Ukulungiselela nokululama ekuphazamisekeni kwezezimali · Isifundo 2 2

Uhlelo oluphuthumayo lwezezimali lomndeni wakho

Yakha ikhithi yedokhumenti ongayithatha ngemizuzu, hlola ukuthi umshuwalense wakho ufanelana nezingozi zakho, bese ukhetha ukuthi ngubani ongaphatha imali yakho futhi anakekele izingane zakho uma ungakwazi. (About 15 min, 6 quiz questions)

Kulesi sifundo

Yini ozoyifunda

Hlanganisa ikhithi yephepha nedijithali yemibhalo ebalulekile yezezimali nomazisi.
Hlola ukuthi umshuwalense wakho uhambisana nezingozi zakho, kufaka phakathi umshuwalense wokuqasha kanye nezikhukhula.
Khetha ukuthi ngubani ongaphatha imali yakho futhi anakekele izingane zakho uma ungakwazi.
Qaphela imikhonyovu elandela izinhlekelele nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ukuthi lokhu kuxhumene kanjani namakilasi ethu: Ikilasi lethu libonisa i-Emergency Financial First Aid Kit futhi lihlanganisa ukuthi umshuwalense namarekhodi amahle avikela kanjani lokho onakho. Lesi sifundo siguqula lokho kube uhlu lokuhlola lokugcwalisa, ukuhlolwa komshuwalense kwabaqashi, kanye nohlelo lokuthi ngubani ongakwenzela.

Amagama okumele wazi

Amandla ommeli (Power of attorney): Idokhumenti yezomthetho evumela umuntu omkhethayo, obize i-ejenti yakho, ukuthi aphathe imali noma ezinye izindaba kuwe. Idokhumenti ehlala isikhathi eside iyaqhubeka nokusebenza uma ungakwazi ukwenza izinqumo.
Umzuzi okhokhelwayo ekufeni (POD) (Payable-on-death (POD) beneficiary): Umuntu oqamba igama lakhe kwi-akhawunti yasebhange ukuze athole imali kuyo ngemuva kokufa kwakho.
Umgcini we-Standby (Standby guardian): Umuntu omdala umzali uqoka igama lokunakekela izingane zakhe uma kwenzeka okuthile kumzali, njengokugula okukhulu, ukufa, noma ukuboshwa yiziphathimandla zokufuduka.
Umshuwalense womqashi (Renter's insurance): Inqubomgomo ekhokhela ukubuyisela izimpahla zakho ngemuva kwezehlakalo ezifana nomlilo noma ukweba, futhi ikuvikela uma othile elimele ekhaya lakho.
I-Deductible (Deductible): Imali oyikhokhelayo ngesimangalo somshuwalense ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yomshuwalense ikhokhe okusele.
Umshuwalense wezikhukhula (Flood insurance): Inqubomgomo ehlukile ekhokhela umonakalo wezikhukhula. Izinqubomgomo eziningi zabaqashi nabaninikhaya azihlanganisi izikhukhula.

Kungani wonke umndeni udinga uhlelo lokusebenza

Ngomlilo, izikhukhula, noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokungazelelwe, ungase ube nemizuzu embalwa nje yokuphuma ekhaya. Kamuva, kuzodingeka ufakazele ukuthi ungubani, yini onayo, nokuthi yini oyikweletayo. Imindeni engathola amaphepha abo nenqubomgomo yomshuwalense ilulama ngokushesha.

UFatima uqasha ifulethi elingaphansi eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeDC nezingane zakhe ezimbili. Ngemuva kwesiphepho sasehlobo, amanzi angena ngaphansi komnyango ebusuku. Ipasipoti yakhe, izitifiketi zokuzalwa zezingane zakhe, kanye nokuqasha kwakhe kwakusebhokisini phansi. Wayengenawo amakhophi. Lesi sifundo sikusiza ukuthi uzilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba into efana naleyo yenzeke kuwe.

