Awọn ipilẹ Owo: Gbero, Tọpinpin, ati Fipamọ · Ẹkọ 1 ti 2
Build a Spending Plan That Fits Your Real Life
A step-by-step monthly plan for a sample DC-area household, including tips, cash work, uneven paychecks, and money sent to family.
Ti pari lori ẹrọ yii
Awọn apakan ti ẹkọ yii ko ti tumọ si ede rẹ sibẹsibẹ, nitorinaa wọn han ni ede Gẹẹsi.
Ninu ẹkọ yii
Ohun tí wàá kọ́
- Build a monthly spending and saving plan from your own income and bills, step by step.
- Plan around income that changes, such as tips, gig apps, cash work, or seasonal jobs.
- Include money you send or give to family as a planned expense instead of a surprise.
- Adjust the plan in a month with extra money and in a month with less.
Bawo ni eyi ṣe sopọ si awọn kilasi wa: Our class covers tracking your income and expenses and making a first spending plan. This lesson shows a full plan for a DC-area worker whose pay changes, and a simple way to plan for months with extra money and months with less.
Awọn ọrọ lati mọ
- Eto inawo (Spending plan)
- Eto fun bi iwọ yoo ṣe lo owo ti o nireti lati gba ni gbogbo oṣu, pẹlu awọn owo, awọn ifowopamọ, ati inawo. Eyi ni a tun pe ni isuna.
- Gba owo sisan (Take-home pay)
- Owo ti o gba gangan lẹhin owo-ori ati awọn iyọkuro miiran wa lati inu isanwo rẹ.
- Owo oya ti ko ni ibamu (Irregular income)
- Owo oya ti o yipada lati ọsẹ si ọsẹ tabi oṣu si osù, gẹgẹbi awọn italolobo, awọn owo-wiwọle ohun elo gig, iṣẹ owo, tabi awọn iṣẹ akoko.
- Oṣupa ipilẹ (Baseline month)
- Oṣu ti o kere julọ ti owo oya. O kọ eto inawo rẹ lori iye yii ki awọn idiyele rẹ bo ni ọpọlọpọ awọn oṣu.
- Ọranyan (Obligation)
- Isanwo ti o ti ṣe ileri fun ẹnikan, gẹgẹbi isanwo awin kan, atilẹyin ọmọde, owo ti o ṣe ileri fun ẹbi rẹ, tabi owo-ori ti iwọ yoo jẹ.
- Akọọlẹ Bills (Bills account)
- Akọọlẹ ti o yatọ, tabi apoowe ti o ba lo owo, ti o ni owo nikan fun awọn owo oṣooṣu ti o wa titi wọn o fi yẹ.
- Owo ti o pọju (Overdraft fee)
- Owo kan ti banki tabi ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi le gba agbara nigbati o ba sanwo fun nkan pẹlu owo diẹ sii ju ti o ni ninu akọọlẹ rẹ.
- APR (oṣuwọn ogorun lododun) (APR (annual percentage rate))
- Iye owo lododun ti awin owo, pẹlu iwulo ati ọpọlọpọ awọn idiyele, han bi ogorun kan.
Start with your baseline month
A spending plan shows how you will use the money you expect to get each month. The first step is to list your income and your expenses. The hard part comes when your income changes. Tips, gig apps, cash jobs, and seasonal work can make every month different.
The answer is to plan on a baseline month. This is your lowest typical month of income. It is not your best month, and it is not your average. If you plan on your average, some months will not have enough money for your bills. If you plan on your lowest typical month, your bills are covered in most months, and you decide ahead of time what to do with any extra.
- Find your income for the last 6 to 12 months. Use pay stubs, bank statements, earnings reports from your apps, or a notebook where you write down cash.
- Count only take-home pay: the money you get after taxes and other deductions.
- Find your lowest month. That is your baseline. If that month was very unusual (for example, you were sick for three weeks), use your second-lowest month.
- No records yet? Write down every dollar you get for the next four weeks, including cash. Start with that amount, and update it as you learn more.
