Awọn ijabọ kirẹditi ati awọn ikun kirẹditi · Ẹkọ 2 ti 3
Build Credit from Zero
A month-by-month plan to earn a first credit score, with costs compared, for newcomers, young adults, ITIN holders and anyone without a credit history.
Ti pari lori ẹrọ yii
Awọn apakan ti ẹkọ yii ko ti tumọ si ede rẹ sibẹsibẹ, nitorinaa wọn han ni ede Gẹẹsi.
Ninu ẹkọ yii
Ohun tí wàá kọ́
- Explain what credit invisible means and why it matters for renting, jobs and loans.
- Compare secured cards, credit-builder loans, authorized user accounts, lending circles and rent reporting.
- Describe how to apply for credit with an ITIN at lenders that accept one.
- Follow a month-by-month plan to earn a first credit score.
Bawo ni eyi ṣe sopọ si awọn kilasi wa: Our class covers how to build credit with tools like secured cards and alternative credit history. This lesson gives you a month-by-month plan, a cost comparison with real numbers, and steps for newcomers and ITIN holders.
Awọn ọrọ lati mọ
- Kirẹditi alaihan (Credit invisible)
- Ko si itan-akọọlẹ kirẹditi ni eyikeyi ninu awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi mẹta ti orilẹ-ede.
- Fáìlì tín-tin-rín (Thin file)
- Ijabọ kirẹditi pẹlu awọn akọọlẹ diẹ. O le jẹ kekere pupọ lati ṣe agbekalẹ Dimegilio kirẹditi kan.
- Kaadi kirẹditi ti o ni aabo (Secured credit card)
- Kaadi kirẹditi kan ti o nilo idogo owo. Idogo maa n ṣeto opin kirẹditi rẹ.
- Gbese kirẹditi (Credit-builder loan)
- A kekere loan ti o ti wa ni waye ni a titiipa ifowopamọ iroyin nigba ti o ba ṣe awọn owo. O gba awọn owo ni ipari.
- Olumulo ti a fun ni aṣẹ (Authorized user)
- Eniyan ti o gba laaye lati lo kaadi kirẹditi ti ẹlomiran. Olumulo ti a fun ni aṣẹ ko ni iduro fun isanwo owo naa.
- ITIN
- Nọmba idanimọ owo-ori kọọkan. Nọmba owo-ori 9 lati IRS fun awọn eniyan ti ko le gba nọmba Aabo Awujọ.
No credit is not bad credit, but it can cost you
If none of the three nationwide credit bureaus has a file on you, you are credit invisible. If your file has only one or two new accounts, you may have a thin file, which can be too small to produce a score. A credit score is a number, usually from 300 to 850, that comes from your credit report. It helps lenders guess how likely you are to pay on time, and a higher score usually means lower costs to borrow. Many people are in this group: newcomers to the United States, young adults, and people who pay for everything in cash.
Having no score is not the same as having a bad score. But it can still cost you money:
- Loans and cards: Lenders may turn you down or charge you a higher interest rate.
- Housing: Landlords may check your credit before they rent to you.
- Jobs: Some employers check credit. In DC, most employers may not ask for or use your credit information when they make job decisions, with some exceptions. You can report a violation to the DC Office of Human Rights.
Some good habits you already have may not count. Rent, phone and utility payments usually do not appear on credit reports unless the company reports them. Debit cards and prepaid cards do not build credit, because you are not borrowing money. Payday loans do not help either, because the payments are not reported to the credit bureaus. Car dealers that lend their own money (sometimes called buy here, pay here) often report only late payments, not on-time payments.
Awọn ọna 5 lati Bẹrẹ, Ṣe afiwe
O nilo nikan ọkan tabi meji ninu awọn irinṣẹ wọnyi. Yan ọkan ti o baamu isuna rẹ ati pe o ṣe ijabọ awọn sisanwo rẹ si awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi.