Yakha ikhithi yakho yedokhumenti

Ikhithi yakho ifolda noma isikhwama ongasithatha nawe ngemizuzu embalwa. Gcina amakhophi amaphepha amaningi kuwo. Gcina amaphepha okuqala okunzima ukuwashintsha endaweni ephephile ongafinyelela kuyo, njengebhokisi elikhiyiwe lokuvikela umlilo.

Ubunikazi nokufuduka

I-ID yesithombe yomuntu omdala ngamunye, njengelayisense yokushayela noma ipasipoti
Amakhadi okuphepha komphakathi, noma izincwadi ze-ITIN ezivela ku-IRS
Izitifiketi zokuzalwa nomshado
Amaphepha okufuduka, njengekhadi eliluhlaza, imvume yokusebenza (EAD), i-visa, irekhodi le-I-94, kanye nezaziso zokuvunywa kwe-USCIS

Imali nekhaya

Uhlu lwayo yonke ibhange, ikhadi lesikweletu, ne-akhawunti yemalimboleko, enegama lenkampani, inombolo ye-akhawunti, nenombolo yocingo yenkampani. Ungalokothi ubhale ama-PIN noma amaphasiwedi kuwo.
Izimbuyiselo zakho zentela zakamuva, namafomu akho we-W-2 no-1099
Isivumelwano sakho sokuqasha noma isivumelwane, kanye nenqubomgomo yomshuwalense yomqashi wakho noma yomnikazi wendlu
Isihloko semoto, ukubhaliswa kanye nekhadi lomshuwalense wemoto
Izithombe noma ividiyo yalokho onayo, igumbi ngegumbi

Impilo nomndeni

Amakhadi omshuwalense wezempilo kanye nohlu lwemithi nodokotela
Izinombolo zocingo zomndeni, umqashi wakho, umnikazi wakho, kanye nesikole sezingane zakho
Amakhophi anoma yimaphi amandla ommeli noma amaphepha okugada
Ezinye izikweletu ezincane kanye nokhiye wendlu

Gcina amakhophi ngokuphepha, ephepheni naku-inthanethi

Ekhaya: sebenzisa isikhwama noma ibhokisi elingenamanzi. Yigcine endaweni eyodwa eduze komnyango, lapho wonke umuntu omdala azi ukuthi angayithola.
Ebhange: ibhokisi lediphozithi eliphephile livikela amaphepha ongawadingi kakhulu. Ungafinyelela kuphela lapho ibhange livulekile, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo akumbozwe ngumshuwalense we-FDIC.
Ku-inthanethi: skena noma uthwebula idokhumenti ngayinye. Londoloza amafayela ku-akhawunti yamafu evikelwe iphasiwedi eqinile nokuqinisekiswa kwe-multifactor, njengekhodi ethunyelwe efonini yakho. I-USB flash drive efihliwe edinga iphasiwedi nayo iyasebenza.
Nomuntu omethembayo: nikeza ikhophi evaliwe yohlu lwe-akhawunti yakho kanye nokuxhumana okuphuthumayo esihlotsheni noma kumngane, uma kungenzeka umuntu ohlala kwenye indawo.

Ungathumeli izithombe zamadokhumenti akho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi ungazithumeli kunoma ngubani oxhumana nawe kuqala. Hlola ikhithi yakho kanye ngonyaka, nangemva kwezinguquko ezinkulu ezifana nomsebenzi omusha, ukuthutha, noma ingane entsha.

Isibonelo

Ukuhlolwa komshuwalense: Kubiza kanjani umshuwalense womqashi nokuthi yini ethatha isikhundla

Abaqashi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umshuwalense wendawo uhlanganisa izinto zabo. Akunjalo. Inqubomgomo yomqashi ihlanganisa isakhiwo. Inqubomgomo yomqashi wakho kuphela ihlanganisa izimpahla zakho. Imvamisa futhi ikhokhela ihhotela uma ikhaya lakho lingaphephile ukuhlala kulo, futhi ikuvikela uma isivakashi silimele ekhaya lakho. I-Maryland Insurance Administration ithi inqubomgomo ejwayelekile yomqashi ibiza cishe u- $ 15 kuya ku- $ 30 ngenyanga.