Apẹẹrẹ
Ilana Carlos fun oṣupa ipilẹ kan
Carlos ngbe ni Langley Park, Maryland, o si pin iyẹwu iyẹwu meji pẹlu ibatan rẹ. O jẹ onjẹ laini ni ile ounjẹ kan ni Columbia Heights, ni DC, ati pe o sanwo ni gbogbo ọsẹ meji. O tun gba awọn imọran, ati ni diẹ ninu awọn ipari ose o kun awọn iyẹwu fun owo. Ni gbogbo oṣu o fi owo ranṣẹ si iya rẹ ni El Salvador.
| Owo oya | Iye |
|---|---|
| 2 Owo sisan lati ile ounjẹ (ti o gba ni ile) | $ 1,800 |
| Awọn italolobo (osù ti o kere julọ) | $ 300 |
| Owo kikun iṣẹ (asuwon aṣoju osù) | $ 300 |
| Owo oya ipilẹ | $ 2,400 |
| Iru | Ohun ti o jẹ fun | Iye |
|---|---|---|
| Òàì | Rent (idaji rẹ) | $ 1,050 |
| Òàì | Intanẹẹti ati Intanẹẹti (Idaji rẹ) | $ 85 |
| Òàì | Awọn ohun elo ile ati awọn ohun elo ile | $ 380 |
| Òàì | Metro ati ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ | $ 110 |
| Òàì | Tẹlifoonu | $ 45 |
| Òàì | Awọn aṣọ, awọn irun ori ati awọn oogun | $ 70 |
| Ọranyan | Owo fun iya rẹ, pẹlu owo gbigbe | $ 210 |
| Ọranyan | Isanwo kaadi kirẹditi | $ 50 |
| Ọranyan | Ṣe akosile owo-ori lori iṣẹ owo (20% ti $ 300) | $ 60 |
| Awọn ifowopamọ | Inawo pajawiri | $ 100 |
| Awọn ifowopamọ | Awọn idiyele lododun (iṣeduro ayalegbe, awọn ẹbun) | $ 40 |
| Fẹ | Jẹun ati ki o fun pẹlu awọn ọrẹ | $ 130 |
| Fẹ | Iṣẹ ṣiṣanwọle | $ 15 |
| Afikun | Afikun fun awọn iyanilẹnu | $ 55 |
| Lapapọ | $ 2,400 |
$ 2,400 owo oya - $ 2,400 ngbero = $ 0 osi lati gbero
Dola kọọkan ni bayi ni aaye kan. Awọn ifowopamọ ati afikun fun awọn iyanilẹnu tun jẹ apakan ti eto naa.
Awọn aini, awọn ojuse, awọn ifowopamọ, ati awọn ifẹ
Ṣiṣeto awọn inawo rẹ ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati pinnu kini lati daabobo ati kini lati ge nigbati owo ba jẹ kekere.
- Awọn aini
- Awọn ohun ti o gbọdọ ni lati gbe ati ṣiṣẹ: ile, awọn ohun elo, ounjẹ, ọna lati lọ si iṣẹ, foonu kan, ati oogun ipilẹ.
- Awọn adehun
- Awọn sisanwo ti o ti ṣe ileri fun ẹnikan: awin ati awọn sisanwo kaadi kirẹditi, atilẹyin ọmọde, owo ti o ṣe ileri fun ẹbi rẹ, ati awọn owo-ori ti iwọ yoo jẹ.
- Awọn ifowopamọ
- Owo fun awọn pajawiri, awọn ibi-afẹde, ati awọn idiyele ti o wa lẹẹkan tabi lẹmeji ni ọdun, gẹgẹbi iṣeduro alagbaṣe tabi awọn ẹbun. Fi sinu eto naa bi owo kan, nitorinaa ko fi silẹ fun ikẹhin.
- Awọn ifẹ
- Awọn nkan ti o jẹ ki igbesi aye dara julọ ṣugbọn ti o le ṣe laisi fun igba diẹ: jijẹ jade, awọn aṣọ tuntun, ṣiṣanwọle, ati awọn irin-ajo.
Owo fun ẹbi jẹ ọranyan kan. Ti idile rẹ ba gbẹkẹle rẹ ni gbogbo oṣu, gbero owo naa ni gbogbo oṣu, kanna bi owo kan, ki o ṣafikun owo gbigbe. Lẹhinna kii ṣe iyalẹnu. Lati dinku owo naa, ṣe afiwe awọn iṣẹ ṣaaju fifiranṣẹ. Wo ẹkọ lori fifiranṣẹ owo ni ilu okeere.
