工资单与个人所得税 ·31课
Read Your Pay Stub and Fill Out Your W-4
Learn what each line on your pay stub means, fill out Form W-4 step by step, and avoid a surprise tax bill or a refund that is bigger than it needs to be.
完成于此设备
本课程部分内容尚未翻译成你的语言,因此以英语形式呈现。
在本课中
你将学到什么
- Identify each deduction on a pay stub, including income tax, Social Security, and Medicare.
- Explain how Form W-4 controls how much federal income tax is withheld from your pay.
- Decide when to update your withholding after a life change, such as a second job or a new child.
- Tell the difference between an employee (W-2) and an independent contractor (1099).
这与我们的课程有何关联: Our class introduces pay statements and Form W-4. This lesson adds a sample pay stub with real numbers, a walk-through of each W-4 step, and the rules for people who live in one part of the DC area and work in another.
需要知道的话
- 毛收入 (Gross pay)
- 扣除任何费用之前的总工资。
- 净薪酬 (Net pay)
- 扣除税后你实际拿到的钱。也叫实收工资。
- 扣留 (Withholding)
- 雇主从你的工资中提取并汇给政府缴纳税款的钱。
- W-4表格 (Form W-4)
- 你给雇主的联邦表格,说明从工资中扣除多少联邦所得税。
- FICA税 (FICA taxes)
- 社会保障税和医疗保险税。FICA代表联邦保险缴费法案。
- 独立承包商 (Independent contractor)
- 自雇者。不需预扣税款,员工会收到1099表格而非W-2表格。
你的工资单,逐行
工资单(也称为工资单)会随每次发薪或直接存款附带,无论是纸质还是在线。每个发薪日都要查看。它显示了你的工资是如何计算的,通常是最容易发现错误的地方。
- 毛收入
- 你的工时乘以工资,再加上加班费。这是扣除任何费用前的工资。
- 税前扣除
- 扣除某些税款前的钱,比如健康保险或退休储蓄。这些税收降低了被征税的工资。
- 税收
- 联邦所得税、州或华盛顿特区所得税、社会保障和医疗保险。
- 税后扣除
- 税后提取的钱,比如工会会费或法院命令的工资扣押。
- 净薪酬
- 剩下的给你。这是你的实得工资。
- 年初至今(年初至今)
- 总计自1月1日以来。你今年的W-2表格是基于这些总数。
还要核对你的姓名、发薪期的日期、工时和薪资水平。如果有问题,请立即书面告知雇主并保存一份副本。
示例
安娜的工资单,还有真实数字
安娜住在马里兰州海茨维尔,在华盛顿西北部担任医疗助理。她每小时收入20美元,每两周领取80小时工资。她的健康保险在税前支付。所得税金额仅为样本。
| 存根上的线条 | 本期工资 |
|---|---|
| 毛工资(80小时×20美元) | 1600美元 |
| 健康保险(税前) | −60美元 |
| 社会保障税(6.2%) | −95.48美元 |
| 医疗保险税(1.45%) | −$22.33 |
| 联邦所得税 | −101美元 |
| 马里兰州和县所得税 | −98美元 |
| 净工资(实际收入) | 1,223.19美元 |
1600美元毛收入 − 60美元健康保险 = 1540美元社会保障和医疗保险税
1,540美元×6.2% = 95.48美元社会保障
1,540美元×1.45% = 22.33美元用于医疗保险
注意,尽管安娜在华盛顿特区工作,华盛顿特区税也没有被征收。华盛顿特区不对居住在华盛顿特区外的人征税。安娜则向马里兰州缴纳税款,而在马里兰州,这包括县所得税。
社会保障与医疗保险:塑造你未来的税收
社会保障税占你工资的6.2%。医疗保险税是1.45%。你的雇主在你的工资之外还要缴纳同样的税额。这些税统称为FICA税。大多数员工无法选择免除这些税。
这些税用于支付退休、残疾和遗属福利,以及通常从65岁开始的医疗保险(Medicare)健康保险。当你工作并缴纳这些税款时,你可以获得社会保障抵免。在2026年,你每赚取1,890美元即可获得一个抵免,每年最多可获得四个抵免。大多数人需要获得40个抵免才能领取退休福利。(社会保障税将在你全年工资达到2026年上限184,500美元时停止。医疗保险税没有上限。)
请确保你的工资记录上的名字与你的社会保障卡一致,否则你的收入可能不会计入你的名额。您可以使用免费的 “我的社会保障”账户查询收入记录。
Fill out Form W-4, step by step
Form W-4 tells your employer how much federal income tax to take out of your pay. You fill it out when you start a job, and you can give your employer a new one at any time. Everyone completes Steps 1 and 5. Do Steps 2 to 4 only if they apply to you.
