lesipho, noma i-crypto.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Imikhonyovu ejwayelekile (Enye iwebhusayithi)
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) · Ulimi: English

Ukukhwabanisa kwe-Notario, amawebhusayithi mbumbulu we-USCIS kanye nezingcingo, imikhonyovu ye-lottery ye-visa, nokuthi i-USCIS ithatha kanjani izinkokhelo.
Estafas comunes (Enye iwebhusayithi)
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) · Ulimi: Español

Izixwayiso zolimi lweSpanishi mayelana nokukhwabanisa kwe-notario, izingcingo mbumbulu, nokunye ukukhwabanisa kokufuduka.
Imikhonyovu yomsebenzi (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Indlela yokubona ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi mbumbulu, izikimu zokukhokha umsebenzi, kanye nemikhonyovu yomsebenzi yokuhlola inkohliso.
Ukukhwabanisa Uhlu Lokuqasha (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zezikhangiso zokuqasha mbumbulu nokuthi ungahlola kanjani uhlu ngaphambi kokukhokha.

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.