UDaniel noGrace baqasha e-Alexandria, eVirginia. Umlilo wasekhishini ekhishini elingenhla ulimaze ifulethi labo.

UDaniel noGrace ngemuva komlilo wasekhishini esitezi esiphezulu
Lokho abakulahlekile	Izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni
Ifenisha nemibhede	$ 3,000
Izingubo nezicathulo	$ 1,500
I-laptop, izingcingo ne-TV	$ 1,800
Izinto zasekhishini	$ 500
Ihhotela ubusuku obungu-5 ngenkathi iyunithi ilungiswa	$ 900
Ukulahleka okuphelele	$ 7,700

Ngomshuwalense: $ 7,700 ukulahleka - $ 500 deductible = $ 7,200 ekhokhwa yinkampani yomshuwalense

Izindleko zenqubomgomo: $ 20 ngenyanga × izinyanga eziyi-12 = $ 240 ngonyaka

Ngaphandle kwenqubomgomo, bazokhokha i- $ 7,700 ephelele ngokwabo. Lapho uthenga inqubomgomo, buza ukuthi ikhokha "izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni" (intengo yezinto ezintsha) noma "inani langempela lemali" (inani lezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, elincane). Abanye abanikazi bezindlu bakhokhisa imali "yokukhipha umonakalo". Akuyona umshuwalense womqashi, futhi imvamisa ayimbozi izimpahla zakho.

Ezinye izinqubomgomo okufanele uzihlole

Umshuwalense wezikhukhula: Ihlanganisa umonakalo wezikhukhula, okuyinto izinqubomgomo zomqashi zivame ukungakwenzi. Abaqashi bangathenga inqubomgomo yezimpahla kuHlelo Lukazwelonke Lomshuwalense Wezikhukhula.
Umshuwalense wemoto: Ukuvikelwa kwesikweletu kukhokhela ukulimala okubangela abanye. Ukulungisa imoto yakho ngemuva kwengozi, izikhukhula noma ukweba, udinga ukushayisana nokuvikelwa okuphelele.
Umshuwalense wezempilo: Uma ulahlekelwa ukuvikelwa emsebenzini wakho, unezinsuku ezingama-60 zokubhalisela uhlelo olusha.
Umshuwalense wokuphila: Khokhela umndeni wakho uma ushonile. Ukumbozwa ngomsebenzi kungaphela lapho umsebenzi usuphelile.

Khetha ukuthi ngubani ongakusebenzela

Uma ugula ngokuzumayo, ulimele, uboshiwe, noma ukude, othile angadinga ukukhokha irenti yakho futhi anakekele izingane zakho. Hlela lokhu manje, ngenkathi ungakhetha.

Umzuzi okhokhelwayo-ekufeni (POD): Qamba elilodwa ku-akhawunti ngayinye yasebhange. Ibhange likhokhela lowo muntu ngemuva kokushona kwakho. Umzuzi we-POD akakwazi ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti ngenkathi usaphila.
Amandla ommeli: amandla ommeli wezezimali ahlala isikhathi eside avumela i-ejenti yakho ukuthi ikhokhe izikweletu futhi ibhekane nebhange lakho, noma ngabe awukwazi ukwenza izinqumo. I-ejenti yakho kufanele isebenzise imali yakho kuphela kuwe.
I-akhawunti ehlangene: ukwengeza umuntu njengomnikazi ohlanganyelwe kuyashesha, kepha lowo muntu unelungelo lokuthatha yonke imali. Le mali nayo ingase ibe sengozini yezikweletu zalowo muntu. Uma udinga kuphela usizo lokukhokha izikweletu, amandla ommeli ngokuvamile aphephile.
Umgcini we-standby: I-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia ngamunye uvumela umzali ukuthi aqambe igama lomuntu omdala ukuthi anakekele izingane zakhe uma umzali efa, egula kakhulu ukuthi angazinakekela, noma eboshwe noma axoshwe ngenxa yezizathu zokufuduka. Okubalulekile, namafomu, ahlukile endaweni ngayinye, futhi ezinye izinyathelo zidinga imvume yenkantolo.