| Ọpa | Bawo ni o ṣe n ṣiṣẹ | Wo fun |
|---|---|---|
| Kaadi kirẹditi ti o ni aabo | O san idogo owo, fun apẹẹrẹ $ 300. Idogo nigbagbogbo di opin kirẹditi rẹ. O lo kaadi naa ki o san owo naa. O gba idogo pada nigbati o ba pa akọọlẹ naa ati pe ko jẹ ohunkohun, tabi nigbati o ba gbe si kaadi deede. | Awọn idiyele lododun tabi oṣooṣu. Beere boya o ṣe ijabọ si gbogbo awọn ọfiisi mẹta ati ti o ba le gbe nigbamii si kaadi deede. |
| Gbese kirẹditi | Nigbagbogbo lati ẹgbẹ kirẹditi tabi ti kii ṣe èrè. Ayanilowo fi awin kekere kan, nigbagbogbo $ 300 si $ 1,000, sinu akọọlẹ ifowopamọ titiipa. O ṣe awọn sisanwo fun awọn oṣu 6 si 24. Lẹhinna o gba owo naa. | Iwulo ati awọn idiyele. Isanwo ti o padanu ṣe ipalara kirẹditi rẹ dipo iranlọwọ rẹ. |
| Olumulo ti a fun ni aṣẹ | Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ẹbi tabi ọrẹ kan ṣafikun ọ si akọọlẹ kaadi kirẹditi wọn. Iwọ kii ṣe iduro fun isanwo owo naa. | Beere lọwọ ile-iṣẹ kaadi ti o ba ṣe ijabọ awọn olumulo ti a fun ni aṣẹ si awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi. Awọn sisanwo pẹ tabi iwontunwonsi giga le ṣe ipalara kirẹditi rẹ. Lo o bi igbesẹ akọkọ, kii ṣe igbesẹ rẹ nikan. |
| Iyika awin | Ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn eniyan kọọkan sanwo sinu inawo ti a pin ni gbogbo oṣu. Ni oṣu kọọkan, ọmọ ẹgbẹ kan gba gbogbo iye naa. Diẹ ninu awọn ti kii ṣe èrè n ṣiṣẹ awọn iyika awin ati ṣe ijabọ gbogbo isanwo si awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi. | A ebi tabi susu kọ gbese nikan ti o ba ti ẹnikan ijabọ awọn owo si ni o kere ọkan gbese bureau. |
| Ijabọ iyalo | Onile rẹ, tabi iṣẹ ti o forukọsilẹ fun, ṣe ijabọ awọn sisanwo iyalo rẹ si o kere ju ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi kan. | Beere iru awọn ile-iṣẹ wo ni o gba data naa, ti o ba jẹ pe owo kan wa, ati ti o ba jẹ pe awọn sisanwo pẹ tun royin. Kii ṣe gbogbo awọn sisanwo kirẹditi ka awọn sisanwo iyalo. |
Apẹẹrẹ kan ti eto iyika awin kan: Fund Asset Fund ti kii ṣe èrè n ṣakoso Awọn iyika Awin pẹlu awọn ẹgbẹ alabaṣepọ. O sọ pe awọn awin rẹ ko ni anfani, o ṣe ijabọ awọn sisanwo si awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi pataki mẹta, ati pe awọn eniyan ti o ni ITIN le lo lati kọ kirẹditi.
Apẹẹrẹ
Ohun ti o niyelori: Kaadi kirẹditi ti o ni aabo tabi kirẹditi kirẹditi
Samuel n ṣiṣẹ ni ile ounjẹ kan ni Silver Spring ati pe o san apakan ni owo. O ni $ 300 ti o fipamọ. O ṣe afiwe awọn ipese meji lati ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi rẹ. Iwọnyi jẹ awọn nọmba apẹẹrẹ. Nigbagbogbo beere fun awọn idiyele gidi ni kikọ.
| Ohun kan | Kaadi ti o ni aabo | Gbese kirẹditi |
|---|---|---|
| Owo ti o fi sinu | $ 300 idogo | $ 636 ni awọn sisanwo |
| Owo ti o gba pada | $ 300 | $ 600 |
| Ọya lododun | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| Anfani | $ 0 | $ 36 |
| Iye owo fun ọdun | $ 0 | $ 36 |
$ 53 × awọn oṣu 12 = $ 636 ti a san; $ 636 - $ 600 pada = $ 36 iye owo
Kaadi ti o ni aabo ko ni idiyele ohunkohun ti Samuel ba yan kaadi kan laisi ọya lododun ati san iwontunwonsi ni kikun ni gbogbo oṣu. O gba idogo rẹ pada nigbati o ba pa kaadi naa ati pe ko jẹ ohunkohun, tabi nigbati o ba lọ si kaadi deede. Gbese naa jẹ $ 36, ṣugbọn o ṣiṣẹ bi eto ifowopamọ: ni ipari o ni $ 600. Awọn mejeeji kọ kirẹditi ti wọn ba royin si awọn bureaus. Ti Samuel ko ba ni $ 300 fun idogo kan, awin naa le jẹ ọna ti o rọrun julọ lati bẹrẹ.