Lati Oṣu Kini Oṣu Kini Ọjọ 1, 2026, owo-ori apapo 1% kan nigbati o ba sanwo fun gbigbe owo si orilẹ-ede miiran pẹlu owo, aṣẹ owo, tabi sọwedowo cashier. Lori $ 200, iyẹn jẹ $ 2. Owo-ori naa ko waye nigbati o ba sanwo lati banki tabi akọọlẹ kirẹditi tabi pẹlu kaadi debiti kan.
Iṣẹ owo nilo laini owo-ori kan. Ti owo-ori rẹ ba jẹ $ 400 tabi diẹ sii ni ọdun kan, o jẹ gbese owo-ori ti ara ẹni ti 15.3% lori ọpọlọpọ ninu wọn, ati owo-ori owo-ori le ṣee lo paapaa. Carlos ṣeto 20% ti owo oya rẹ, ṣugbọn iyẹn jẹ apẹẹrẹ nikan. Nigbati o ba ṣe faili, iranlọwọ owo-ori ọfẹ lati aaye VITA le fihan ọ iye ti o jẹ gbese nitorinaa o le yan iye ti o dara julọ fun ọdun to nbo. Wo ẹkọ lori owo-ori fun gig ati iṣẹ owo.
Apẹẹrẹ
Oṣu kan pẹlu owo diẹ sii, ati oṣupa kan pẹlu owo ti o kere ju
Ti o ba ti o ba
Carlos pinnu niwaju ibiti owo afikun yoo lọ. Ni Oṣu Kẹwa, awọn imọran rẹ jẹ $ 600 ati kikun san $ 500. Eyi jẹ $ 500 diẹ sii ju oṣu ipilẹ rẹ lọ.
| Igbesẹ | Iye |
|---|---|
| Akọkọ: owo-ori lori iṣẹ owo afikun (20% ti afikun $ 200) | $ 40 |
| Owo pajawiri (idaji ti ohun ti o ku) | $ 230 |
| Afikun owo sisan lori kaadi kirẹditi rẹ (mẹẹdogun kan) | $ 115 |
| Awọn ifẹ (mẹẹdogun kan) | $ 115 |
| Lapapọ owo-wiwọle afikun | $ 500 |
Ti o ba ti o ba
Ni Oṣu Kini, ile ounjẹ ko nšišẹ. Awọn imọran jẹ $ 150 nikan, ati pe ko si iṣẹ kikun. Carlos ni $ 450 kere ju oṣu ipilẹ rẹ. O tẹle eto rẹ, ni aṣẹ yii:
- Iye owo ti o fẹ fun oṣu: $ 145.
- Îá ýòîì ñîîáùàåò ÑÑÑÐ ñî ññûëêîé íà $55.
- Ko si iṣẹ owo tumọ si pe ko si owo-ori lati ṣeto ni oṣu yii: $ 60.
- Duro fifipamọ fun awọn pajawiri ati awọn idiyele lododun fun oṣu kan: $ 140.
- Gba $ 50 ti o kẹhin lati inu akọọlẹ akọọlẹ rẹ, ki o si fi sii ni oṣu to nbo.
$ 145 + $ 55 + $ 60 + $ 140 + $ 50 = $ 450
Carlos ko fi ọwọ kan iyalo, awọn ohun elo, ounjẹ, tabi owo ti iya rẹ gbarale. Ti o ko ba le san owo ni kikun, pe ile-iṣẹ ṣaaju ọjọ ti o yẹ ki o beere nipa eto isanwo.
Lo akọọlẹ owo kan nigbati isanwo ba lọ soke ati isalẹ
Akọọlẹ owo jẹ akọọlẹ keji, tabi apoowe ti o ba lo owo, ti o ni owo nikan fun awọn owo ti o wa titi. Awọn owo ti o wa titi jẹ iye kanna ni gbogbo oṣu. Nigbati isanwo ba wa ni awọn akoko oriṣiriṣi ati ni awọn oye oriṣiriṣi, akọọlẹ owo kan tọju owo naa lailewu titi di ọjọ ti o yẹ.
- Ṣafikun awọn owo oṣooṣu rẹ ti o wa titi. Fun Carlos: iyalo $ 1,050, ina ati intanẹẹti $ 85, foonu $ 45, kaadi kirẹditi $ 50, ati owo fun iya rẹ $ 210. Lapapọ: $ 1,440.