- Step 1, personal information: your name, address, Social Security number, and filing status (single or married filing separately, married filing jointly, or head of household). Most single people choose single. A married couple usually files one return together (married filing jointly). An unmarried person who pays most of the costs of a home for a child or other relative they support may be able to file as head of household, which lowers the tax.
- Step 2, more than one job: use this step if you have two or more jobs at the same time, or if you are married filing jointly and your spouse also works. The most accurate way is the free IRS Tax Withholding Estimator. If there are only two jobs in total and the pay is similar, you can check the box in Step 2(c) on the W-4 for both jobs.
- Step 3, children and other dependents: on the 2026 form, if your income will be $200,000 or less ($400,000 or less if married filing jointly), multiply the number of qualifying children under 17 by $2,200 and other dependents by $500. This lowers your withholding, because these credits lower your tax.
- Step 4, other adjustments: enter other income that has no tax taken out (4a), deductions other than the standard deduction (4b), or extra tax you want taken out of each paycheck (4c).
- Step 5, sign and date: the form is not valid without your signature.
If you have more than one job, fill out Steps 3, 4(a), and 4(b) on the W-4 for only one job, usually the one that pays the most. Leave them blank on the others.
The 2026 Step 4(b) worksheet includes new federal deductions for qualified tips and overtime pay. If you expect to claim them, adding them can raise your take-home pay. Learn who qualifies in File for Free and Claim the Credits You Earned.
Your state or DC has its own withholding form: Form D-4 in DC, Form MW507 in Maryland, and Form VA-4 in Virginia.
示例
Two jobs and a surprise tax bill
Lucía is single and lives in Alexandria, Virginia. She has two part-time jobs. Each pays $20,000 a year. She filled out a simple W-4 at each job and skipped Step 2.
Each employer thinks its job is her only job. So each one subtracts the full 2026 standard deduction ($16,100) before it figures her tax. The standard deduction is an amount of income that is not taxed. Income above it is taxed in steps called tax brackets: the first $12,400 at 10%, the next part at 12%, and so on. Only the dollars inside a step pay that step's rate. These simplified numbers show federal income tax only. Real withholding tables differ a little, but the idea is the same.
| Line | Amount |
|---|---|
| Job 1 withholds: ($20,000 − $16,100) × 10% | $390 |
| Job 2 withholds the same | $390 |
| Total withheld during the year | $780 |
| Tax she really owes on $23,900 of taxable income ($40,000 − $16,100): 10% of the first $12,400, plus 12% of the rest | $2,620 |
| Amount she may owe when she files | $1,840 |
The fix: Lucía uses the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator, or checks the Step 2(c) box on the W-4 for both jobs. With the box checked, each employer uses half of the standard deduction and half of each tax bracket. A little more comes out of each paycheck, and there is no big bill at tax time.