Awọn titun ati awọn oniwun ITIN
ITIN jẹ nọmba owo-ori lati IRS fun awọn eniyan ti ko le gba nọmba Aabo Awujọ. O le kọ itan kirẹditi AMẸRIKA pẹlu ITIN kan. Diẹ ninu awọn ile-iṣẹ kaadi ati awọn ayanilowo miiran gba ITIN lori awọn ohun elo kirẹditi. Kii ṣe gbogbo wọn ṣe bẹ, ati pe awọn ofin yatọ si ni ayanilowo kọọkan. Lati Oṣu Karun ọdun 2026, awọn olutọsọna Federal ti beere lọwọ awọn bèbe lati wo diẹ sii ni pẹkipẹki awọn alabara ti o lo ITIN. Diẹ ninu awọn le beere fun awọn iwe aṣẹ diẹ sii tabi sọ rara, nitorinaa beere ṣaaju ki o to lo. Mu atokọ yii ti awọn ibeere pẹlu rẹ:
- Ṣé o gba ITIN fún káàdì tàbí awin yìí?
- Ṣe o ṣe ijabọ awọn sisanwo si Equifax, Experian ati TransUnion?
- Kini o yẹ ki o sanwo, oṣooṣu ati ni gbogbo ọdun?
- Fun kaadi ti o ni aabo: kini idogo ti o kere julọ, ati nigbawo ni MO le gbe si kaadi deede?
- Awọn iwe aṣẹ wo ni Mo nilo, gẹgẹbi iwe irinna, ID consular tabi ẹri adirẹsi?
Lo orukọ kanna ti orukọ rẹ, ọjọ ibimọ kanna ati adirẹsi lọwọlọwọ rẹ lori gbogbo ohun elo. Eyi ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn ile-iṣẹ kirẹditi lati tọju gbogbo awọn akọọlẹ rẹ ni faili kan.
Kirẹditi lati orilẹ-ede miiran: Itan-akọọlẹ kirẹditi rẹ lati orilẹ-ede miiran ko han lori awọn ijabọ kirẹditi AMẸRIKA. Diẹ ninu awọn ayanilowo AMẸRIKA ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn ile-iṣẹ ti o le wo itan kirẹditi lati awọn orilẹ-ede miiran. Beere lọwọ ayanilowo ti o ba le ṣe eyi. Ti o ko ba le ṣe, bẹrẹ pẹlu ọkan ninu awọn irinṣẹ ti o wa loke.
Apẹẹrẹ
Month-by-month plan: Aisha's first score
Aisha moved to Takoma Park and works at a hotel. She has an ITIN and no U.S. credit history. Here is her plan. You can follow the same steps.
- Before you start: Get your reports from each bureau to see if you already have a file. Without a Social Security number, ask by mail. Save money for a deposit if you need one.
- Month 1: Open one account that reports to all three bureaus. Aisha opens a secured card with a $300 limit. She sets up automatic payment from her checking account for the full balance on each statement.
- Months 1 to 6: Use the card for one small, regular bill, like a $30 phone bill. Keep the balance under 30% of the limit. On a $300 card, that means less than $90. Credit scores look at how much of your limit you are using, called credit utilization, and using only a small part of it helps your score. Pay the full balance by the due date every month.
- Month 6: Check your reports from all three bureaus. Make sure the new account is there and correct. A FICO score needs at least one account that has been open six months or more, and at least one account reported in the last six months. So around now, you may get your first score.
- Months 7 to 12: Keep using the card for small amounts and paying on time. Ask if you can move to a regular card and get your deposit back. Do not apply for many new accounts at once.
- After month 12: If you need it, add a second, different kind of credit, such as a credit-builder loan. Keep your oldest account open.
$300 limit × 30% = $90, so keep the balance under $90
Where can Aisha see her score? Many credit card companies give their customers a free credit score. HUD-approved housing counselors and nonprofit credit counselors can often give you a free credit report and score, too.