- Pin nipasẹ nọmba awọn owo sisan ti o gba ni ọpọlọpọ awọn oṣu. Carlos gba meji: $ 1,440 ÷ 2 = $ 720 lati isanwo kọọkan.
- Ni ọjọ isanwo, gbe iye yẹn si akọọlẹ owo lẹsẹkẹsẹ. Ọpọlọpọ awọn bèbe ati awọn ẹgbẹ kirẹditi jẹ ki o ṣeto eyi ki o ṣẹlẹ funrararẹ.
- San awọn owo nikan lati akọọlẹ owo. Lo akọọlẹ miiran rẹ, pẹlu awọn imọran ati iṣẹ owo, fun awọn ounjẹ, Metro, ati awọn inawo ojoojumọ.
- Kọ ifipamọ ibẹrẹ: gbiyanju lati tọju ọsẹ kan afikun ti owo owo ninu akọọlẹ owo.
Ṣe o sanwo ni gbogbo ọsẹ meji? Ni ọpọlọpọ ọdun, oṣu meji ni awọn ọjọ isanwo mẹta. Maṣe ka owo sisan kẹta ninu ipilẹ rẹ. Lo o lati kọ ifipamọ owo rẹ tabi owo pajawiri rẹ.
Ṣe o sanwo ni owo? Ṣe idogo ni kete bi o ti ṣee. Owo ninu akọọlẹ ti o ni iṣeduro jẹ ailewu ju owo lọ ni ile, ati awọn idogo fun ọ ni igbasilẹ ti owo oya rẹ. Diẹ ninu awọn bèbe ati awọn ẹgbẹ kirẹditi ṣii awọn akọọlẹ pẹlu ITIN tabi iwe irinna kan. Wo ẹkọ lori ṣiṣi akọọlẹ banki kan, paapaa laisi nọmba Aabo Awujọ.
Ṣọ́ra
Ìdẹkùn nígbà tí owó bá kéré
Nigbati oṣu kan ba mu kere si, awọn ipese owo iyara le dabi iranlọwọ. Ọpọlọpọ ninu wọn gba owo lati oṣu ti n bọ.
- Gbero oṣu rẹ ti o dara julọ. Eto ti a kọ lori oṣu nla kan kuna ni oṣu deede. Lo ipilẹ rẹ.
- Awọn idiyele Overdraft. Ti o ba lo diẹ sii ju iwọntunwọnsi rẹ lọ, banki rẹ le gba owo fun rira kọọkan. Ṣayẹwo iwọntunwọnsi rẹ ṣaaju ki o to sanwo, ki o beere lọwọ banki rẹ bawo ni awọn idiyele overdraft rẹ ṣe n ṣiṣẹ.
- Paycheck advance apps. Diẹ ninu awọn apps gba agbara a owo fun sare ifijiṣẹ tabi beere fun a "sample". Kekere owo lori kekere advance le dogba kan gan ga APR. Awọn advance tun wa ni jade ti rẹ tókàn paycheck, ki rẹ tókàn sanwo akoko bẹrẹ pẹlu kere.
- Awọn awin ọjọ isanwo lori ayelujara. DC ati Maryland ṣe idinwo anfani lori ọpọlọpọ awọn awin kekere, ati Virginia ṣe idinwo iye owo ti awọn awin igba kukuru. Ṣugbọn awọn ayanilowo ori ayelujara ti ko ni iwe-aṣẹ ṣi nfunni ni awọn awin pẹlu awọn idiyele ti o ga julọ. Wo ẹkọ lori awọn awin iye owo giga.
Sample
Awọn iṣẹju 10 ti ọsẹ rẹ ni ọsẹ kan
Yan ọjọ kanna ni ọsẹ kan, fun apẹẹrẹ ni irọlẹ ọjọ Sundee, ki o ṣeto olurannileti lori foonu rẹ. Lẹhinna ṣayẹwo awọn nkan marun wọnyi:
- Kọ gbogbo owo ti o wa ni ọsẹ yii, pẹlu awọn italolobo ati owo.
- Wo ohun ti o lo. Lo awọn risiti rẹ, ohun elo ifowopamọ rẹ, tabi iwe ajako fun owo.
- Ṣe afiwe pẹlu eto rẹ. Awọn ila wo ni o pari? Eyi ti o wa labẹ?
- Wo awọn owo ti o yẹ ni ọsẹ meji to nbo. Ṣe o to ninu akọọlẹ owo?