With Step 2(c) checked: about $1,310 withheld per job × 2 jobs = about $2,620 for the year
住在一个地方,在另一个地方工作
华盛顿特区地区的许多人住在一个州,或者在华盛顿特区工作。在华盛顿特区、马里兰和弗吉尼亚之间,你的工资通常只在你居住的地方征税。华盛顿特区不对居住在华盛顿特区以外的人的工资征税。马里兰和弗吉尼亚通常不对居住在华盛顿特区或彼此所在州的人们的工资征税。
- 住在马里兰州或弗吉尼亚州,在华盛顿特区工作: 华盛顿特区所得税不应从你的工资中扣除。给你的雇主提供华盛顿特区表格D-4A(非居住证明)。你所在州的税款应该被扣除。
- 住在华盛顿特区,在马里兰或弗吉尼亚工作: 向雇主提交MW507表格(马里兰州)或VA-4表格申请免税。你需要缴纳华盛顿特区所得税。
- 住在马里兰州,在弗吉尼亚工作,或者反过来: 通常只有你的本州对你的工资征税,前提是你在工作州没有房屋,且每年在那里工作不超过183天。把你所在州的表格(VA-4或MW507)交给你的雇主。
- 住在马里兰州: 您的马里兰州预扣税也包括县所得税。
这些规则是针对工资的。检查你在新工作时的第一份工资单。如果你所在州的税款没有出账,可以向你的工资办公室咨询。如果你的雇主没有预扣这笔税款,你可能需要在年度内自己缴纳这笔税款,这样申报时你就不会欠大额税款和罚款。
小心
用1099表支付工资但被当作雇员对待?
员工会收到W-2表格。雇主预扣税款并支付一半的社会保障和医疗保险税。独立承包商会收到1099-NEC表格。不扣款,工人将这两半作为自雇税缴纳。
一些企业称工人为承包商以避免缴纳税款和福利。这被称为错误分类。如果有以下情况,你可能成为雇员:
- 公司会安排你的工作时间,并告诉你该怎么做。
- 公司会给你工具、用品或制服。
- 你按小时计酬,不能自己定价。
- 你只为这家公司工作,没有结束日期。
- 你还能享受带薪假期等福利。
如果这听起来像你的工作,你可以通过SS-8表格向国税局申请决定。答案可能需要六个月甚至更久。如果你被错误归类,8919表格可能只允许你支付员工份额的社会保障税和医疗保险税。如需免费帮助,请联系低收入纳税人诊所或法律援助机构,如华盛顿特区法律援助、马里兰法律援助或北弗吉尼亚法律服务。
提示
每年检查你的预扣税
每年早些时候使用 IRS税款预扣估算器 ,并在任何重大变化后使用,比如新工作、第二份工作、结婚、离婚、新生儿或大幅加薪。免费,无需登录,只需大约25分钟。准备好你最新的工资单和去年的报税表。
目标是拿到一笔小额退款或一笔小账单。非常大的退税意味着你全年被扣留了太多自己的工资,却没有支付任何利息。大额账单意味着扣除的金额太少。
只有当你去年没有欠联邦所得税且预计今年没有欠税时,才可申请免扣税。免税W-4有效期为一年。2026年,你必须在2027年2月16日前向雇主提交新的。
主要要点
- Gross pay is what you earn. Net pay is what you take home after taxes and other deductions.
- Social Security (6.2%) and Medicare (1.45%) come out of almost every paycheck and count toward your future benefits.
- Give your employer a new W-4 when your life changes, such as a second job, marriage, or a new child.
- Between DC, Maryland, and Virginia, your wages are usually taxed only where you live, not where you work.
- If a company controls how, when, and where you work, you may be an employee, even if it gives you a 1099.
检查你的理解
回答问题后,选择“检查我的答案”。完成本课45权利。这是练习:没有时间限制,我们不会保留你的答案。
继续说
值得信赖的网站,您可以在这里了解更多信息。这些链接指向Dollar Scholars未运营的其他网站。
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税款预扣估算器 (另一个网站)
一个免费工具,无需登录,帮助你填写W-4表格,确保从工资中扣除相应的税款。
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Estimador para retención de impuestos (另一个网站)
美国国税局(IRS)税款预扣估算表(西班牙语)页面。
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是独立承包商(自雇)还是雇员? (另一个网站)
国税局如何判断工人是雇员还是承包商,以及如果你认为自己被错误归类该怎么办。
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互惠性 (另一个网站)
当你住在弗吉尼亚州并在华盛顿特区或马里兰工作时,哪个州会对你的工资征税,或者反过来?
本课程是通用理财教育,而非法律、税务或理财建议。规则和金额会变化,因此请通过官方来源核实重要数字。