Futhi bhala uhlelo olufushane lokunakekela: ngubani othatha izingane esikoleni, ngubani ophethe ukhiye, nokuthi ikhithi yakho ikuphi. Tshela labo bantu ngalolu hlelo. Ukuze uthole usizo lwamahhala ngala maphepha, xhumana neLegal Aid DC, i-DC Bar Pro Bono Center, iMaryland Legal Aid, noma Izinsizakalo Zomthetho zaseNyakatho Virginia. Imihlahlandlela yamahhala ye-CFPB yokuphatha imali yomunye umuntu ichaza imisebenzi ye-ejenti.

Izingozi zendawo: izikhukhula, ukushisa nokunqamuka kukagesi

Izimo eziphuthumayo endaweni ye-DC zifaka izikhukhula ezisheshayo, ukushisa okukhulu, iziphepho zasebusika nokunqamuka kukagesi. Ngamunye angavala amabhange futhi ayeke abafundi bamakhadi nama-ATM.

Gcina imali ekhaya ezikweletini ezincane, endaweni ephephile.
Setha inkokhelo ye-bill online noma izinkokhelo ezizenzakalelayo zerenti nezinsiza, ngakho-ke zikhokhelwa noma ngabe awukwazi ukuthola iposi lakho.
Bhalisela izixwayiso eziphuthumayo zamahhala. Ku-DC, sebenzisa i-AlertDC. Izifunda zaseMaryland naseVirginia zinezinhlelo zazo zokuxwayisa.
Gcina ifoni yakho ikhokhisiwe, futhi ubhale izinombolo zocingo ezibalulekile ephepheni.
Uma uhlala esitezi esiphansi emhlabathini ophansi noma eduze komfula, buza ngomshuwalense wezikhukhula.
Uma uhlala egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, gcina amaphepha nezinto eziyigugu phezulu, phansi phansi.

Izikhukhula zidinga inqubomgomo yazo. Iningi lezinqubomgomo zabaqashi nabaninikhaya azimbozi umonakalo wezikhukhula. Uhlelo Lomshuwalense Wezikhukhula Kazwelonke (NFIP) luthengisa izinqubomgomo zokuqasha ezimboza izimpahla kuze kufike ku- $ 100,000. Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlanganisa izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu ezigcinwe egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke buza ukuthi yini ehlanganisiwe. Ukumbozwa kuvame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuthenga, ngakho-ke ungalindi isexwayiso sesiphepho. Izikhukhula eziningi azilokothi ziholele esimemezelweni senhlekelele yombuso, ngakho-ke ungathembeli ku-FEMA ukuthi ithathe indawo yalokho okulahlekile.

Qaphela

Imikhonyovu elandela izinhlekelele

Ngemuva kwenhlekelele, abakhohlisi bafika ngokushesha. Qaphela lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa.

Abasebenzi be-FEMA mbumbulu. I-FEMA ayilokothi ikhokhise imali yokufaka isicelo sosizo. Zifake isicelo ku-DisasterAssistance.gov noma ngokushayela i-FEMA Helpline ku-1-800-621-3362.
Izinhlangano zosizo ezikhohlisayo. Nikeza amaqembu owaziyo kakade. Ungalokothi unikeze ngekhadi lesipho, ukudluliswa kwentambo, noma i-cryptocurrency.
Osonkontileka abangenamalayisense. Qaphela noma ngubani ongqongqoza emnyango wakho enikeza ukulungiswa, ofuna imali ngaphambi kokuqala, noma akucela ukuthi usayine isheke lakho lomshuwalense. Thola inkontileka ebhaliwe, bese uhlola ilayisense kuqala: e-DC noMnyango Wezamalayisense Nokuvikelwa Kwabathengi, eMaryland neKhomishini Yokuthuthukiswa Kwasekhaya yaseMaryland, naseVirginia noMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe Nemithetho Yomsebenzi.