Ṣọ́ra
Awọn idẹkùn lati yago fun
- Awọn idiyele giga. Diẹ ninu awọn kaadi ati awọn ọja kirẹditi gba agbara awọn idiyele oṣooṣu, awọn idiyele iṣeto tabi awọn idiyele lododun. Ṣafikun gbogbo awọn idiyele fun ọdun kan ki o ṣe afiwe wọn pẹlu kaadi ti o ni aabo ti ko ni owo lododun.
- Awọn ileri ti Dimegilio iyara. Kirẹditi kirẹditi gba awọn oṣu. Ko si ẹnikan ti o le fun ọ ni Dimegilio ti o dara ni awọn ọjọ diẹ.
- Idanimọ kirẹditi tuntun Diẹ ninu awọn ti o ntaa nfunni ni nọmba tuntun lati lo dipo nọmba Aabo Awujọ tirẹ tabi ITIN. Lilo nọmba ti kii ṣe tirẹ lati beere fun kirẹditi jẹ arufin. O le dojuko awọn itanran tabi tubu.
- Kirẹditi pupọ ni iyara pupọ. Ṣiṣi ọpọlọpọ awọn akọọlẹ tuntun ni akoko kukuru le dinku Dimegilio rẹ ki o jẹ ki awọn ayanilowo ṣe aibalẹ.
Awọn scammers nigbagbogbo fojusi awọn eniyan ti o jẹ tuntun si orilẹ-ede naa. Wo awọn itanjẹ ti o fojusi awọn tuntun.
Sample
Iranlọwọ ọfẹ nitosi rẹ
Ni DC, Ẹka ti Insurance, Securities and Banking nfunni ni awọn eto ẹkọ owo nipasẹ Office of Financial Empowerment and Education. Ni Maryland, Ipolongo CASH ti Maryland nfunni ni ikẹkọ owo ọfẹ. Nibikibi ni agbegbe, o le wa oludamoran ile ti a fọwọsi HUD ti o le ṣe atunyẹwo kirẹditi rẹ fun kekere tabi ko si idiyele. Nilo banki tabi akọọlẹ iṣọkan kirẹditi akọkọ? Wo bi o ṣe le ṣii akọọlẹ kan.
Awọn bọtini takeaways
- Having no credit history is not the same as having bad credit, but it can still cost you money.
- Start with one product that reports to all three credit bureaus. Use it for small amounts and pay on time every month.
- Some lenders accept an ITIN. Ask before you apply.
- A first FICO score usually takes about six months of reported history.
- Stay away from high fees, promises of a fast score, and anyone selling a new credit identity.
Ṣayẹwo oye rẹ
Dahun awọn ibeere, lẹhinna yan Ṣayẹwo awọn idahun mi. Gba 4 ti ẹtọ 5 lati pari ẹkọ yii. Eyi jẹ adaṣe: ko si opin akoko, ati pe a ko tọju awọn idahun rẹ.
Lọ siwaju
Awọn oju opo wẹẹbu ti o gbẹkẹle nibi ti o ti le ni imọ siwaju sii. Awọn ọna asopọ wọnyi lọ si awọn oju opo wẹẹbu miiran ti Dollar Scholars ko ṣiṣẹ.
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Kini diẹ ninu awọn ọna lati bẹrẹ tabi tun kọ itan kirẹditi ti o dara? (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Ṣalaye awọn kaadi ti o ni aabo, awọn awin kirẹditi ati awọn kaadi itaja, ati awọn ọja wo ni ko ṣe iranlọwọ lati kọ kirẹditi.
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Kirẹditi (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn oju-iwe ede ti o rọrun lori bii o ṣe le kọ, ṣayẹwo ati mu kirẹditi rẹ dara, ti a kọ fun awọn agbalagba ti o kọ Gẹẹsi.
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Crédito (oju opo wẹẹbu miiran)
Awọn oju-iwe Spani ti o rọrun lori bii o ṣe le kọ, ṣe ilọsiwaju, ati ṣayẹwo kirẹditi rẹ.
Ẹkọ yii jẹ ẹkọ owo gbogbogbo, kii ṣe ofin, owo-ori, tabi imọran owo. Awọn ofin ati awọn iye yipada, nitorinaa ṣayẹwo awọn nọmba pataki pẹlu orisun osise.