- Yan àyípadà kékeré kan fún ọ̀sẹ̀ tó ń bọ̀, tí o bá nílò ọ̀kan.
Eto naa ko ni lati jẹ pipe. Ero naa ni lati wo awọn iṣoro ni kutukutu, lakoko ti o wa ni akoko lati ṣatunṣe wọn.
Iye owo kekere ati iranlọwọ ọfẹ nitosi rẹ
Metro Lift. Ti o ba gba awọn anfani ounjẹ SNAP lati DC, Maryland, tabi Virginia, o le forukọsilẹ ni Metro Lift ki o san idaji owo fun awọn irin-ajo Metrobus ati Metrorail. Ẹdinwo naa ko kan si awọn irekọja tabi si awọn ọkọ akero agbegbe bii TheBus ati Ride On. Ti Carlos ba gba SNAP ati pe gbogbo awọn irin-ajo rẹ wa lori Metrobus ati Metrorail, $ 110 rẹ ni oṣu kan le lọ silẹ si $ 55.
Ṣe iranlọwọ pẹlu eto rẹ. Olukọni owo kan le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati kọ eto akọkọ rẹ ki o tẹsiwaju lati lo. Awọn ẹgbẹ agbegbe wọnyi le ṣe iranlọwọ:
- DC, Maryland, ati Virginia: Ile-iṣẹ Idagbasoke Iṣowo Latino (LEDC) nfunni ni ikẹkọ owo ọfẹ ọkan-si-ọkan ni ede Gẹẹsi ati ede Spani. Pe 202-540-7400.
- DC: Ọfiisi ijọba DC ti Agbara Owo ati Ẹkọ n ṣakoso awọn eto ẹkọ owo, pẹlu Owo Fit DC.
- Maryland: Ipolongo CASH ti Maryland sopọ awọn olugbe Maryland pẹlu ikẹkọ owo ọfẹ.
- Ariwa Virginia: Britepaths nfunni ni ikẹkọ owo ọfẹ. Pe 703-704-6101.
Awọn bọtini takeaways
- Build your plan on your lowest typical month of income, not on your best month or your average.
- Put money for family, savings, and taxes on cash work into the plan like bills, so they are never a surprise.
- Decide ahead of time where extra money goes, and what you will cut first when a month brings in less.
- A separate bills account keeps money for fixed bills safe until the due date.
- A 10-minute check-in each week helps you find problems while there is still time to fix them.
Ṣayẹwo oye rẹ
Dahun awọn ibeere, lẹhinna yan Ṣayẹwo awọn idahun mi. Gba 4 ti ẹtọ 5 lati pari ẹkọ yii. Eyi jẹ adaṣe: ko si opin akoko, ati pe a ko tọju awọn idahun rẹ.
Lọ siwaju
Awọn oju opo wẹẹbu ti o gbẹkẹle nibi ti o ti le ni imọ siwaju sii. Awọn ọna asopọ wọnyi lọ si awọn oju opo wẹẹbu miiran ti Dollar Scholars ko ṣiṣẹ.
-
Ṣiṣe Isuna kan (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn igbesẹ ti o rọrun fun ṣiṣe isuna kan, pẹlu iwe iṣẹ isuna ọfẹ ti o le fọwọsi tabi tẹjade.
-
Cómo hacer un presupuesto (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Itọsọna kanna ni ede Spani: awọn igbesẹ ti o rọrun lati ṣe isuna kan, pẹlu iwe iṣẹ ọfẹ.
-
Owo rẹ, irinṣẹ awọn ibi-afẹde rẹ (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn iwe iṣẹ ọfẹ ti o le tẹjade lati tọpinpin owo-wiwọle ati inawo, gbero ṣiṣan owo, ati ṣeto kalẹnda owo kan.
-
Metro Lift dinku awọn idiyele (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Bawo ni awọn eniyan ti o gba SNAP ṣe ni anfani lati DC, Maryland, tabi Virginia le forukọsilẹ lati san idaji owo lori awọn irin-ajo Metrobus ati Metrorail.
Ẹkọ yii jẹ ẹkọ owo gbogbogbo, kii ṣe ofin, owo-ori, tabi imọran owo. Awọn ofin ati awọn iye yipada, nitorinaa ṣayẹwo awọn nọmba pataki pẹlu orisun osise.