E-Maryland, usonkontileka wokuthuthukisa ikhaya akakwazi ukuthatha ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zentengo njengediphozithi.

$ 6,000 umsebenzi ÷ 3 = $ 2,000 idiphozi enkulu kunazo zonke evunyelwe eMaryland

Khokha ngesheke noma ngekhadi lesikweletu, hhayi imali. Yenza inkokhelo yokugcina kuphela uma umsebenzi usuphelile. Uma usayine inkontileka ekhaya, imvamisa unezinsuku ezintathu zebhizinisi zokukhansela. Bika imikhonyovu ku-ReportFraud.ftc.gov, futhi ufunde izifundo zethu ngokubona imikhonyovu nokwebiwa kobunikazi.

Ithiphu

Qala ngehora elilodwa kuleli sonto

Awudingi ukuqeda ngosuku olulodwa. Kuleli sonto, thatha ividiyo yegumbi ngalinye ngefoni yakho bese ubhala uhlu lwe-akhawunti yakho. Ngenyanga ezayo, yenza amakhophi omazisi akho. Uma ungenayo imali okwamanje, qala ngesifundo sethu sesikhwama esiphuthumayo. Uma imali engenayo iyeka, landela uhlelo lwethu lwezinsuku ezingama-30.

Uma inhlekelele yombuso imenyezelwa lapho uhlala khona, i-IRS ivame ukukunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokugcwalisa nokukhokha intela. Ungathola futhi isifinyezo samahhala sembuyiselo yentela eyedlule, ebizwa ngokuthi okubhaliwe, kusuka ku-IRS.

Izinto ezibalulekile

Gcina amakhophi emibhalo esemqoka esikhwameni esingangeni umlilo, esingangeni manzi nakwi-akhawunti evikelwe ku-inthanethi.
Umshuwalense wendawo yakho awumbozi izimpahla zakho. Umshuwalense womqashi uyakwenza, kepha izinqubomgomo eziningi azimbozi izikhukhula.
Amandla ommeli ahlala isikhathi eside avumela umuntu omethembayo ukuthi akhokhe izikweletu zakho ngaphandle kokuba nemali yakho.
I-DC, iMaryland, neVirginia zivumela abazali ukuthi baqambe umnakekeli wokulinda wezingane zabo. Usizo lwezomthetho lungasiza.
I-FEMA ayikaze ikhokhise imali yokufaka isicelo sosizo. Hlola ilayisense yosonkontileka ngaphambi kokukhokha noma yini.

Qhubekela phambili

Amawebhusayithi athembekile lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziya kwamanye amawebhusayithi angasebenzi yi-Dollar Scholars.

Ukulungiselela Kwezezimali (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Ready.gov (FEMA) · Ulimi: English

Yimaphi amaphepha okufanele uwaqoqe, kungani ugcine imali, kanye ne-Emergency Financial First Aid Kit (EFFAK) yamahhala yokulanda.
Preparación financiera (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Ready.gov (FEMA) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela ofanayo ngeSpanishi: yimiphi imibhalo okufanele uyiqoqe, imali yokugcina, nomshuwalense.
Indlela Yokugwema Ukukhwabanisa Ngemuva Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo Zesimo Sezulu Nezinhlekelele Zemvelo (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: English

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokukhwabanisa kokulungisa, indlela yokuhlola usonkontileka, nezindlela eziphephile zokukhokhela ukulungiswa.
Cómo evitar las estafas de recuperación después de un desastre (Enye iwebhusayithi)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) · Ulimi: Español

Umhlahlandlela we-FTC ngeSpanishi: izimpawu zokulungisa imikhonyovu ngemuva kwenhlekelele nokuthi ungakhokhela kanjani ukulungiswa ngokuphepha.

Usufikile ekugcineni kwendlela yokufunda. Bheka uhlelo lwekilasi

Lesi sifundo yimfundo ejwayelekile yezezimali, hhayi iseluleko sezomthetho, sentela noma sezezimali. Imithetho nemali iyashintsha, ngakho-ke hlola izinombolo ezibalulekile ngomthombo osemthethweni.